Tiyeni Timutsatire Paulo Paulendo wa ku Bereya
Tiyeni Timutsatire Paulo Paulendo wa ku Bereya
Ntchito yolalikira ya amishonale awiri inayenda bwino kwambiri ndipo anthu ambiri anakhulupirira. Kenaka, chigulu cha anthu chinawaukira. Motero anaganiza zoti achoke tsiku lomwelo, pakati pa usiku. Anatero pofuna kuti mpingo watsopano usasokonezeke ndiponso pofuna kudziteteza. Motero, Paulo ndi Sila anathawa kuchoka kugombe la Tesalonika kudera la Makedoniya. Zimenezi zinachitika cha m’ma 50 C.E. Zitatero, anayamba ulendo wopita kukalalikira ku mzinda wina wotchedwa Bereya.
MLENDO amene wapita ku derali, angathe kuona mzinda wa Bereya (Véroia) womwe uli cha kum’mawa, m’mphepete mwa phiri lowirira lotchedwa Bermios. Mzindawo uli pa mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 65 kummwera cha kumadzulo kwa Tesalonika ndipo ulinso pa mtunda wa makilomita 40 kuchoka ku nyanja ya Aegean. Kummwera kuli phiri la Olympus, lomwe m’nthano zakale amati kunkakhala milungu yakale ya Agiriki.
Mzinda wa Bereya ndi wodziwika kwa ophunzira Baibulo chifukwa ndi kumene Paulo anakalalikira ndi kutembenuza anthu ambiri kukhala Akhristu. (Machitidwe 17:10-15) Tiyeni tim’tsatire Paulo paulendo wake wa ku Bereya ndi kuonanso bwinobwino mbiri ya mzindawo.
Mbiri Yake
Palibe amene akudziwa kuti mzinda wa Bereya unakhazikitsidwa liti. N’kutheka kuti anthu oyamba kukhala mu mzindawo anali mafuko a anthu a ku Fulugiya, ndipo Amakedoniya anathamangitsa anthuwa cha m’zaka za m’ma 600 B.C.E. Patatha zaka 300, dera la Makedoniya linatukuka kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo zimene Alesandro Wamkulu anapambana. Anamanga nyumba ndi mipanda yadzaoneni ndipo anamanganso nyumba zopatulika za milungu ya Agiriki monga Zeu, Atemi, Apolo, ndiponso Atena.
Buku lina la mbiri yakale linati pa zaka zambiri zotsatira mzinda wa Bereya “unali wofunikira kwambiri m’chigawo chimene unali ndiponso m’chigawo chonse cha kumpoto m’dziko la Girisi.” Mzindawo unafika pachimake pa chitukuko muulamuliro wa a Antigonasi (kuyambira 306 mpaka 168 B.C.E.) omwe anali mafumu otsiriza a ufumu wa Makedoniya. Patsogolo pake iwowa anagonjetsedwa ndi Aroma.
Buku lina (Encyclopædia Britannica) linati pamene Aroma anagonjetsa Mfumu Philip wachisanu mu 197 B.C.E., “ulamuliro umene unali wamphamvu kale unagonjetsedwa ndipo ufumu wa Roma unakula mphamvu kum’mawa kwa Danieli 7:6, 7, 23) Motero mzinda wa Bereya unali m’gulu la mizinda yoyamba ku Makedoniya kugonjera kwa Aroma.
nyanja ya Mediterranean.” Mu chaka cha 168 B.C.E. kazembe wachiroma anagonjetseratu mfumu yotsiriza ya ku Makedoniya dzina lake Perseus. Zimenezi zinachitikira ku Pydna pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kummwera kwa Bereya. Monga momwe Baibulo linalosera, ufumu wa Aroma unalowa m’malo mwa ufumu wa Girisi monga ufumu wamphamvu padziko lonse. (Chisanafike chaka cha 100 B.C.E., kudera la Makedoniya kunachitika nkhondo pakati pa Pompeyi ndi Kaisara Juliasi. Pompeyi anakhazikitsa likulu pafupi ndi Bereya ndi kuikako asilikali ake.
Unatukuka mu Ulamuliro wa Aroma
Panthawi yotchedwa Mtendere wa Aroma (Pax Romana), alendo ofika ku Bereya anapeza kuli misewu yowakidwa ndi miyala yomwe inali ndi mizati m’mphepete mwake. Mzindawo unali ndi malo osambira anthu onse, mabwalo a zisudzo, nyumba zosungiramo mabuku, ndi malo a nkhonya za maferano. Ankamwa madzi a m’mapaipi omwe ankadutsa pansi pa mzindawo. Mzinda wa Bereya unatchuka pa zachuma ndipo kunkafika a zamalonda, akatswiri a luso losiyanasiyana, ndi a zamasewera. Kunkabweranso odzaonerera masewera ndi zosangalatsa zosiyanasiyana. Alendo sankavutika kupeza malo olambirira mogwirizana ndi zipembedzo zawo. Tingoti mzindawo unali ngati nkhumano ya anthu okonda zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu ufumu wonse wa Aroma.
Mafumu a Aroma amene anafa anali m’gulu la milungu imene anthu a ku Bereya ankalambira. Kulambira mafumu sikunali kwachilendo kwa
anthu a ku Bereya chifukwa anali atalambirapo kale mfumu Alesandro Wamkulu. Buku lina lachigiriki linati: “Agiriki anali atazolowera kale kulemekeza mafumu ngati mulungu, mafumuwo adakali moyo. Motero, zinali zosavuta kwa Agiriki a kum’mawa kwa ufumu wa Aroma kulemekezanso chimodzimodzi mafumu achiroma . . . Pandalama zawo zachitsulo panali mfumu yachiroma yooneka ngati mulungu wawo itavala nduwira yonyezimira. M’mapemphero awo ankam’tamanda ngati mulungu ndipo ankaimba nyimbo zomutamanda.” Anamanga maguwa ndi akachisi ndipo ankaperekako nsembe kwa iye. Ngakhale mafumu ankapita ku zikondwerero zolambira mafumu, komwe kunkakhala mpikisano wa zamasewera, zojambulajambula, ndi zolembalemba.N’chifukwa chiyani mzinda wa Bereya unali likulu la kulambira kwachikunja? N’chifukwa choti mzindawo unali likulu la nthumwi zochokera ku mizinda yonse ya m’dera la Makedoniya. Nthumwizi zinkakumana kawirikawiri ku Bereya kuti zikambirane nkhani zokhudza mizinda ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndi kuyendetsa nkhanizi mogwirizana ndi malamulo a Aroma. Ntchito imodzi yofunika kwambiri ya nthumwizi inali kuyang’anira zikondwerero zolambira mafumu.
Motero pamene Paulo ndi Sila anathawa ku Tesalonika anapita mumzinda woterewu. Panthawiyi n’kuti mzinda wa Bereya utakhala m’manja mwa Aroma kwa zaka 200.
Uthenga Wabwino Ufika ku Bereya
Atafika ku Bereya, Paulo anayamba kulalikira m’sunagoge wa mumzindawo. Kodi anthu anamvetsera? Baibulo limati Ayuda a kumeneko “anali a maganizo apamwamba kuposa a ku Tesalonika aja. Pakuti iwowa analandira mawuwo ndi chidwi chachikulu kwambiri. Anali kufufuza Malemba mosamala tsiku ndi tsiku kuti aone ngati zinthuzo zinalidi choncho.” (Machitidwe 17:10, 11) Pakuti iwowa anali ndi “maganizo apamwamba,” sanaumirire miyambo yawo. Ngakhale kuti zimene anamvazo zinali zachilendo, sanazikayikire kapena kukwiya nazo. Sanatsutse uthenga wa Paulo, koma anamvetsera mwachidwi kuti amve kaye bwinobwino uthengawo popanda kufulumira kuutsutsa.
Kodi Ayuda amenewo akanadziwa bwanji ngati uthenga wa Paulo unali woona? Anaunika uthengawo ndi muuni wodalirika kwambiri wofufuzira zinthu. Anatero pofufuza Malemba mosamala ndiponso mwakhama. Katswiri wa maphunziro a Baibulo dzina lake Matthew Henry anati: “Popeza kuti Paulo anagwiritsa ntchito malemba pokambirana nawo, ndi kuwasonyeza malembawo mu Chipangano Chakale, iwowo paokha akanatha kutsimikizira zimenezi m’Mabaibulo awo. Akanathanso
kuwerenga malemba amene anawafotokozera ndi kuwerenga nkhani yake yonse ndi kudziwa cholinga chake. Motero, akanatha kuona kugwirizana kwa malembawa ndi malemba ena, n’kuona bwinobwino ngati Paulo anawagwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi molondola komanso ngati mfundo zake zofotokoza malembawo zinalidi zomveka. Motero zinali kwa iwo kukhulupirira uthenga wa Paulo kapena ayi.”Uku sikunali kungowerenga kamodzi mwa apo ndi apo. Anthu a ku Bereya ankawerenga Malemba nthawi zonse mwakhama ndipo ankatero tsiku lililonse, osati la Sabata lokha.
Ndiyeno taganizirani zimene zinachitika. Ayuda ambiri a ku Bereya anakhulupirira uthengawo n’kukhala Akhristu. Agiriki ambiri ndithu, mwinanso ena amene anali otembenukira ku Chiyuda, anakhalanso Akhristu. Koma ena sanasangalale nazo. Mwachitsanzo, Ayuda a ku Tesalonika atamva zimenezi, anafika ku Bereya mwamsanga “kukasonkhezera anthu ndi kuutsa mkwiyo wawo.”—Machitidwe 17:4, 12, 13.
Paulo sakanachitira mwina koma kuchoka ku Bereya ndipo anapitiriza kulalikira ku madera ena. Panthawiyi anayenda pa ngalawa yopita ku Atene. (Machitidwe 17:14, 15) Komabe, anasangalala kuti Chikhristu chinazika mizu ku Bereya chifukwa cha ntchito yake. Ndipo tikunena pano chikubala zipatso.
Panopa, ku Bereya kudakali anthu ena amene amafufuzabe Malemba mosamala pofuna ‘kutsimikizira zinthu zonse’ ndi ‘kugwira zolimba’ zinthu zomwe zili zoonadi ndi zotsimikizirika. (1 Atesalonika 5:21) Mumzindawo muli mipingo iwiri ya Mboni za Yehova. Monga Paulo, anthu a m’mipingoyi amalalikira pouza ena uthenga wa m’Baibulo. Amafufuza anthu oona mtima ndi kukambirana nawo Malemba, motero mphamvu ya Baibulo imathandiza anthu onsewa omwe amafuna kudziwa Yehova, Mulungu woona.—Aheberi 4:12.
[Mapu patsamba 13]
(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)
Awa ndi madera ena amene Paulo anafikako pa ulendo wake wachiwiri waumishonale
MUSIYA
Torowa
Neapoli
Filipi
MAKEDONIYA
Amfipoli
Tesalonika
Bereya
GIRISI
Atene
Korinto
AKAYA
ASIYA
Efeso
RODE
[Chithunzi patsamba 13]
Ndalama yasiliva yomwe pali Alesandro Wamkulu akuoneka ngati mulungu wa Agiriki
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Coin: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Chithunzi patsamba 14]
Khomo lolowera ku malo kumene kumakhala Ayuda ku Bereya (Véroia)
[Chithunzi patsamba 15]
Sunagoge wakale mumzinda wamakono wa Bereya (Véroia)