Mkulu wa Ansembe Amene Anaphetsa Yesu
Mkulu wa Ansembe Amene Anaphetsa Yesu
MU November 1990, anthu omwe ankagwira ntchito pa malo enaake osewerera ndiponso pa msewu winawake womwe uli pa mtunda wapafupifupi kilomita imodzi kum’mwera kwa mzinda wakale wa Yerusalemu, anatulukira zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwabasi. Thalakitala inadiriza manda enaake akale mwangozi. Dera lonselo linali manda aakulu kuyambira kalekale. Komatu zimene akatswiri a mbiri yakale anapeza m’kati mwa mandawa zinali zochititsa chidwi zedi.
Manda anadirizikawo anali ndi mabokosi 12 okhala ndi mafupa a anthu. Mitembo ya anthuwo inakhala m’manda mwina kwa chaka chathunthu ndipo khungu lawo litawolerana anatenga mafupa awo n’kuwaika m’mabokosi. Pambali pa bokosi lina losemedwa mwambambande kwambiri limene analipeza, panalembedwa mawu akuti Yehosef bar Caiapha (Yosefe mwana wa Kayafa).
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti n’kutheka kuti amenewa anali manda a mkulu wa ansembe amene anaweruza mlandu wofunika kwambiri pa milandu yonse, womwe ndi mlandu wa Yesu Kristu. Katswiri wina wa mbiri yakale wachiyuda dzina lake Josephus, ananena kuti mkulu wa ansembe ameneyu anali “Yosefe, yemwe ankatchedwa kuti Kayafa.” M’Malemba, iyeyu amangotchedwa kuti Kayafa basi. Kodi munthu ameneyu tili naye ntchito yanji? Kodi n’chiyani chinam’chititsa kuphetsa Yesu?
Banja Lake ndi Moyo Wake
Kayafa anakwatira mwana wa Anasi, yemwenso anali mkulu wa ansembe. (Yohane 18:13) N’kutheka kuti makolo a Kayafa ndi mkazi wakeyo ndiwo anakonza zoti iwowa akwatirane ndipo mwina anatero zaka zingapo ukwatiwo usanachitike pofuna kutsimikizira kuti akupereka ana awo ku banja labwino. Ndiye kuti anayenera kuona bwinobwino mzera wobadwira wa banja linalo kuti atsimikizire kuti akuchokeradi ku banja la ansembe. Zikuoneka kuti mabanja onse awiri anali olemera ndiponso apamwamba, ndipo n’kutheka kuti chuma chawochi anachipeza chifukwa cha minda yawo ikuluikulu ya m’chigawo cha Yerusalemu. N’zosakayikitsa kuti Anasi ankafuna kutsimikizira kuti mpongozi wakeyu adzakhala munthu wodalirika woti n’kugwirizana naye pa zandale. Zikuoneka kuti Anasi ndi Kayafa anali m’gulu lamphamvu la Asaduki.—Machitidwe 5:17.
Pakuti iyeyu anali wochokera m’banja lotchuka la ansembe, Kayafa ayenera kuti anaphunzira za Malemba a Chihebri ndiponso kamasuliridwe ka Malembawa. Ayenera kuti anayamba kutumikira pa kachisi ali ndi zaka 20, koma sizikudziwika kuti ndi liti pamene anakhala mkulu wa ansembe.
Akulu a Ansembe ndi Ansembe Aakulu
Nthawi zambiri ukulu wa ansembe unali udindo wochita kulowa ndiponso unali wamuyaya. Koma m’zaka za m’ma 100 B.C.E., Ahasimoni analanda ukulu wa ansembe. * Herodi Wamkulu ndiye ankaika ndi kuchotsa akulu a ansembe, ndipo izi zinkaonetseratu kuti iyeyo ndiye anali ndi mphamvu zoika anthu pa udindowu. Akazembe achiroma ankachitanso chimodzimodzi.
Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti pakhale gulu limene malemba amalitcha kuti “ansembe aakulu.” (Mateyu 26:3, 4) Kuphatikiza pa Kayafa, gululi linalinso ndi anthu ena amene kale anali akulu a ansembe, monga Anasi, amene anachotsedwa pa udindowu koma anapitirizabe kudziwika monga mkulu wa ansembe. Linalinso ndi abale awo, akulu a ansembe a panthawiyo ndiponso a kale.
Aroma ankalola Ayuda apamwamba, kuphatikizapo ansembe aakulu kuti aziyendetsa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku ku Yudeya. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti boma la Roma lithe kulamulira chigawochi ndi kulandira misonkho mosachita kutumiza asilikali ambirimbiri. Aroma ankafuna kuti akuluakulu achiyudawa azikhazikitsa bata ndi kuteteza zinthu zokhudza bomalo. Akazembe achiroma sankasangalatsidwa nawo atsogoleri achiyuda odana ndi ulamuliro wachiroma. Koma kuti bomalo likhale lokhazikika onse anayenera kuchita zinthu mogwirizana.
Panthawi ya Kayafa, mkulu wa ansembe ndiye anali mtsogoleri wa Ayuda pa nkhani zandale. Anasi anaikidwa pa udindowu ndi Kwiriniyasi, yemwe anali kazembe wachiroma wa ku Suriya, mu 6 kapena 7 C.E. Malamulo achirabi amasonyeza kuti mabanja apamwamba achiyuda anali adyera, opereka maudindo kwa azibale awo okhaokha, opondereza, ndiponso achiwawa. Wolemba wina anati poti Anasi anali mkulu wa ansembe, ayenera kuti anaonetsetsa kuti mpongozi wake “akwezedwe msangamsanga pa udindo wa pakachisi; chifukwa Anasi akanatha kum’gwiritsira ntchito kwambiri Kayafa ngati akanakhala pa udindo wapamwamba.”
Valeriyasi Giratasi, yemwe anali kazembe wa Yudeya, anachotsa Anasi pa udindo wake pafupifupi mu 15 C.E. Anthu enanso atatu, kuphatikizapo mmodzi wa ana aamuna a Anasi, anakhala pa udindowu motsatizanatsatizana. Kayafa anakhala mkulu wa ansembe pafupifupi m’chaka cha 18 C.E. Pontiyo Pilato, amene anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe wa Yudeya mu 26 C.E., anamuika paudindowu pa zaka zonse teni zimene Pilatoyo anali kazembe. Kayafa anakhala paudindo kwa nthawi yonse ya utumiki wa Yesu ndi kumayambiriro kwa ulaliki wa ophunzira a Yesu. Koma Kayafa sanasangalale nawo uthenga wachikristu.
Anaopa Yesu, Anaopa Aroma
Kayafa ankaona Yesu ngati munthu winawake woyambitsa chisokonezo, woyenera kusamala naye. Yesu anatsutsa mmene akuluakulu achiyuda ankaonera malamulo a Sabata ndipo anathamangitsa amalonda m’kachisi, n’kunena kuti iwowa asandutsa kachisi kukhala “phanga la achifwamba.” (Luka 19:45, 46) Akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti misika ya m’kachisiyo inali m’manja mwa banja la Anasi, ndipo mwina ichi chinali chifukwa china chimene Kayafa anafuna kum’tsekera pakamwa Yesu. Ansembe aakulu atatumiza asilikali kuti akamange Yesu, anagoma kwambiri ndi mawu ake moti anabwerera chimanjamanja.—Yohane 2:13-17; 5:1-16; 7:14-49.
Taganizirani zimene zinachitika pamene akuluakulu achiyuda anamva kuti Yesu waukitsa Lazaro. Buku la Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane limati: “Ansembe aakulu ndi Afarisi anasonkhanitsa akulu [a Sanihedirini], nanena, Titani ife? chifukwa munthu uyu achita zizindikiro zambiri. Ngati tim’leka Iye kotero, onse adzakhulupirira Iye; ndipo adzadza Aroma nadzachotsa malo athu ndi mtundu wathu.” (Yohane 11:47, 48) A Sanihedirini ankaona kuti Yesu angathe kuchepetsa mphamvu zawo pa chipembedzo ndiponso pa anthu, zomwe zikanawaika pa mavuto ndi Pilato. Kagulu kalikonse kotchuka kamene Aroma akanaona kuti n’kogalukira kakanachititsa kuti Aromawo alowerere pa zochitika za Ayuda, ndipo a Sanihedirini sankafuna ngakhale pang’ono kuti pachitike zoterezi.
Ngakhale kuti analephera kutsutsa zoti Yesu anachita zozizwitsa zazikulu, Kayafa sanasonyeze chikhulupiriro mwa Yesu koma anaganizira kwambiri za ulemerero ndi udindo wake. Zinali zosatheka kuti iyeyu avomereze kuti Yesu anaukitsadi Lazaro. Kayafa anali Msaduki, motero sankakhulupirira za kuuka kwa akufa.—Machitidwe 23:8.
Kuipa kwa Kayafa kunaonekera poyera pamene iyeyu anauza olamulira anzake kuti: “Kapena simuganiza kuti n’kokoma kwa inu kuti munthu mmodzi afere anthu, ndi kuti mtundu wonse usawonongeke.” Nkhaniyo imapitirira motere: “Koma ichi sananena kwa iye yekha; koma pokhala mkulu wa ansembe chaka chomwecho ananenera kuti Yesu akadzafera mtunduwo; ndipo si chifukwa cha mtunduwo wokha ayi, koma kuti akasonkhanitse pamodzi ana a Mulungu akubalalikawo. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira tsiku lomwelo anapangana kuti amuphe [Yesu].”—Yohane 11:49-53.
Kayafa sankadziwa kuti mawu akewo anali ndi tanthauzo lina lapadera. Popeza kuti anali mkulu wa ansembe, iyeyu analosera. * N’zoona kuti imfa ya Yesu inali yopindulitsa, koma osati yopindulitsa Ayuda okha ayi. Nsembe yake ya dipo inapereka njira yomasula anthu onse ku uchimo ndi imfa.
Chiwembu Choti Aphedwe
Ansembe aakulu ndiponso amuna akulu achiyuda anasonkhana ku nyumba ya Kayafa kuti akambirane mmene angagwirire Yesu ndi kumupha. N’zosakayikitsa kuti mkulu wa ansembeyu anathandiza pa nkhani yokambirana ndi Yudasi Isikariote za mtengo woperekera Yesu. (Mateyu 26:3, 4, 14, 15) Komabe, kupha munthu mmodzi yekha sikunali kokwanira kukhutiritsa chiwembu cha Kayafa. ‘Ansembe aakulu anapangana kuti akaphe Lazaronso; pakuti ambiri a Ayuda anakhulupirira Yesu chifukwa cha iye.’—Yohane 12:10, 11.
Malko, yemwe anali kapolo wa Kayafa, anali m’gulu la anthu amene anatumizidwa kukamanga Yesu. Atam’manga, anayamba kupita naye kwa Anasi kuti akam’funse mafunso ndipo kenaka anapita naye kwa Kayafa, amene anali atasonkhanitsa kale amuna akulu achiyuda kuti akamuweruze Yesu usiku, zomwe zinali zosemphana ndi malamulo achiyuda.—Mateyu 26:57; Yohane 18:10, 13, 19-24.
Kayafa sanabwerere m’mbuyo pamene mboni zake zonama zinakanika kunena chimodzi paumboni wawo wofuna kupachikitsa Yesu. Mkulu wa ansembeyu ankadziwa bwino za mmene achiwembu anzakewo ankaonera munthu aliyense wodzitcha Mesiya. Motero anafunsa Yesu kuti anene ngati anali Mesiya. Poyankha, Yesu anauza anthu omutsutsawo kuti adzamuona “ali kukhala kudzanja lamanja la mphamvu, ndi kufika pamitambo yakumwamba.” Pofuna kuoneka ngati wokonda Mulungu kwambiri, mkulu wa ansembeyu anang’amba zovala zake, n’kunena kuti: ‘Wachitira Mulungu mwano; tifuniranji mboni zina?’ A Sanihedrini anavomereza kuti Yesu anali woyenerera kuphedwa.—Mateyu 26:64-66.
Kuti munthu aphedwe Aroma anayenera kuvomereza. Popeza kuti Kayafa ndiye anali mkhalapakati wa Aroma ndi Ayuda n’kutheka kuti iyeyu ndiye anakatula nkhaniyi kwa Pilato. Pamene Pilato anafuna kumasula Yesu, mwina Kayafa anali mmodzi wa ansembe aakulu amene ankakuwa kuti: “Mpachikeni, mpachikeni.” (Yohane 19:4-6) N’kuthekanso kuti Kayafa analimbikitsa chikhamucho kuti chivomereze zoti amasule chigawenga chopha anthu m’malo mwa Yesu ndipo analinso mmodzi wa ansembe aakulu amene ananena mawu achinyengo akuti: “Tilibe Mfumu koma Kaisara.”—Yohane 19:15; Marko 15:7-11.
Kayafa anatsutsa umboni wa kuuka kwa Yesu. Iye analimbana ndi Petro ndiponso Yohane ndipo kenaka analimbana ndi Stefano. Kayafa ndiye analamulanso kuti Saulo amange Mkristu aliyense amene akam’peze ku Damasiko. (Mateyu 28:11-13; Machitidwe 4:1-17; 6:8–7:60; 9:1, 2) Komabe, cha m’ma 36 C.E. Kayafa anachotsedwa pa udindo ndi Vitellius, kazembe wa Aroma wa ku Suriya.
Mabuku a mbiri ya Ayuda sanena zabwino pa nkhani ya banja la Kayafa. Mwachitsanzo, buku la malamulo achiyuda la Talmud la ku Babulo limanena kuti: “Kalanga ine! Ndavutika chifukwa cha anthu a m’banja la Hanin [kapena kuti Anasi], ndavutika ndi manong’onong’o,” kapena kuti “mijedo” yawo. Mawu odandaulawa mwina ankanena za “misonkhano yachinsinsi yokhazikitsira malamulo opondereza anthu.”
Zimene Tingaphunzire pa Moyo wa Kayafa
Katswiri wina wa nkhani zachipembedzo anati akulu a ansembe ayenera kuti anali anthu “amfundo zokhwima komanso ochenjera mwa utambwali, ndipo n’zosakayikitsa kuti analinso anthu odzitukumula.” Kudzitukumula n’kumene kunachititsa kuti Kayafa alephere kuvomereza Mesiya. Motero sitiyenera kudabwa anthu masiku ano akamakana uthenga wa Baibulo. Ena sachita chidwi ndi choonadi cha m’Malemba moti mpaka n’kufika posiya zikhulupiriro zimene amakonda. Ena amaona kuti kukhala anthu wamba olalikira uthenga wabwino n’kudzinyazitsa. Ndipo palinso anthu ena osaona mtima kapena adyera amene sasangalatsidwa ndi mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino zachikristu.
Poti Kayafa anali mkulu wa ansembe, iye akanatha kuthandiza Ayuda anzake kuvomereza Mesiya, koma chifukwa chokonda maudindo iyeyu anaphetsa Yesu. Zikuoneka kuti Kayafa anapitiriza kutsutsana ndi Akristu mpaka kufa kwake. Mbiri ya zochita zake imasonyeza kuti tikafa sikuti amatsala ndi mafupa okha ayi. Zochita zathu zimapanga mbiri yosafufutika pamaso pa Mulungu, kaya yoipa kapena yabwino.
[Mawu a M’munsi]
^ ndime 9 Kuti mudziwe mbiri ya Ahasimoni, werengani Nsanja ya Olonda ya June 15, 2001, tsamba 27 mpaka 30.
^ ndime 19 M’mbuyomo Yehova anagwiritsa ntchito munthu woipa Balamu kunena ulosi woona wokhudza Aisrayeli.—Numeri 23:1–24:24.
[Chithunzi patsamba 10]
Yosefe mwana wa Kayafa
[Chithunzi patsamba 10]
Bokosi limene alitulukira chaposachedwapa
[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 10]
Ossuary, inscription, and cave in background: Courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority