Kufufuza Choonadi

LAURA FERMI, mkazi wa Enrico Fermi, katswiri wodziwika ndi zasayansi ya kapangidwe ka zinthu anati: “Kudziwa n’kwabwino koposa kusadziwa.” Anthu ena angatsutse zimenezi n’kumati chinthu chimene munthu sakudziwa sichingam’bweretsere mavuto. Komabe, kwa anthu ambiri, zimene Fermi ananena n’zoona, osati kokha m’zasayansi komanso m’mbali zina za moyo. Umbuli, kutanthauza kusadziwa choonadi, wapangitsa anthu ambiri kudzandira mu mdima wa maganizo, wa makhalidwe, ndiponso wauzimu.​—Aefeso 4:18.

N’chifukwa chake anthu oganiza bwino amafufuza choonadi. Iwo amafuna kudziwa kuti, n’chifukwa chiyani tili ndi moyo ndiponso n’chiyani chimene chidzatichitikire m’tsogolo? Iwo afufuza choonadi m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule zina mwa njirazi.

Kodi Choonadi Chingapezeke M’zipembedzo?

Malinga ndi zimene Abuda amakhulupirira, Siddhārtha Gautama, amene anayambitsa chipembedzo cha Chibuda, anavutika kwambiri maganizo chifukwa cha mavuto a anthu ndi imfa. Iye anafunsa aphunzitsi a Chihindu kuti am’thandize kupeza “njira ya choonadi.” Ena mwa aziphunzitsiwa anati yoga ndiponso kudzimana kotheratu ndizo njira zabwino. Mapeto ake, Gautama anasankha kusinkhasinkha kuti apeze choonadi.

Ena agwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pofufuza choonadi. Mwachitsanzo, masiku ano anthu a tchalitchi cha Native American amati, mtundu wina wa nkhadze umene uli ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo “umaulula nzeru zobisika.”

Katswiri wina wa maphunziro ofufuza nzeru zapamwamba wa m’zaka za m’ma 1700, dzina lake Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ankakhulupirira kuti munthu amene amafufuza choonadi moona mtima angalandire vumbulutso lauzimu lochokera kwa Mulungu. Motani? Mwa kumvetsera “zimene Mulungu akutiuza mumtima.” Rousseau anati: “Mogwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri zilipozi, chitsogozo chodalirika cha munthu” ndi mmene iye amaonera zinthu, zimene mtima wake ndi chikumbumtima chake chikumuuza.​—History of Western Philosophy.

Kodi Choonadi Chingapezeke mu Nzeru Zaumunthu?

Ambiri mwa anzake a Rousseau ankatsutsa mwamphamvu chipembedzo cha mtundu umenewo. Mwachitsanzo, Mfalansa mnzake dzina lake Voltaire, ankakhulupirira kuti, m’malo mounikira anthu, chipembedzo n’chimene chinayambitsa zinthu monga umbuli, zikhulupiriro zopanda tanthauzo, ndi nkhanza ku Ulaya, zimene zinakhalako kwa zaka zambiri, pa nthawi imene olemba mbiri ena amaitchula kuti Nyengo ya Mdima.

Voltaire analowa m’gulu lokonda nzeru zosiyanasiyana la ku Ulaya  lodziwika ndi kufufuza choonadi. Anthu amene anali m’gululi anayamba kutsatira mfundo za Agiriki akale, zimene zinali zonena kuti, munthu angadziwe choonadi potsatira nzeru zaumunthu ndiponso kafukufuku wa sayansi. Munthu wina wa m’gululi Bernard de Fontenelle, anaganiza kuti chifukwa cha nzeru yaumunthu, mtundu wa anthu udzalowa “m’zaka 100 zimene anthu azidzazindikira choonadi tsiku ndi tsiku, moti zaka mazana ambiri zaumbuli za m’mbuyomo sizidzafanana m’pang’ono pomwe ndi zaka zimenezi.”​—Encyclopædia Britannica.

Amenewa ndi ena chabe mwa maganizo otsutsana a mmene choonadi chingapezedwere. Kodi pali “chitsogozo chodalirika” chimene chingatithandize kufufuza choonadi? Taonani zimene nkhani yotsatirayi ikulongosola ponena za gwero lodalirika la choonadi.

[Zithunzi patsamba 3]

Gautama (Buddha), Rousseau, ndi Voltaire anayesa njira zosiyanasiyana pofufuza choonadi