Mawu a Yehova Ndi Amoyo

Mfundo Zazikulu za M’buku la Ezara

BUKU la Ezara limapitiriza pamene panalekezera nkhani za buku Lachiwiri la Mbiri. Ezara, wansembe amene analemba bukuli, anayamba bukuli ndi nkhani ya lamulo la mfumu Koresi ya ku Perisiya lolola Ayuda amene anali muukapolo ku Babulo kubwerera kwawo. Bukuli limatha ndi nkhani ya zimene Ezara anachita poyeretsa anthu amene anadzidetsa chifukwa chokwatira anthu a m’dzikolo. Bukuli limafotokoza zinthu zimene zinachitika kwa zaka 70, kuchokera mu 537 mpaka 467 B.C.E.

Ezara ankalemba bukuli akudziwa bwino cholinga cholilembera, chomwe chinali kusonyeza mmene Yehova anakwaniritsira lonjezo lake lomasula anthu ake muukapolo ku Babulo ndi kuwathandiza kuyambanso kulambira koona ku Yerusalemu. Motero, Ezara analemba makamaka za zinthu zokhudza cholinga chimenechi. Buku la Ezara limalongosola mmene anthu a Mulungu anamangiranso kachisi ndi mmene anayambiranso kulambira Yehova ngakhale kuti ankatsutsidwa ndi adani ndiponso paokha anali ndi zophophonya zosiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi n’njofunika kuiganizira chifukwa choti nafenso tikukhala m’nthawi imene anthu ayambiranso kulambira koona. Ambiri akukhamukira ku “phiri la Yehova,” ndipo nthawi yoti dziko lonse lapansi ‘lidzazidwe ndi chidziwitso cha ulemerero wa Yehova’ yatsala pang’ono kukwana.​—Yesaya 2:2, 3; Habakuku 2:14.

AMANGANSO KACHISI

(Ezara 1:1–6:22)

Pomvera lamulo la Koresi lowamasula, Ayuda andende pafupifupi 50,000 anabwerera ku Yerusalemu motsogoleredwa ndi Kazembe Zerubabele, kapena kuti Sezibazara. Atangofika kwawo, Ayudawo anamanga guwa la nsembe pa malo ake n’kuyamba kupereka nsembe zawo kwa Yehova.

Chaka chotsatira Aisrayeliwo anamanga maziko a nyumba ya Yehova. Adani anapitiriza kuyesa kuwalepheretsa ntchito yomangansoyi moti mpaka anachititsa mfumu kuika lamulo loimitsa ntchitoyo. Koma mneneri Hagai ndi Zekariya analimbikitsa Aisrayeliwo kuti apitirize kumanga kachisiyo ngakhale kuti mfumu inaletsa ntchitoyi. Adani aja anazizira nkhongono pochita mantha ndi lamulo loyamba lija la mfumu Koresi lovomereza ntchitoyi, chifukwatu lamulo la Aperisili linali losasinthika. Akuluakulu atafufuza anapeza lamulo la Koresi lija lokhudza “nyumba ya Mulungu ku Yerusalemu.” (Ezara 6:3) Ntchitoyo inayenda bwino mpaka anaimaliza.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba:

1:3-6​—Kodi Aisrayeli amene sanasankhe kubwerera kwawo anali ofooka chikhulupiriro? N’kutheka kuti ena sanabwerere ku Yerusalemu chifukwa chokonda chuma kapena chifukwa chosayamikira kulambira koona, koma si onse anatero pa zifukwa zimenezi. Choyamba n’chakuti ulendo wobwerera ku Yerusalemu unali wautali makilomita 1,600 ndipo unali ulendo wa miyezi inayi kapena isanu. Komanso, munthu anayenera kukhala wamphamvu kuti asamukire m’dziko limene linakhala bwinja kwa zaka 70 ndi kukamanganso dziko lotere. Motero, n’zosachita kufunsa kuti anthu amene zinthu sizinali kuwayendera bwino, mwina chifukwa cha matenda,  ukalamba, ndiponso maudindo a m’banja, analephera kubwerera.

2:43​—Kodi Anetini anali ndani? Awa anali anthu omwe sanali Aisrayeli amene ankagwira ntchito monga akapolo kapena otumikira pakachisi. Ena mwa anthuwa anali ana a Agibeoni a m’nthawi ya Yoswa ndi ena “amene Davide ndi akalonga adapereka atumikire Alevi.”​—Ezara 8:20.

2:55​—Kodi ana a akapolo a Solomo anali ndani? Awa anali anthu omwe sanali Aisrayeli amene anapatsidwa maudindo apadera potumikira Yehova. N’kutheka kuti ankagwira ntchito yotumikira pakachisi monga alembi ndi okopera kapena ntchito zina zoyang’anira zinthu pakachisi.

2:61-63​—Kodi Urimu ndi Tumimu amene ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pofunsa zinthu kwa Yehova, analipobe pamene Aisrayeli ankabwerera kwawo? Anthu onena kuti anabadwira m’banja la anthu oyenerera kutumikira monga ansembe koma omwe akulephera kufotokoza bwinobwino mzere umene iwowo anabadwira akanatha kugwiritsira ntchito Urimu ndi Tumimu kuti atsimikizire zonena zawozo. Ezara anangotchulapo kuti zimenezi zinali zotheka koma Malemba sanenapo chilichonse chosonyeza kuti Aisrayeli anagwiritsirapo ntchito Urimu ndi Tumimu panthawiyi kapena pambuyo pake. Nkhani zakale za Ayuda zimasonyeza kuti Urimu ndi Tumimu anasowa pamene kachisi anawonongedwa mu 607 B.C.E.

3:12​—N’chifukwa chiyani “okalamba amene adaona nyumba yoyamba ija” ya Yehova analira? Amuna amenewa ankakumbukira ulemerero umene kachisi wa Solomo anali nawo. Maziko a kachisi watsopano yemwe ankamuonayo ‘anali ngati achabe m’maso mwawo’ poyerekezera ndi kachisi woyambayo. (Hagai 2:2, 3) Iwo ankadzifunsa kuti kodi zochita zawo zingabwezeretse kachisiyu ku ulemerero wake wakale? Zimenezi ziyenera kuti zinawafooketsa, n’chifukwa chake ankalira.

3:8-10; 4:23, 24; 6:15, 16​—Kodi panatenga zaka zingati kuti amangenso kachisi? Maziko a kachisiyu anawaika mu 536 B.C.E.​—“chaka chachiwiri tsono chakufika iwo.” Ntchito yomanga inaima m’masiku a Mfumu Aritasasta, m’chaka cha 522 B.C.E. Ntchitoyi inaletsedwa mpaka m’chaka cha 520 B.C.E., chaka chachiwiri cha ulamuliro a Mfumu Dariyo. Kachisiyo anam’maliza m’chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha ulamuliro wake, chaka cha 515 B.C.E. (Onani bokosi lakuti “Mafumu a Perisiya Kuchokera mu 537 Mpaka 467 B.C.E.”) Motero, kumanganso kachisiyo kunatenga zaka pafupifupi 20.

4:8–6:18​—N’chifukwa chiyani mavesi amenewa anawalemba m’Chiaramu? Mbali yaikulu ya mavesi amenewa ndi makalata a akuluakulu aboma opita kwa mafumu ndiponso mayankho a mafumuwo. Ezara anakopera makalatawa kuchokera ku makalata a boma omwe ankalembedwa m’Chiaramu, chinenero cha a malonda ndiponso a boma panthawiyo. Mbali zina za Baibulo zimene anazilemba m’chinenero chakalechi ndi Ezara 7:12-26, Yeremiya 10:11, ndi Danieli 2:4b–7:28.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

1:2. Zimene Yesaya analosera zaka pafupifupi 200 m’mbuyomo zinakwaniritsidwa panthawiyi.  (Yesaya 44:28) Maulosi opezeka m’Mawu a Yehova salephera.

1:3-6. Monga Aisrayeli ena amene anatsalira ku Babulo, pali a Mboni za Yehova ambiri amene sangathe kuchita utumiki wa nthawi zonse kapena kutumikira kumadera komwe kulibe olalikira okwanira. Komabe amachirikiza ndi kulimbikitsa anthu amene angathe kutero, ndipo mwakufuna kwawo, amapereka thandizo lopititsa patsogolo ntchito yolengeza Ufumu ndi kupanga ophunzira.

3:1-6. M’mwezi wachisanu ndi chiwiri m’chaka cha 537 B.C.E. (uwu ndi mwezi wa Tishiri, womwe ndi cha mu September/​October), Ayuda okhulupirika omwe anabwerera kwawo anapereka nsembe yawo yoyamba. Ababulo anali atafika ku Yerusalemu m’mwezi wa chisanu (uwu ndi mwezi wa Abi, womwe ndi cha mu July/​August) m’chaka cha 607 B.C.E., ndipo pakutha miyezi iwiri mzinda wonsewo unali utawonongedwa. (2 Mafumu 25:8-17) Mogwirizana ndi ulosi, mzinda wa Yerusalemu unakhala bwinja zaka 70 ndendende. (Yeremiya 25:11; 29:10) Chilichonse chimene Mawu a Yehova amalosera chimachitika nthawi zonse.

4:1-3. Ayuda okhulupirika otsalira ku Babulo anakana atapemphedwa kuchita mgwirizano umene ukanawayambitsa ubwenzi wachipembedzo ndi olambira milungu yonyenga. (Eksodo 20:5; 34:12) Masiku anonso olambira Yehova salowa nawo m’magulu a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana.

5:1-7; 6:1-12. Yehova angathe kusintha zinthu pofuna kuthandiza anthu ake.

6:14, 22. Yehova amatikonda ndi kutidalitsa tikamachita ntchito yake mwakhama.

6:21. Asamariya amene panthawiyi ankakhala kwawo kwa Ayuda komanso Ayuda obwerera kwawo omwe anatengeka ndi zochita za anthu akunja, anasintha moyo wawo chifukwa choona ntchito ya Yehova ikupita patsogolo. Nafenso tiyenera kuchita mwakhama ntchito imene Mulungu watipatsa, kuphatikizapo ntchito yolalikira Ufumu.

EZARA ABWERA KU YERUSALEMU

(Ezara 7:1–10:44)

M’chaka cha 468 B.C.E., patatha zaka 50 chipatulireni nyumba ya Yehova imene anaimanganso ija, Ezara ananyamuka ku Babulo kupita ku Yerusalemu pamodzi ndi anthu a Yehova omwe anatsalira, komanso anatenga chuma chomwe anthu anapereka mwakufuna kwawo. Kodi Ezara atafika ku Yerusalemu anakapeza chiyani?

Akalonga anamuuza kuti: “Anthu a Israyeli, ndi ansembe, ndi Alevi, sanadzilekanitsa ndi anthu a maikowa, kunena za zonyansa zawo.” Komanso “dzanja la akalonga ndi olamulira linayamba kulakwa kumene,” kapena kuti ndilo linali patsogolo pochita zolakwa. (Ezara 9:1, 2) Ezara anakhumudwa kwabasi. Koma anauzidwa kuti ‘alimbike ndi kuchitapo kanthu.’ (Ezara 10:4) Motero Ezara anachitapo kanthu mwa kukonza zinthu ndipo anthuwo anamumvera.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’Malemba:

7:1, 7, 11​—Kodi mavesi onsewa amanena za Aritasasta amene anaimitsa ntchito yomanga uja? Ayi. Aritasasta ndi dzina la udindo lomwe amatchulira mafumu awiri a Perisiya. Mmodziyo anali Baladiya kapena Gaumata, ndipo ndi amene analamula kuti aimitse ntchito yomanga kachisi mu 522 B.C.E. Aritasasta amene analipo nthawi imene Ezara anabwera ku Yerusalemu dzina lake anali Aritasasta Longimenasi.

7:28–8:20​—N’chifukwa chiyani Ayuda ambiri ku Babulo sanafune kupita ku Yerusalemu ndi Ezara? Ngakhale kuti panali patadutsa zaka 60 gulu loyamba la Ayuda litabwerera kwawo, ku Yerusalemu kunali anthu ochepa chabe. Munthu wobwerera ku Yerusalemu anayenera kukayamba moyo watsopano wokhala ndi zovuta ndiponso zoopsa zosiyanasiyana. Panthawi imeneyo kwa Ayuda omwe zinthu zinali kuwayendera ku Babulo, ku Yerusalemu kunalibe moyo wapamwamba woti angaukhumbire. Komanso ulendo wake unali woopsa. Anthu obwerera ku  Yerusalemuwo anayenera kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba mwa Yehova, changu pa kulambira koona, ndiponso anayenera kulimba mtima kuti asamuke. Ngakhale Ezara mwiniwakeyo anadzilimbikitsa chifukwa dzanja la Yehova linali naye. Ezara analimbikitsa mabanja 1,500, omwe mwina anali anthu 6,000, motero nawonso anasamuka. Ezara anapitirizabe kulimbikitsa anthu ndipo Alevi 38 ndi Anetini 220 anasamukanso.

9:1, 2​—Kodi kukwatirana ndi anthu a mayikowa kunali koopsa motani? Mtundu wobwezeretsedwawu unayenera kukhala chimake cha olambira Yehova mpaka Mesiya atabwera. Kukwatirana ndi anthu a mitundu ina kukanasokoneza kulambira koona. Popeza kuti anthu ena anali atakwatirana ndi a mitundu yolambira mafano, mtundu wonsewo ukanatha kutengera zochita za anthu akunjawa. Motero, kulambira koona kukanatheratu padziko lonse. Choncho kodi Mesiya akanabwera ku mtundu uti? N’chifukwa chaketu Ezara anakhumudwa kwambiri ataona zimene zinali kuchitikazi.

10:3, 44​—N’chifukwa chiyani ana anachotsedwa pamodzi ndi akazi? Anawo akanatsalira, akazi ochotsedwawo akanatha kudzabwereranso mosavuta pofuna anawo. Komanso, ana aang’ono nthawi zambiri amafuna chisamaliro cha mayi awo.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

7:10. Ezara anatipatsa chitsanzo cha khama ndiponso luso lophunzira ndi kuphunzitsa Mawu a Mulungu. Iyeyu anakonzekeretsa mtima wake mwapemphero pofufuza Chilamulo cha Yehova. Ndipo pofufuzapo Ezara ankaganizira mwachidwi zimene Yehova akunena m’Chilamulocho. Ezara anagwiritsira ntchito zimene anaphunzira ndipo anayesetsa kuphunzitsa ena.

7:13. Yehova amafuna anthu omutumikira mochita kufuna okha.

7:27, 28; 8:21-23. Ezara anatamanda Yehova pa zinthu zomwe iye anakwanitsa kuchita, ndipo anapemphera moona mtima asanayambe ulendo wake wautali ndiponso woopsa wopita ku Yerusalemu, ndipotu analolera kuika moyo wake pachiswe kuti Mulungu atamandike. Potero, iyeyu anatipatsa chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri.

9:2. Sitiyenera kunyalanyaza ngakhale pang’ono langizo lakuti tizikwatira “mwa Ambuye” basi.​—1 Akorinto 7:39.

9:14, 15. Kuyanjana ndi anthu oipa kungachititse kuti Yehova asamatikonde.

10:2-12, 44. Anthu amene anakwatira akazi achikunja analapa modzichepetsa n’kusintha makhalidwe awo oipa. Anasintha mtima ndiponso makhalidwe awo n’kukhala abwino kwambiri.

Yehova Amasunga Malonjezo Ake

Buku la Ezara n’lopindulitsa kwambiri. Yehova anakwaniritsa lonjezo lomasula anthu ake ku ukapolo ku Babulo n’kubwezeretsa kulambira koona ku Yerusalemu ndipo anakwanitsa lonjezoli panthawi yeniyeni imene analonjezayo. Kodi zimenezi sizilimbikitsa chikhulupiriro chathu mwa Yehova ndi malonjezo ake?

Taganizirani zitsanzo zimene buku la Ezara limatipatsa. Ezara ndi otsalira amene anabwerera ku Yerusalemu kuti akayambenso kulambira koona anasonyeza chitsanzo chabwino zedi chodzipereka kwa Mulungu. Bukuli limasonyezanso chikhulupiriro cha anthu a mitundu ina omwe anayamba kuopa Mulungu ndiponso limasonyeza kudzichepetsa kwa anthu ochita zoipa amene analapa. Ndithudi, mawu ouziridwa a Ezara amapereka umboni woonekeratu wakuti “mawu a Mulungu ali amoyo, ndi ochitachita.”​—Ahebri 4:12.

[Tchati/Chithunzi patsamba 18]

MAFUMU A PERISIYA KUCHOKERA MU 537 MPAKA 467 B.C.E.

Koresi Wamkulu (Ezra 1:1) anamwalira mu 530 B.C.E.

Kambisesi, kapena Ahaswero (Ezra 4:6) 530 mpaka 522 B.C.E.

Aritasasta​—Baladiya kapena Gaumata (Ezra 4:7) 522 B.C.E. (Anaphedwa atalamulira kwa miyezi seveni yokha)

Dariyo Woyamba (Ezra 4:24) 522 mpaka 486 B.C.E.

Sasta, kapena Ahaswero * 486 mpaka 475 B.C.E. (Analamulira limodzi ndi Dariyo Woyamba kuchokera mu 496 mpaka 486 B.C.E.)

Aritasasta Longimenasi (Ezra 7:1) 475 mpaka 424 B.C.E.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi]

Ahaswero

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Koresi

[Chithunzi patsamba 17]

Apa m’pamene Koresi analembapo lamulo loti andende awabweze kwawo

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Cylinder: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum

[Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Kodi mukudziwa kuti n’chiyani chinachititsa kuti Ezara akhale mphunzitsi waluso?