Mawu a Yehova Ndi Amoyo

Mfundo Zazikulu za M’buku la Nehemiya

PANALI patapita zaka 12 chichitikire zinthu zolembedwa kumapeto kwa buku la m’Baibulo la Ezara. Tsopano nthawi ya ‘kutulutsidwa [kwa] lamulo la kukonzanso, ndi kumanga Yerusalemu’ inali itayandikira, zomwe zinasonyeza kuyamba kwa masabata 70 a zaka zokhudza kubwera kwa Mesiya. (Danieli 9:24-27) Buku la Nehemiya lili ndi nkhani ya anthu a Mulungu amene ankagwira ntchito yomanganso linga la Yerusalemu. Limafotokoza za nthawi yofunika kwambiri yoposa zaka 12, kuyambira mu 456 B.C.E. mpaka cha m’ma 443 B.C.E.

Bukuli linalembedwa ndi Kazembe Nehemiya, ndipo muli nkhani yochititsa chidwi yosonyeza mmene kulambira koona kunakwezedwera chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa anthu ndi kudalira Yehova Mulungu ndi mtima wonse. Zikuonetseratu mmene Yehova amatsogolera zinthu kuti akwaniritse chifuniro chake. Ndiponso muli nkhani ya mtsogoleri wamphamvu ndi wolimba mtima. Uthenga wa m’buku la Nehemiya uli ndi maphunziro ofunika kwa olambira onse oona masiku ano, “pakuti mawu a Mulungu ali amoyo, ndi ochitachita.”​—Ahebri 4:12.

“NDIPO LINGA LINATSIRIZIKA”

((Nehemiya 1:1–6:19)

Nehemiya anali ku Susani kunyumba ya mfumu, kutumikira Mfumu Aritasasta Longimenasi pa udindo waukulu. Nehemiya atamva kuti anthu ake “akulukutika kwakukulu, nanyozedwa; ndi linga la Yerusalemu lapasuka, ndi zipata zake zatenthedwa ndi moto,” anasokonezeka maganizo kwambiri. Ndipo anapemphera ndi mtima wonse kwa Mulungu kuti amutsogolere. (Nehemiya 1:3, 4) Patapita nthawi, mfumu inazindikira kuti Nehemiya anali wokhumudwa, ndipo inamulola kuti apite ku Yerusalemu.

Atafika ku Yerusalemu, Nehemiya anayendera lingalo usiku, ndipo anawauza Ayuda mapulani ake oti amangenso lingalo. Ntchito yomanga inayambika. Ndipo adani awo analimbana nawo chifukwa cha ntchitoyo. Komabe motsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri wolimba mtima Nehemiya, ‘lingalo linatsirizika.’​—Nehemiya 6:15.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’malemba:

1:1; 2:1​—Kodi “chaka cha makumi awiri” chimene chikutchulidwa m’mavesi awiriwa chikunena za nyengo imodzi? Inde, chaka cha makumi awiri ndi chaka cha ulamuliro wa Mfumu Aritasasta. Komabe, njira yowerengera imene anagwiritsa ntchito m’mavesiwa ndi yosiyana. Umboni wa zochitika m’mbiri umatchula 475 B.C.E. kuti ndi chaka chimene Aritasasta anakhala mfumu. Popeza kuti mwamwambo wawo, alembi a ku Babulo ankawerenga zaka za ulamuliro wa mafumu a Chiperisiya kuyambira m’mwezi wa Nisani (womwe ndi March mpaka April) mpakana Nisani wa chaka chotsatira, chaka chimene Aritasasta anayamba kulamulira chinayamba mwezi wa Nisani mu 474 B.C.E. Choncho, chaka cha makumi awiri, kapena chaka cha 20 cha ulamuliro chimene chatchulidwa pa Nehemiya 2:1 chinayamba mwezi wa Nisani mu 455 B.C.E. Mwezi wa Kisilevi (womwe ndi November mpaka December) umene watchulidwa pa Nehemiya 1:1 mwachidziwikire unali mwezi wa Kisilevi wa chaka chimene chinali chitangotha, cha 456 B.C.E. Nehemiya anatchula  kuti mwezi umenewo unali wa chaka cha 20 cha ulamuliro wa Aritasasta. Mwina iye anali kuwerenga zaka kuyambira pa deti limene munthu walowera ufumu, apo ayi n’kuthekanso kuti anagwiritsa ntchito kalendala ya boma imene Ayuda amagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano, yomwe imayamba ndi mwezi wa Tishiri, womwe ndi September mpaka October. Mulimonsemo, chaka chimene mawu oti Yerusalemu amangidwenso ananenedwa chinali cha 455 B.C.E.

4:17, 18​—Kodi munthu angagwire bwanji ntchito yomanga ndi dzanja limodzi? Zimenezi sizingakhale zovuta kwa anthu amene asenza katundu. Akaika katundu pamutu kapena paphewa, angagwire katunduyo ndi dzanja limodzi ndipo dzanja ‘linalo angagwire chida.’ Omanga amene anafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito manja onse awiri, ‘anamangirira lupanga lawo m’chiuno mwawo nagwira ntchito motero.’ Anali okonzeka kudziteteza adani atawaukira.

5:7​—Kodi Nehemiya ‘anatsutsana nawo motani aufulu ndi olamulira’? Anthu amenewa anali kuwadyera Ayuda anzawo masuku pamutu, kumene kunali kuphwanya Chilamulo cha Mose. (Levitiko 25:36; Deuteronomo 23:19) Kuwonjezera apo, phindu limene obwereketsa anzawo katundu ankafuna linali lokwera. Kupereka “magawo zana” mwezi uliwonse, n’chimodzimodzi ndi kupereka 12 peresenti pachaka. (Nehemiya 5:11) Anthuwa anali kale ndi vuto lopereka msonkho wokwera ndiponso la kuperewera kwa chakudya. Motero zinali nkhanza kuwaumiriza kupereka magawo zana amenewa. Nehemiya anagwiritsa ntchito Chilamulo cha Mulungu potsutsana ndi anthu olemera ndipo anawadzudzula moti kulakwa kwawo kunaonekera poyera.

6:5​—Popeza kuti makalata achinsinsi ankawaika m’thumba lomata, n’chifukwa chiyani Sanibalati anatumiza “kalata wosatseka” kwa Nehemiya? Mwina Sanibalati potumiza kalata yosatsekayo anali n’cholinga chakuti bodza limene iwowo anam’namizira Nehemiya lifalikire kwa anthu onse. Kapena Sanibalati anali ndi chiyembekezo chakuti zimenezi zim’kwiyitsa kwambiri Nehemiya mpaka asiya ntchito yomanga n’kupita kwa iye kuti akam’tsutse. Kapenanso Sanibalati anaganiza kuti kalatayo ipatsa mantha Ayuda mpaka asiyiratu kugwira ntchito. Nehemiya sanachite mantha ndipo anapitiriza kugwira ntchito yake imene Mulungu anam’tuma mtima uli m’malo.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

1:4; 2:4; 4:4, 5. Tikakumana ndi zovuta kapena tikamasankha zinthu zofunika, tiyenera ‘kulimbika chilimbikire m’kupemphera’ ndi kutsatira malangizo a Mulungu.​—Aroma 12:12.

1:11–2:8; 4:4, 5, 15, 16; 6:16. Yehova amayankha mapemphero ochokera pansi pa mtima a atumiki ake.​—Salmo 86:6, 7.

1:4; 4:19, 20; 6:3, 15. Nehemiya anali munthu wachifundo, koma anasonyeza chitsanzo chabwino pokhala munthu wachangu ndi wolimba pochita chilungamo.

1:11–2:3. Nehemiya anakhala ndi chimwemwe chifukwa chopititsa patsogolo kulambira koona, osati chifukwa cha udindo wake wapamwamba woperekera zakumwa kwa mfumu. Nafenso tizisangalala kwambiri ndi kulambira Yehova ndiponso ndi zinthu zonse zokhudza kulambirako.

2:4-8. Yehova ndi amene anapangitsa Aritasasta kuti apatse Nehemiya chilolezo chopita kukamanganso linga la Yerusalemu. Lemba la Miyambo 21:1 limati: “Mtima  wa mfumu uli m’dzanja la Yehova ngati mitsinje ya madzi; aulozetsa komwe afuna.”

3:5, 27. Tisamadzione ngati apamwamba kwambiri moti sitingathe kugwira ntchito zimene zimaoneka ngati zonyozeka zopititsa patsogolo kulambira koona, monga mmene anachitira Atekoa “omveka,” kapena kuti apamwamba. M’malo mwake, titsanzire Atekoa omwe sanali omveka aja amene anadzipereka mwa kufuna kwawo.

3:10, 23, 28-30. Ena asankha kusamukira kumalo komwe alaliki a Ufumu akusowa kwambiri, pamene ambirife timachirikiza kulambira koona pafupi ndi kumene tikukhala. Timachita zimenezo pomanga nawo Nyumba za Ufumu ndi kupereka chithandizo pakaoneka tsoka, ndiponso makamaka pochita nawo ntchito yolalikira za Ufumu.

4:14. Tikamatsutsidwa, ifenso mantha onse angathe tikamaganizira za “wamkulu ndi woopsa.”

5:14-19. Kwa oyang’anira achikristu, Kazembe Nehemiya ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kudzichepetsa, kusadzikonda, ndi kuzindikira. Ngakhale kuti Nehemiya anali wachangu polimbikitsa anthu kutsatira Chilamulo cha Mulungu, iye sankalamulira ena chifukwa cha dyera. M’malo mwake, anakhudzidwa mtima ndi anthu oponderezedwa ndiponso osauka. Mwa kusonyeza kuolowa manja, Nehemiya anapereka chitsanzo chapadera kwa atumiki onse a Mulungu.

“MUNDIKUMBUKIRE MULUNGU WANGA, CHINDIKOMERE”

(Nehemiya 7:1–13:31)

Linga la Yerusalemu litangomalizidwa, Nehemiya anaika zipata ndi kukonza za mmene angatetezere mzindawo. Nehemiya analemba buku la mibadwo ya anthu. Pamene anthu onse anasonkhana “ku khwalala lili ku chipata cha kumadzi,” wansembe Ezara anawerenga buku la Chilamulo cha Mose, ndipo Nehemiya ndi Alevi anatanthauzira Chilamulocho kwa anthu. (Nehemiya 8:1) Chifukwa choti anaphunzira za Madyerero a Misasa iwo anachita madyererowo mwachimwemwe.

Anasonkhananso nthawi imene “mbumba ya Israyeli” inaulula zochimwa zawo, ndipo Alevi anafotokozanso zimene Mulungu anachitira mtundu wa Israyeli, ndiponso anthu analumbira “kuti adzayenda m’chilamulo cha Mulungu” woona. (Nehemiya 9:1, 2; 10:29) Popeza kuti mzinda wa Yerusalemu unali udakali ndi anthu ochepa, anachita maere kuti mwamuna mmodzi pa amuna khumi alionse amene ankakhala kunja kwa mzindawo asamukire mu mzindawo. Kenako, anatsegulira lingalo ndi chisangalalo chachikulu moti ‘chikondwerero cha Yerusalemu chinamveka kutali.’ (Nehemiya 12:43) Patapita zaka 12 chibwerere ku Yerusalemu, Nehemiya anachoka ndi kubwerera kukapitiriza udindo wake kwa mfumu Aritasasta. Posapita nthawi Ayuda anayamba kuchita zodetsa. Nehemiya atabwereranso ku Yerusalemu, anachitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti akonze zomwe zinalakwikazo. Iye anapempha modzichepetsa kuti: “Mundikumbukire, Mulungu wanga, chindikomere.”​—Nehemiya 13:31.

Kuyankha Mafunso a M’malemba:

7:6-67​—N’chifukwa chiyani mndandanda womwe Nehemiya analemba wa otsalira andende amene anabwerera ku Yerusalemu ndi Zerubabele uli wosiyana ndi wa Ezara pa chiwerengero cha anthu a banja lililonse? (Ezara 2:1-65) N’kutheka kuti kusiyana kumeneku kunachitika chifukwa chakuti Ezara ndi Nehemiya anazitenga kosiyana ziwerengero zimenezo. Mwachitsanzo,  chiwerengero cha anthu amene analembetsa kuti abwerere chingathe kusiyana ndi chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu amene anabwerera. Mwinanso ziwerengerozo zikusiyana chifukwa chakuti Ayuda ena amene sanazindikire mbadwo wawo poyambirira anadzauzindikira pambuyo pake. Komabe, nkhani zonse ziwirizi, zimagwirizana pa mfundo imodzi, yakuti: Anthu onse omwe anabwerera anali 42,360, osawerengera akapolo ndi oimba.

10:34​—N’chifukwa chiyani anthu ankafunika kupereka nkhuni? M’Chilamulo cha Mose munalibe lamulo la chopereka cha nkhuni. Koma panthawiyi anayenera kutero. Chifukwa chake n’chakuti panafunika nkhuni zambiri zowotchera nsembe pa guwa. Zikuoneka ngati panalibe Anetini okwanira, akapolo a pakachisi omwe sanali Aisrayeli. Choncho, anachita maere otsimikiza kuti nkhuni zizipezeka nthawi zonse.

13:6​—Kodi Nehemiya sanakhale ku Yerusalemu kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji? Baibulo limangonena kuti “atapita masiku ena,” Nehemiya anapempha kwa mfumu kuti abwerere ku Yerusalemu. N’chifukwa chake kuli kovuta kudziwa za kutalika kwa nthawi imene sanakhale ku Yerusalemu. Atabwerera ku Yerusalemu, Nehemiya anapeza kuti anthu anasiya kuthandiza ansembe, ndipo sanali kutsatira lamulo la Sabata. Ambiri anakwatira akazi achilendo, ndipo ana awo sankalankhula n’komwe chinenero cha Ayuda. Kuti zinthu zifike poipa chomwechi, ndiye kuti Nehemiya ayenera kuti anachoka ku Yerusalemu kwa nthawi yaitali.

13:25, 28​—Kuwonjezera pa ‘kutsutsana nawo’ Ayuda amene analowerera, kodi Nehemiya anachitanso chiyani? Nehemiya ‘anawatemberera’ potchulanso ziweruzo zopezeka m’Chilamulo cha Mulungu. ‘Anakantha ena a iwo,’ mwina polamula kuti alangidwe. Posonyeza kuipidwa ‘anawamwetula tsitsi lawo.’ Anapitikitsanso mdzukulu wa Mkulu wa Ansembe Eliasibu, amene anakwatira mwana wa Sanibalati Mhoroni.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo:

8:8. Monga aphunzitsi a Mawu a Mulungu, ‘timamveketsa’ mawuwo powatchula ndi kuwalankhula bwino ndiponso polongosola Malemba molondola, ndi kumveketsa bwino mmene angagwiritsidwire ntchito.

8:10. “Chimwemwe cha Yehova” chimabwera chifukwa chodziwa ndi kukwaniritsa chosowa chauzimu cha munthu ndiponso kutsatira malangizo auzimu. Tifunika kwambiri kuphunzira Baibulo mwakhama, kufika pa misonkhano yachikristu nthawi zonse, ndi kugwira nawo mwachangu ntchito yolalikira za Ufumu ndi kupanga ophunzira.

11:2. Kuti munthu asiye cholowa chake n’kusamukira mu Yerusalemu anayenera kuwonongapo chuma chake ndiponso kusiya zinthu zina zabwino. Amene anadzipereka kuchita zimenezi anasonyeza mzimu wodzimana. Ifenso tingasonyeze mzimu wofananawu pamene mwayi wapezeka woti tichite utumiki wodzipereka m’malo mwa ena pa misonkhano yachigawo ngakhale pa zochitika zina.

12:31, 38, 40-42. Kuimba ndi njira yabwino yotamanda ndi kusonyeza kuyamikira Yehova. Tiyenera kumaimba ndi mtima wonse pa misonkhano yachikristu.

13:4-31. Tiyenera kusamala kuti kukonda chuma, katangale, ndi mpatuko zisakhale ndi malo m’moyo mwathu.

13:22. Nehemiya anazindikira kuti Mulungu anali kuona zochita zake. Ifenso tiyenera kuzindikira kuti Yehova amaona zochita zathu.

Madalitso a Yehova N’ngofunika!

Wamasalmo anaimba kuti: “Akapanda kumanga nyumba Yehova, akuimanga agwiritsa ntchito chabe.” (Salmo 127:1) Buku la Nehemiya likutsimikizira kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi yoona.

Phunziro kwa ife m’bukuli ndi losavuta kumva. Ngati tikufuna kuti chilichonse chimene tikuchita chitiyendere bwino, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tikukondweretsa Yehova. Ngati sitikutsogoza kulambira koona m’moyo mwathu, kodi tingayembekezere kuti Yehova atidalitsa? Mongatu Nehemiya, tiyeni tione kulambira Yehova ndiponso kupititsa patsogolo kulambira kumeneko kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri.

[Chithunzi patsamba 8]

“Mtima wa mfumu uli m’dzanja la Yehova ngati mitsinje ya madzi”

[Chithunzi patsamba 9]

Nehemiya, munthu wachangu ndi wachifundo, abwera ku Yerusalemu

[Zithunzi pamasamba 10, 11]

Kodi mukudziwa mmene ‘mungamveketsere’ Mawu a Mulungu?