Zinthu Zimene Tiyenera Kuthawa

“Ana a njoka inu, ndani wakuchenjezani kuti muthawe mkwiyo umene ukubwerawo?”​—MAT. 3:7.

1. Kodi m’Baibulo muli zitsanzo zotani za kuthawa?

KODI mukamva mawu akuti “thawani,” mumaganiza chiyani? Ena angakumbukire nkhani ya mnyamata wokongola Yosefe, akuthawa mkazi wa Potifara, yemwe anafuna kum’gwira kuti agone naye. (Gen. 39:7-12) Enanso angaganize za nkhani ya Akhristu amene anathawa ku Yerusalemu m’chaka cha 66 C.E., pomvera chenjezo la Yesu lakuti: “Mukadzaona Yerusalemu atazingidwa ndi magulu ankhondo, . . . pamenepo amene ali mu Yudeya adzayambe kuthawira ku mapiri, ndipo amene ali mkati mwa mzindawo adzatulukemo.”​—Luka 21:20, 21.

2, 3. (a) Kodi mfundo ya Yohane Mbatizi inali yotani podzudzula atsogoleri achipembedzo? (b) Kodi Yesu anati chiyani potsindika chenjezo la Yohane?

² Zitsanzo zimene tatchulazi zikunena za kuthawa kwenikweni, kuchoka malo ena kupita kwina. Masiku ano Akhristu, pafupifupi m’dziko lililonse, akufunika kuthawa mwamsangamsanga koma mophiphiritsa. Yohane Mbatizi anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti ‘thawani’ mophiphiritsa. Ena mwa anthu amene anabwera kudzaona Yohane anali atsogoleri achipembedzo cha Chiyuda. Atsogoleriwa anali kudziona kuti ndi olungama ndiponso osafunikira kulapa. Iwo ankanyoza anthu wamba omwe anali kubatizidwa posonyeza kulapa kwawo. Mopanda mantha, Yohane anavumbula chinyengo chawo ponena kuti: “Ana a njoka inu, ndani wakuchenjezani kuti muthawe mkwiyo umene ukubwerawo? Ndiyetu mubale zipatso zosonyeza kulapa.”​—Mat. 3:7, 8.

³ Apa Yohane sanali kunena za kuthawa kwenikweni, kuchoka malo ena kupita kwina. Iye anali kuwachenjeza za chiweruzo kapena kuti tsiku la mkwiyo limene linali kubwera. Ndipo anauza atsogoleri achipembedzowo kuti ngati akufuna kupulumuka tsikulo, anafunika kubala zipatso zosonyeza kulapa. Panthawi ina Yesu mopanda mantha anadzudzula atsogoleriwo, amene mtima wawo wambanda unasonyeza kuti atate wawo weniweni anali Mdyerekezi. (Yoh. 8:44) Potsindika chenjezo la Yohane, Yesu anawatcha “ana a mphiri” ndipo anawafunsa kuti: “Mudzathawa bwanji chiweruzo cha Gehena?” (Mat. 23:33) Kodi Yesu anatanthauza chiyani ponena kuti “Gehena”?

4. Kodi Yesu anatanthauza chiyani pochenjeza za “Gehena”?

⁴ Gehena anali malo m’chigwa chimene chinali kunja kwa linga la Yerusalemu, kumene ankatentherako zinyalala ndi nyama zakufa. Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti Gehena kuimira imfa yamuyaya. (Onani tsamba 27.) Powafunsa ngati adzathawe Gehena, Yesu anasonyeza kuti gulu la atsogoleri achipembedzowa linayenera chiwonongeko chotheratu.​—Mat. 5:22, 29.

5. Malinga ndi zimene mbiri yakale imasonyeza, kodi zimene Yohane ndi Yesu anachenjeza zinachitika bwanji?

⁵ Atsogoleri achiyuda anawonjezera machimo awo pozunza Yesu ndi otsatira ake. Kenako tsiku la mkwiyo wa Mulungu linawafikira monga mmene Yohane ndi Yesu anachenjezera. Panthawi imeneyo, ‘mkwiyo wobwerawo’ unakhudza dera la Yerusalemu ndi Yudeya basi, choncho zinali zotheka kuthawira kwina. Mkwiyowo unafika pamene Yerusalemu ndi kachisi wake anawonongedwa ndi asilikali a Roma mu 70 C.E. “Chisautso” chimenecho chinali chachikulu kuposa chilichonse chimene chinachitikapo ku Yerusalemu. Anthu ambiri anaphedwa ndipo enanso ambiri anatengedwa ukapolo. Zimenezi zinaimira chiwonongeko chachikulu chimene anthu omwe amati ndi Akhristu ndiponso anthu a m’zipembedzo zina adzakumana nacho.​—Mat. 24:21.

 Thawani Mkwiyo Ukubwerawo

6. Kodi chinachitika n’chiyani mumpingo woyambirira wachikhristu?

⁶ Ena mwa Akhristu oyambirira anakhala ampatuko ndipo anthu ena anawatsatira. (Mac. 20:29, 30) Pamene atumwi a Yesu anali ndi moyo, anali ngati ‘choletsa’ mpatuko umenewo, koma atamwalira, panakhala magulu ambiri a Akhristu onyenga. Masiku ano, m’mayiko a Matchalitchi Achikhristu muli zipembedzo zambiri zosagwirizana pa ziphunzitso zawo. Baibulo linaneneratu za kukhalapo kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo m’Matchalitchi Achikhristu. Powafotokoza monga gulu, linawatchula kuti “munthu wosamvera malamulo” komanso kuti, “mwana wa chiwonongeko . . . amene Ambuye Yesu adzam’thetsa . . . pomuwonongeratu [pa] kuonekera kwa kukhalapo kwake.”​—2 Ates. 2:3, 6-8.

7. N’chifukwa chiyani mawu akuti “munthu wosamvera malamulo” akuyenerera atsogoleri a Matchalitchi Achikhristu?

⁷ Atsogoleri a Matchalitchi Achikhristu ndi osamvera malamulo chifukwa chakuti asocheretsa anthu ambirimbiri mwa kulimbikitsa ziphunzitso zawo, maholide, ndi khalidwe losagwirizana ndi Baibulo. Mofanana ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo amene Yesu anawadzudzula, masiku ano anthu amene ali m’gulu la “mwana wa chiwonongeko,” akuyembekezera chiwonongeko ndipo sadzaukitsidwa. (2 Ates. 1:6-9) Nanga n’chiyani chidzachitikira anthu amene asocheretsedwa ndi atsogoleri a Matchalitchi Achikhristu komanso a zipembedzo zina zonyenga? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, tiyeni tikambirane zimene zinachitika m’mbuyomo Yerusalemu atawonongedwa mu 607 B.C.E.

“Thawani Pakati pa Baibulo”

8, 9. (a) Kodi Yeremiya anawauza uthenga wotani Ayuda amene anali ku ukapolo ku Babulo? (b) Babulo atagonjetsedwa ndi Amedi ndi Aperisi, kodi Ayuda anathawa motani?

⁸ Mneneri Yeremiya analosera za kuwonongedwa kwa Yerusalemu kumene kunachitika mu 607 B.C.E. Ananena kuti anthu a Mulungu adzatengedwa ukapolo koma adzabwereranso ku dziko lawo patadutsa “zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri.” (Yer. 29:4, 10) Yeremiya anali ndi uthenga wofunikira kwambiri kwa Ayuda omwe anali akapolo ku Babulo. Uthengawo unali wakuti iwo asadetsedwe ndi chipembedzo chonyenga cha ku Babulo. Akakhala osadetsedwa, ndiye kuti adzakhala okonzeka kubwerera ku Yerusalemu ndi kukakhazikitsanso kulambira koyera nthawi yake ikadzafika. Ndipo nthawiyo inafikadi pamene Amedi ndi Aperisi anagonjetsa Babulo mu 539 B.C.E. Mfumu ya Aperisi, Koresi Wachiwiri, inalamula Ayuda kubwerera kwawo ndi kukamanganso kachisi wa Yehova ku Yerusalemu.​—Ezara 1:1-4.

⁹ Ayuda ambiri anagwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu ndi kubwerera kwawo. (Ezara 2:64-67) Mwa kuchita zimenezi, iwo anamvera lamulo limene linaperekedwa mu ulosi wa Yeremiya, ndipo lamuloli linaphatikizapo kuthawa kwenikweni n’kupita dera lina. (Werengani Yeremiya 51:6, 45, 50.) Koma chifukwa cha zovuta zina, Ayuda ena sanathe kubwerera ku Yerusalemu ndi ku Yuda. Amene anatsala ku Babulowo, monga mneneri wokalamba Danieli, akanadalitsidwabe ndi Mulungu malinga ngati akanachirikiza ndi mtima wonse kulambira koyera ku Yerusalemu, ndiponso ngati akanapewa kulambira konyenga kwa Ababulo.

10. Kodi “Babulo Wamkulu” ali ndi mlandu wa zinthu “zochititsa mseru” monga ziti?

 ¹⁰ Masiku ano, anthu ambirimbiri ali m’zipembedzo zonyenga zosiyanasiyana zimene gwero lake ndi Babulo wakale. (Gen. 11:6-9) Zipembedzo zonsezi pamodzi zimatchedwa “Babulo Wamkulu, manthu wa akazi achiwerewere ndi wa zochititsa mseru za dziko lapansi.” (Chiv. 17:5) Kuyambira kale, chipembedzo chonyenga chakhala chikuchirikiza olamulira andale a dzikoli. Babulo Wamkulu ali ndi mlandu chifukwa cha zinthu “zochititsa mseru” zimene wachita, monga kulimbikitsa nkhondo zambirimbiri zomwe zachititsa kuti anthu ambiri ‘aphedwe padziko lapansi.’ (Chiv. 18:24) Zinthu zinanso “zochititsa mseru” zikuphatikizapo nkhanza zogona ana ndi mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana ya chiwerewere imene atsogoleri achipembedzo amachita komanso imene akuluakulu a tchalitchi amalekerera. Ndiyeno, kodi tingadabwe kuti posachedwapa Yehova Mulungu awononga chipembedzo chonyenga?​—Chiv. 18:8.

11. Kodi Akhristu oona ali ndi udindo wotani Babulo Wamkulu asanawonongedwe?

¹¹ Akhristu oona amadziwa zimenezi ndipo ali ndi udindo wochenjeza anthu amene ali mu Babulo Wamkulu. Njira ina imene amawachenjezera ndiyo kugawira Mabaibulo ndi mabuku ofotokoza Baibulo ofalitsidwa ndi “kapolo wokhulupirika ndi wanzeru,” amene Yesu anamuika kuti azipereka ‘chakudya chauzimu panthawi yoyenera.’ (Mat. 24:45) Anthu akachita chidwi ndi uthenga wa m’Baibulo, pamakonzedwa zakuti athandizidwe mwa kuphunzira nawo Baibulo. Tikukhulupirira kuti anthu otero adzaona kufunika kwa ‘kuthawa pakati pa Babulo’ nthawi isanathe.​—Chiv. 18:4.

Thawani Kupembedza Mafano

12. Kodi Mulungu amaona motani kupembedza mafano?

¹² Chinthu china chochititsa mseru chofala mu Babulo Wamkulu ndi kupembedza mafano. Mulungu amati mafano ndi zinthu “zonyansa.” (Deut. 29:17) Anthu onse amene akufuna kukondweretsa Mulungu afunika kuthawa kupembedza mafano, mogwirizana ndi mawu a Mulungu akuti: “Ine ndine Yehova; dzina langa ndi lomweli; ndipo ulemerero wanga Ine sindidzapereka kwa wina, ngakhale kunditamanda kwa mafano osemedwa.”​—Yes. 42:8.

13. Kodi ndi mitundu ya kupembedzera mafano yovuta kuizindikira iti yomwe tiyenera kuthawa?

¹³ Mawu a Mulungu amanenanso za mitundu ina ya kupembedza mafano yovuta kuizindikira. Mwachitsanzo, Baibulo limati kusirira kwa nsanje ndiko “kulambira mafano.” (Akol. 3:5) Kusirira kwa nsanje kumatanthauza kukhumbira chinthu chomwe si chathu, monga katundu wa munthu wina. (Eks. 20:17) Mngelo yemwe anadzakhala Satana Mdyerekezi anayamba kukhumbira kuti afanane ndi Wam’mwambamwamba ndiponso kuti azilambiridwa. (Luka 4:5-7) Izi zinachititsa kuti iye apandukire Yehova ndipo anakopa Hava n’kumuchititsa kukhumbira chinthu chomwe Mulungu analetsa. Tingati Adamu nayenso analambira mafano chifukwa analola maganizo adyera kumuchititsa kuona kuti kukhala ndi Hava kunali kofunika kwambiri kuposa kumvera Atate wake wakumwamba, yemwe ndi wachikondi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, aliyense amene akufuna kuthawa tsiku la mkwiyo wa Mulungu ayenera kulambira iye yekha ndi kupewa kusirira kwa nsanje.

 “Thawani Dama”

14-16. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani Yosefe ali chitsanzo chabwino pankhani ya makhalidwe? (b) Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani tikakhala ndi chilakolako chonyansa cha kugonana? (c) Kodi n’chiyani chingatithandize kuti tikwanitse kuthawa dama?

¹⁴ Werengani 1 Akorinto 6:18. Mkazi wa Potifara atanyengerera Yosefe kuti agone naye, iye anathawa. Yosefe anasonyeza chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chomwe Akhristu osakwatira ndiponso okwatira ayenera kutsatira. N’zoonekeratu kuti chikumbumtima cha Yosefe chinaphunzitsidwa maganizo a Mulungu pankhani ya kugonana kudzera m’zimene zinachitika m’mbuyomo. Ngati tikufuna kumvera lamulo lakuti “thawani dama,” tifunika kupewa zinthu zomwe zingadzutse chilakolako chogonana ndi munthu yemwe sitinakwatirane naye. Baibulo limatichenjeza kuti: “Chititsani ziwalo za thupi lanu . . . kukhala zakufa ku dama, chonyansa, chilakolako cha kugonana, chikhumbo choipa, ndi kusirira kwa nsanje, kumene ndiko kulambira mafano. Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi, mkwiyo wa Mulungu ukubwera.”​—Akol. 3:5, 6.

¹⁵ Onani kuti “mkwiyo wa Mulungu ukubwera.” Anthu ambiri m’dzikoli amalola kukhala ndi zilakolako za kugonana kosayenera ndipo amachita zimene amalakalakazo. Choncho, Akhristufe tifunika kumapemphera kwa Mulungu kuti atithandize ndi kutipatsa mzimu woyera kuti tisagonje ku zilakolako zonyansa za kugonana. Ndiponso, kuphunzira Baibulo, kupezeka pa misonkhano yachikhristu ndi kulalikira uthenga wabwino kwa ena, kungatithandize kupitiriza “kuyenda mwa mzimu.” Motero ‘sitidzatsatira chilakolako cha thupi ngakhale pang’ono.’​—Agal. 5:16.

¹⁶ Kunena zoona, ‘sitingayende mwa mzimu’ ngati timaonera zinthu zolaula. Mofananamo, Mkhristu aliyense ayenera kupewa kuwerenga, kuonera kapena kumvera zinthu zomwe zingadzutse chilakolako cha kugonana. Komanso n’kulakwa kuti “anthu oyera” a Mulungu azisangalala ndi nthabwala zokhudza nkhani zoterezi kapena kuzikambirana. (Aef. 5:3, 4) Tikamapewa zimenezi, timasonyeza Atate wathu wachikondi kuti tikufunadi kuthawa mkwiyo wake womwe ukubwerawo ndiponso kuti tikufuna kudzakhala m’dziko latsopano lolungama.

Thawani “Kukonda Ndalama”

17, 18. N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuthawa “kukonda ndalama”?

¹⁷ M’kalata yoyamba yopita kwa Timoteyo, Paulo anatchula mfundo zimene Akhristu amene anali akapolo anafunika kuzitsatira. N’kutheka kuti ena mwa iwo ankafuna kupezerapo phindu lakuthupi pa ambuye awo omwe analinso Akhristu. Mwinanso akapolo ena ankagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopatulika pochita zofuna zawo. N’chifukwa chake Paulo anawachenjeza zoti ‘asaganize kuti kudzipereka kwa Mulungu ndi njira yopezera phindu.’ Muzu wa vutoli uyenera kuti unali “kukonda ndalama,” kumene kungabweretse zopweteka kwa olemera ndi osauka omwe.​—1 Tim. 6:1, 2, 5, 9, 10.

¹⁸ Kodi mungakumbukire zitsanzo za anthu otchulidwa m’Baibulo amene anawononga ubale wawo ndi Mulungu chifukwa cha “kukonda ndalama,” kapena kukonda zinthu zomwe si zofunika kwambiri koma zimene zimafuna ndalama? (Yos. 7:11, 21; 2 Maf. 5:20, 25-27) Paulo analangiza Timoteyo kuti: “Munthu wa Mulungu iwe, thawa zinthu zimenezi. M’malo mwake, tsatira chilungamo, kudzipereka kwako kwa Mulungu, chikhulupiriro, chikondi, chipiriro, ndi kufatsa mtima.” (1 Tim. 6:11) Aliyense amene akufuna kupulumuka tsiku la mkwiyo limene likubweralo, ayenera kumvera malangizo amenewa.

‘Thawani Zilakolako za Unyamata’

19. Kodi achinyamata onse amafunika chiyani?

¹⁹ Werengani Miyambo 22:15. Utsiru umene umakhala mu mtima mwa wachinyamata ungamusocheretse mosavuta. Kuti alimbane ndi utsiruwo, afunika uphungu wa m’Baibulo. Akhristu ambiri achinyamata amene makolo awo si Mboni  amayesetsa kupeza ndi kutsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo. Enanso amapindula ndi malangizo anzeru ochokera kwa anthu okhwima mwauzimu mumpingo. Kumvera uphungu wa m’Baibulo, mosaganizira kuti akutipatsa uphunguwo ndani, kungatichititse kukhala achimwemwe panopa ndiponso m’tsogolo.​—Aheb. 12:8-11.

20. Kodi n’chiyani chingathandize achinyamata kuthawa zilakolako zoipa?

²⁰ Werengani 2 Timoteyo 2:20-22. Achinyamata ambiri amene alibe uphungu wothandiza m’mitima mwawo amagwa m’zilakolako zopusa, monga mzimu wa mpikisano, kusirira kwa nsanje, dama, kukonda ndalama ndi zisangalalo. Zimenezi ndi “zilakolako za unyamata,” zimene Baibulo likutilamula kuzithawa. Kuthawa kumeneku kumafuna kuti Mkhristu achinyamata apewe zinthu zonse zoipa, mosaganizira zoti zinthuzo zikuchokera kuti. Zimene zingawathandize kwambiri ndi malangizo a Mulungu akuti achinyamata ayesetse kukhala ndi makhalidwe achikhristu ndipo achite zimenezo “limodzi ndi [anthu] oitana pa Ambuye ndi mtima woyera.”

21. Kodi Yesu Khristu anapereka lonjezo losangalatsa lotani lokhudza otsatira ake onga nkhosa?

²¹ Kaya ndife achinyamata kapena achikulire, ngati timakana kumvera anthu ofuna kutisocheretsa, timasonyeza kuti tikufuna kukhala pakati pa otsatira a Yesu onga nkhosa amene ‘amathawa . . . mawu a alendo.’ (Yoh. 10:5) Komabe kuthawa tsiku la mkwiyo wa Mulungu kumafuna zambiri osati kungothawa zinthu zoipa zokha. Timafunikanso kutsatira makhalidwe abwino. M’nkhani yotsatira tidzakambirana makhalidwe 7 oterewa. M’pofunika kwambiri kuti tikambirane makhalidwe amenewa chifukwa Yesu analonjeza zinthu zosangalatsa. Iye anati: “[Nkhosa zanga] ndimazipatsa moyo wosatha, moti sizidzawonongeka konse, komanso palibe amene adzazikwatula m’dzanja langa.”​—Yoh. 10:28.

Kodi Mungayankhe Bwanji?

• Kodi Yesu anawachenjeza chiyani atsogoleri achipembedzo?

• Kodi anthu ambiri masiku ano akuyembekezera kukumana ndi tsoka lotani?

• Kodi ndi mitundu ya kupembedza mafano yovuta kuizindikira iti yomwe tiyenera kuthawa?

[Mafunso]

[Zithunzi pamasamba 8, 9]

Kodi mukamva mawu akuti “thawani,” mumaganiza chiyani?