Baibulo Lifika ku Chilumba cha Madagascar

CHILUMBA cha Madagascar chili pamtunda wa makilomita 400 kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Africa ndipo ndi cha nambala 4 pa zilumba zikuluzikulu za padziko lapansi. Kuyambira kale, anthu a ku Madagascar amalidziwa bwino dzina la Yehova chifukwa chakuti Baibulo lokhala ndi dzinali, lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ku chilumbachi kwa zaka zoposa 170. Komatu kuti Baibulo limasuliridwe m’Chimalagase, chomwe ndi chinenero cha kumeneko, panafunika kupirira ndiponso kudzipereka.

Ntchito yomasulira Baibulo m’Chimalagase inayambira ku Mauritius, chilumba chomwe chili pafupi ndi Madagascar. Chakumayambiriro kwa 1813, bwanamkubwa wapachilumba cha Mauritius, yemwe kwawo ndi ku Britain, dzina lake Robert Farquhar, anayambitsa ntchito yomasulira Mauthenga Abwino m’Chimalagase. Kenako iye anauza mfumu Radama I ya ku Madagascar kuti iitanitse aphunzitsi kuchokera ku bungwe lina la amishonale (London Missionary Society [LMS]) kuti abwere ku Madagascar.

Pa August 18, 1818, amishonale awiri a ku Wales, David Jones ndi Thomas Bevan, anafika mumzinda wa mphepete mwa nyanja wotchedwa Toamasina kuchokera ku Mauritius. Atafika, anapeza anthu okonda kwambiri kupembedza ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ankalambira mizimu ya makolo ndiponso ankakonda kufotokoza nkhani zachikhalidwe. Anthu a ku Madagascar ankalankhula chinenero chotha kufotokoza zinthu zambiri mochititsa chidwi chomwe chinachokera ku Malaya ndi Polynesia.

Jones ndi Bevan anatsegula kasukulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anaitanitsa akazi ndi ana awo kuti achoke ku Mauritius kubwera ku Toamasina. Tsoka ndi ilo, onse anadwala malungo ndipo mu December 1818, mkazi ndi mwana wa Jones anamwalira ndi malungowo. Patapita miyezi iwiri, anthu onse a m’banja la Bevan anamwaliranso ndi malungo. Pa gulu lonseli, amene anapulumuka ndi David Jones yekha basi.

Koma Jones sanafooke ndi zimenezi. Iye anali wofunitsitsa kuti Mawu a Mulungu apezeke m’chinenero cha anthu a ku Madagascar. Atabwerera ku Mauritius kuti akachire bwinobwino, anayamba chintchito chophunzira Chimalagase. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, iye anayamba kukonzekera ntchito yomasulira Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane.

Jones anabwerera ku Madagascar mu October 1820. Anafikira kulikulu la dzikoli lomwe ndi Antananarivo ndipo pasanapite nthawi yaitali, anatsegula sukulu ya mishoni. Koma zinthu sizinali bwino chifukwa panalibe mabuku, mabolodi ngakhale madesiki. Komabe maphunzirowo anali abwino kwambiri ndipo ana anali ofunitsitsa kuphunzira.

Jones atagwira ntchito yekha kwa miyezi pafupifupi 7, kunabwera mmishonale wina dzina lake David Griffiths, yemwe analowa m’malo mwa Bevan. Anthu awiriwa anagwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri kuti amasulire Baibulo m’Chimalagase.

Ntchito Yomasulira Baibulo Iyamba

Cha m’ma 1820, Chimalagase chinkangolembedwa m’zilembo za Chiarabu ndipo kalembedwe koteroko kankatchedwa sorabe. Anthu ochepa okha ndi amene ankatha kuwerenga. Choncho amishonalewo atakambirana ndi Mfumu Radama I, mfumuyo inavomereza kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito alifabeti yachiroma m’malo mwa sorabe.

 Ntchito yomasulira inayamba pa September 10, 1823. Jones ankamasulira mabuku a Genesis ndi Mateyo, pomwe Griffiths ankamasulira Eksodo ndi Luka. Anthu awiri onsewa anali akhama. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yawo yomasulirayi, ankaphunzitsanso pasukulu ija m’mawa ndi madzulo. Iwo ankachititsanso mapemphero kutchalitchi m’zinenero zitatu. Komabe ntchito yomasulira ndi imene inali yofunika kwambiri kwa iwo.

Mothandizidwa ndi ana asukulu 12, amishonale awiriwa anamasulira Malemba Achigiriki onse ndiponso mabuku ambiri a m’Malemba Achiheberi m’miyezi 18 yokha. M’chaka chotsatira, anali atamaliza kumasulira Baibulo lonse. Komabe panafunika kukonza zina n’zina. Choncho akatswiri a zinenero, David Johns ndi Joseph Freeman anatumizidwa kuchokera ku England kuti akathandize.

Mavuto Amene Anakumana Nawo

Amishonalewa atamaliza kumasulira Baibulo la Chimalagase, bungwe la amishonale lija (LMS) linatumiza Charles Hovenden kuti akakhazikitse makina osindikizira mabuku ku Madagascar. Hovenden anafika kumeneko pa November 21, 1826. Koma iye anadwala malungo ndipo anamwalira pasanathe ndi mwezi womwe ndipo panalibe munthu wodziwa kugwiritsa ntchito makinawo. M’chaka chotsatira, mmisiri wina wochokera ku Scotland, dzina lake James Cameron, analumikiza makinawa pogwiritsa ntchito buku la malangizo limene linapezeka pamene panali makinawo. Pambuyo polakwitsalakwitsa, iye anatha kusindikiza kachigawo ka Genesis chaputala 1, pa December 4, 1827. *

Amishonalewa anakumananso ndi vuto lina mfumu Radama I itamwalira pa July 27, 1828. Mfumu Radama inkathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito yomasulira. Pa nthawi ina, David Jones anati: “Mfumu Radama inali yokoma mtima kwambiri ndiponso yochezeka. Mfumuyi inkalimbikitsa kwambiri maphunziro ndipo inkaona kuti malangizo othandiza anthu ake kuti akhale ozindikira, ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa golide ndi siliva.” Koma mfumuyi itamwalira, mkazi wake dzina lake Ranavalona I, ndi amene analowa m’malo mwake ndipo pasanapite nthawi, anthu anaoneratu kuti mfumukaziyi sikhala yothandiza pa ntchito yomasulira ngati mmene analili mwamuna wake.

Mfumukaziyi itangoyamba kulamulira, munthu wina wochokera ku England anapempha kuti akambirane nayo za ntchito yomasulira. Koma mfumukaziyi inakana. Tsiku lina amishonale anapempha mfumukaziyi kuti akufuna kuphunzitsa anthu Chigiriki ndi Chiheberi. Poyankha, mfumukaziyi inati: “Zophunzitsa anthu Chigiriki ndi Chiheberi ndilibe nazo ntchito kwenikweni, koma ndingafune kuti muwaphunzitse anthu anga zinthu zina zothandiza monga ngati kapangidwe ka sopo.” Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Cameron anadziwa kuti iye ndi amishonale anzake akhoza kuuzidwa kuti azipita kwawo asanamalize Baibulo m’Chimalagase, choncho anapempha kuti amupatse mlungu umodzi kuti aganizire mfundo imene mfumukaziyi inanena.

Mlungu wotsatira, Cameron anapatsa amithenga a mfumu timitanda tiwiri ta sopo amene anapanga pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za komweko. Sopoyu komanso zinthu zina zimene amishonale anachita, zinasangalatsa mfumukaziyi moti zinachititsa kuti amishonalewa apeze mpata wosindikiza pafupifupi Baibulo lonse kungotsala mabuku owerengeka a Malemba Achiheberi.

Panachitika Zinthu Zosangalatsa Ndipo Kenako Zokhumudwitsa

Ngakhale kuti poyamba mfumukaziyi inkakana ntchito za amishonale, mu May 1831 inapereka lamulo losayembekezereka. Inalola kuti anthu ake azibatizidwa n’kukhala Akhristu. Koma lamuloli silinakhalitse. Malinga ndi zimene buku lina linanena, “kuchuluka kwa anthu obatizidwa kunakhumudwitsa anthu ena ogwira ntchito m’nyumba yachifumu amene sankagwirizana ndi zimenezi ndipo pofuna kuti mfumukaziyo isinthe maganizo ake, anthuwo anaiuza kuti ubatizowo ukusonyeza kuti anthu akuvomereza kulamulidwa ndi anthu a ku Britain.” (A History of Madagascar) Motero lamulo  lovomereza ubatizo wachikhristu linachotsedwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1831 patangotha miyezi 6 chilikhazikitsireni.

Mfumukaziyo inkangoti ichi yanena ichi yanena, komanso panali anthu ambiri m’boma osafuna kuti zinthu zisinthe. Zimenezi zinapangitsa amishonalewo kumalizitsa ntchito yosindikiza Baibulo. Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu anali atamalizidwa ndipo anali atayamba kale kugawidwa. Koma panabukanso vuto lina pa March 1, 1835 pamene Mfumukazi Ranavalona inanena kuti Chikhristu n’choletsedwa m’dzikolo ndipo inalamula kuti mabuku onse achikhristu aperekedwe kwa akuluakulu a boma.

Lamulo la mfumukaziyi linaletsanso kuti achinyamata a ku Madagascar asamaloledwe kuthandiza pa ntchito yosindikiza Baibulo. Choncho panangotsala amishonale ochepa okha oti amalize ntchitoyo, ndipo anayamba kuigwira usana ndi usiku mpaka pamene Baibulo lonse linatulutsidwa mu June 1835. Tsopano anthu a ku Madagascar anali ndi Baibulo la chinenero chawo.

Chikhristu chitaletsedwa, Mabaibulo anagawidwa mwamsangamsanga ndipo Mabaibulo ena 70 anakwiriridwa pansi kuti asawonongedwe. Iyi inali nzeru yabwino chifukwa chakuti pasanathe chaka, amishonale onse anapita kwawo n’kungotsala awiri okha. Ngakhale zinali choncho, mawu a Mulungu anafalikira ku Madagascar.

Anthu a ku Madagascar amakonda Baibulo

Anthu a ku Madagascar anasangalala kwambiri kuwerenga Mawu a Mulungu m’chinenero chawo. Baibuloli lili ndi zolakwika zina ndi zina ndipo lili ndi mawu achikale amene panopa sagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Koma ngakhale ndi choncho, anthu ambiri ali ndi Baibulo ndipo amaliwerenga nthawi zonse. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri m’Baibuloli n’chakuti, m’Malemba Achiheberi onse mumapezeka dzina la Mulungu lakuti Yehova. M’Mabaibulo oyambirira dzinali limapezekanso ngakhale m’Malemba Achigiriki. N’chifukwa chake anthu ambiri a ku Madagascar amadziwa dzina la Mulungu.

Mabaibulo a Malemba Achigiriki atangoyamba kusindikizidwa, Baker, amene ankagwira ntchito yosindikiza mabuku anaona chisangalalo chimene anthu a ku Madagascar anali nacho ndipo anati: “Sikuti ndikulosera zinthu koma kungoti sindikukayikira ngakhale pang’ono kuti mawu a Mulungu sadzatha m’dziko lino.” Munthuyu ananenadi zoona. Malungo, mavuto amene amakhalapo munthu akamaphunzira chinenero ndiponso malamulo opondereza a wolamulira sanalepheretse Mawu a Mulungu kupezeka ku Madagascar.

Panopa zinthu zasintha kwambiri. N’chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Mu 2008, Baibulo lonse la New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures linatulutsidwa m’Chimalagase. Baibuloli lakhala lothandiza mosaneneka chifukwa chakuti ndi lamakono ndipo mawu ake ndi osavuta kumva. Choncho Mawu a Mulungu akhazikika kwambiri ku Madagascar.​—Yes. 40:8.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 31]

Baibulo la “New World Translation” la Chimalagase limalemekeza dzina la Mulungu lakuti Yehova