Zabwino Zikuposedwa ndi Zoipa

MASIKU ano, tingaone ngati kuti ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene akudzipereka kuchita zinthu zabwino. Komabe, pali anthu ena amene akuyesetsa kuchitira anthu anzawo zinthu zabwino powathandiza m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Chaka ndi chaka, anthu ambiri amapereka mabiliyoni ochuluka a ndalama ku mabungwe othandiza anthu ovutika. Mwachitsanzo, ku Britain ndalama zimene zinaperekedwa ku mabungwe othandiza anthu ovutika zinakwana madola 13 biliyoni chaka cha 2002, zomwe ndi ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe zinaperekedwapo m’chaka chimodzi m’mbuyo monsemu. Kuyambira chaka cha 1999, anthu teni akufuna kwabwino, apereka kapena alonjeza kupereka mowolowa manja ndalama zopitirira madola 38 biliyoni zothandizira anthu osowa.

Zina za ntchito zabwino zimene mabungwe othandiza anthu ovutika akwaniritsa kale ndi monga kulipirira mabanja osauka kuchipatala, kuphunzitsa ndi kulangiza ana oleredwa ndi kholo limodzi, kupereka ndalama za katemera ku mayiko osauka, kupereka buku lawolawo loyamba kwa ana oti sangakwanitse okha kugula buku, kupereka ziweto kwa alimi akumayiko osauka, ndi kuthandiza anthu amene akumana ndi masoka achilengedwe.

Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti anthu angathe kuchitira anzawo zabwino. Komabe, n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti palinso anthu ena amene amachita zinthu zoipa kwambiri.

Zoipa Zikuwonjezeka

Kuchokera pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inatha, kwachitika zinthu zankhanza zodziwika kwambiri zokwana pafupifupi 50, zokhudza kupululutsa fuko la anthu ndi kupha anthu ambiri nthawi imodzi pazifukwa zandale. Ponena za zinthu zimenezi, magazini yotchedwa American Political Science Review inati: “Zochitika zimenezi zaphetsa [asilikali] oposa 12 miliyoni ndiponso anthu wamba okwana 22 miliyoni. Anthu amenewa ndi ochuluka kuposa onse amene anafa m’nkhondo za pachiweniweni ndi m’nkhondo za pakati pa mayiko kuyambira chaka cha 1945.”

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, anthu pafupifupi 2.2 miliyoni anaphedwa ku Cambodia pazifukwa zandale. Kudana chifukwa chosiyana mafuko ku Rwanda kwaphetsa amuna, akazi, ndi ana oposa 800,000. Anthu opitirira 200,000 aphedwa ku Bosnia ndi anthu osiyana nawo zipembedzo kapena ndale.

Potchula zoipa zomwe zachitika posachedwapa, mlembi wamkulu wa bungwe la United Nations m’chaka cha 2004 anati: “Ku Iraq, anthu wamba ambirimbiri akuphedwa mopanda chisoni. Ndiponso ogwira ntchito yothandiza anthu anzawo, atolankhani ndi anthu wamba agwidwa ndi kuphedwa mwankhanza kwambiri.  Taonanso akaidi ku Iraq komweko akuwachitira nkhanza mowachotsera ulemu. Ku Darfur, anthu ambirimbiri akukakamizidwa kusamuka, nyumba zawo zikuwonongedwa, ndiponso akazi akugwiriridwa monga njira yoopsezera anthu. Kumpoto kwa Uganda, ana ambiri akudulidwa ziwalo ndi kuumirizidwa kuti azichitira ena nkhanza zosaneneka. Ku Beslan, ana ambiri akugwidwa ndi kuphedwa mwankhanza.”

Ngakhale kumayiko olemera, kuchitira zaupandu anthu osiyana nawo kukuchuluka. Mwachitsanzo, nyuzipepala ya Independent News, m’chaka cha 2004 inalemba kuti m’dziko la Britain “anthu amene achitiridwa chipongwe chifukwa cha kusankhana mafuko, awonjezereka kuwirikiza kaleveni pa zaka teni zapitazi.”

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anthu oti atha kuchita zinthu zabwino kwambiri akuchita zinthu zoipa chonchi? Kodi zidzatheka kuti zoipa zonse zidzathe? Monga mmene nkhani yotsatira ikusonyezera, Baibulo limayankha mokhutiritsa mafunso ozunguza amenewa.

 [Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 2]

COVER: Mark Edwards/​Still Pictures/​Peter Arnold, Inc.