1-3. Kodi ophunzira a Yesu anakumana ndi mavuto ati pa ntchito yawo yolalikira?

YESU KHRISTU anapatsa otsatira ake ntchito yaikulu. Iye anawauza kuti: “Pitani mukaphunzitse anthu a mitundu yonse kuti akhale ophunzira anga.” Ankafuna kuti ‘uthenga wabwino wa ufumu ulalikidwe padziko lonse lapansi, kuti ukhale umboni ku mitundu yonse.’—Mat. 24:14; 28:19.

² Akhristuwo ankakonda kwambiri Yesu komanso uthenga wabwino. Koma ayenera kuti ankadzifunsa kuti, ‘Kodi tingakwanitsedi ntchitoyi?’ M’pake kudzifunsa zimenezi chifukwa anali anthu ochepa kwambiri. Komanso Yesu amene Akhristuwo ankauza anthu kuti ndi Mwana wa Mulungu anali ataphedwa. Otsatira akewo ankaonedwanso kuti ndi “osaphunzira ndiponso anthu wamba.” (Mac. 4:13) Koma ankafunika kulalikira uthenga wotsutsana ndi zimene atsogoleri achipembedzo ankaphunzitsa. Atsogoleriwo ankalemekezedwa ndipo  anaphunzira kwambiri miyambo yakalekale. Koma Akhristuwo sankalemekezedwa ngakhale ndi anthu a kwawo. Ndiyeno ngati ankanyozeka ndi Aisiraeli anzawo kuli bwanji mu ufumu wonse wa Roma?

³ Yesu anachenjeza ophunzira ake kuti adzadedwa, kuzunzidwa ndipo ena adzaphedwa. (Luka 21:16, 17) Ananenanso kuti adzaperekedwa ndi anzawo ndipo adzakumana ndi aneneri onyenga komanso anthu ambiri osamvera malamulo. (Mat. 24:10-12) Ngakhale akanalandiridwa ndi aliyense zinali zovutabe kuti alalikire mpaka “kumalekezero a dziko lapansi.” (Mac. 1:8) Mwina iwo akanaona kuti sangakwanitse ntchitoyi.

4. Kodi ntchito yolalikira inkayenda bwanji m’nthawi ya atumwi?

⁴ Mwina ophunzirawo ankadera nkhawa za ntchitoyi, koma ankalalikira mwakhama ku Yerusalemu, ku Samariya komanso kumadera ena ambiri. Ngakhale kuti Akhristuwo anakumana ndi mavuto, patangopita zaka 30 uthenga wabwino unali utalalikiridwa “m’chilengedwe chonse cha pansi pa thambo.” Baibulo limati: ‘Uthenga wabwinowu unkabala zipatso ndipo unkawonjezeka m’dziko lonse.’ (Akol. 1:6, 23) Mwachitsanzo, zimene Paulo ananena ndiponso kuchita pachilumba cha Kupuro zinathandiza bwanamkubwa wina. Iye “anakhala wokhulupirira, pakuti anadabwa kwambiri ndi zimene anaphunzira zokhudza Yehova.”—Werengani Machitidwe 13:6-12.

5. (a) Kodi Yesu anauza ophunzira ake kuti chiyani? (b) Kodi anthu ena ananena chiyani za nthawi imene Chikhristu chinayamba?

⁵ Ophunzira a Yesu ankadziwa kuti sangagwire bwino ntchito yolalikira paokha. Yesu anawauza kuti adzakhala nawo ndiponso kuti mzimu woyera udzawathandiza. (Mat. 28:20) Komanso pali zinthu zina m’dzikoli zimene ziyenera kuti zinawathandiza. Buku lina lofotokoza za ntchito ya Akhristu oyambirira imeneyi limanena kuti Chikhristu chinayamba pa nthawi yabwino kwambiri. Limanenanso kuti pofika m’chaka cha 100 C.E. Akhristu ena ankanena kuti Mulungu ndi amene anakonza zinthu m’dzikoli kuti Chikhristu chiyambe bwino.

6. Kodi tikambirana chiyani (a) m’nkhaniyi? (b) m’nkhani yotsatira?

⁶ Baibulo silinena zimene Mulungu anachita m’dzikoli kuti ntchito yolalikira iyende bwino. Koma chomwe tikudziwa n’chakuti Yehova ankafuna kuti uthenga ulalikidwe pomwe Satana sankafuna. M’nkhaniyi tiona zinthu zina m’dzikoli zimene mwina zinathandiza kuti ntchito yolalikira iyende bwino nthawi ya Akhristu oyambirira. M’nkhani yotsatira tidzakambirana zinthu zina za masiku ano zimene zimatithandiza kuti tilalikire uthenga wabwino padziko lonse.

7. Tchulani zinthu zina zimene zinathandiza Akhristu mu ufumu wa Roma.

⁷ Zinthu zina zimene zinachitika mu ufumu wa Roma zinathandiza Akhristu. Mwachitsanzo, ufumuwu unachititsa kuti m’madera ake onse mukhale mtendere. N’zoona kuti panali “nkhondo ndi mbiri za nkhondo” mogwirizana ndi ulosi wa Yesu. (Mat. 24:6) Mwachitsanzo, m’malire a ufumu wa Roma munkachitika nkhondo zing’onozing’ono ndipo asilikali achiroma anawononga mzinda wa Yerusalemu mu 70 C.E. Koma kwa zaka pafupifupi 200 kuchokera nthawi ya Yesu, m’madera onse a ulamulirowu simunkachitikachitika nkhondo. Buku lina limanena  kuti ndi nthawi yokhayi pamene m’madera ambiri munali mtendere kwa zaka zambiri.

8. Kodi Akhristu oyambirira anathandizidwa bwanji ndi mtendere umene unalipo?

⁸ Katswiri wina wa zachipembedzo m’zaka za m’ma 200 C.E. analembanso za nthawi ya mtenderewu. Ananena kuti Ufumu wa Aroma unkalamulira m’mayiko ambiri, choncho ophunzira ankatha kulalikira mosavuta m’mayiko onsewo. Anthu sankamenyera nkhondo mayiko awo koma ankakhala mwamtendere m’midzi yawo. Katswiriyo ananena kuti izi zinathandiza kuti anthu amvetsere bwino uthenga wa ophunzirawo wonena za chikondi ndi mtendere. Ngakhale kuti ophunzirawo ankazunzidwa, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito bwino nthawi ya mtendereyi kuti alalikire uthenga wabwino kulikonse.—Werengani Aroma 12:18-21.

9, 10. N’chiyani chinathandiza Akhristu oyambirira kufika m’madera ambiri a ufumu wa Roma?

⁹ Akhristu ankagwiritsanso ntchito misewu yabwino imene Aroma anamanga. Aroma anali ndi asilikali amphamvu amene ankakhazikitsa bata komanso kukhwimitsa chitetezo. Ndiyeno Aromawo anamanga misewu yabwino n’cholinga choti asilikaliwo aziyenda mwamsanga. Akatswiri achiroma anamanga misewu yofika pafupifupi m’madera ake onse ndipo inkawathandiza kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita oposa 80,000. Misewu yake inali yodutsa m’nkhalango, m’zipululu komanso m’mapiri.

¹⁰ Aroma ankadutsanso m’mitsinje ndi m’ngalande. Mitsinje ndi ngalandezi zinkawathandiza kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 27,000 m’madera amene ankalamulidwa ndi Aroma. Sitima zapanyanja za Aroma zinali ndi njira pafupifupi 900 zomwe zinkawafikitsa m’madoko ambirimbiri. Izi zinathandiza kuti Akhristu azifika m’madera ambiri a ufumu wa Roma. N’zoona kuti panali mavuto ena koma mtumwi Paulo ndi anzake ankatha kupita m’madera ambiri opanda mapasipoti. Kunalibe asilikali olondera m’malire a mayiko. Zigawenga sizinkapezekapezeka m’misewu chifukwa choopa kulangidwa ndi Aroma. Panalibenso zigawenga zapanyanja chifukwa chakuti asilikali achiroma ankayendayenda panyanja. N’zoona kuti Paulo ankavutika chifukwa cha kusweka kwa chombo komanso panali zinthu zina zoopsa panyanja. Koma Baibulo silinena zoti anavutitsidwapo ndi zigawenga zapanyanja.—2 Akor. 11:25, 26.

11. N’chifukwa chiyani Akhristu ankagwiritsa ntchito Chigiriki?

¹¹ Chigiriki chimene anthu ambiri ankalankhula chinathandiza kuti anthu azigwirizana m’mipingo yachikhristu. Alekizanda Wamkulu anagonjetsa madera ambiri ndipo izi zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azilankhula Chigiriki. Choncho atumiki a Mulungu ankatha kulankhula ndi anthu osiyanasiyana n’kuwalalikira uthenga wabwino. Komanso Ayuda amene ankakhala ku Iguputo anamasulira Malemba Achiheberi m’Chigiriki. Anthu ambiri ankadziwa za Baibulo lachigiriki limeneli ndipo Akhristu ankaligwiritsa ntchito kwambiri polalikira. Akhristu ankakondanso kugwiritsa ntchito Chigiriki polemba mabuku awo. Ankatero chifukwa chakuti Chigiriki chinali ndi mawu ambirimbiri ndiponso mawu abwino ofotokoza zinthu zokhudza kulambira.

12. (a) Kodi Akhristu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku amtundu uti ndipo anayamba liti kuwagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri? (b) Kodi mabukuwa anathandiza bwanji Akhristu?

 ¹² Kodi Akhristu oyambirira ankagwiritsa ntchito bwanji malemba polalikira? Mipukutu inkavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa inkayenera kupindidwa ndi kutambasulidwa. Komanso nthawi zambiri ankangolemba mbali imodzi yokha moti Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu unadzaza mpukutu umodzi wathunthu. Koma kenako anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku amtundu winawake. Ankadula mapepala, kuwaboola n’kuwamanga pamodzi. Sitikudziwa bwinobwino pamene Akhristu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mabukuwa. Koma buku lina limanena kuti iwo anali atayamba kuwagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pofika zaka za m’ma 100 C.E. Munthu ankatha kutsegula mabukuwa n’kupeza mosavuta malemba amene ankafuna.

13, 14. (a) Kodi Paulo anagwiritsa ntchito bwanji ufulu umene anali nawo chifukwa chokhala nzika yachiroma?(b) Kodi malamulo achiroma anathandiza bwanji Akhristu?

¹³ Malamulo achiroma ankagwira ntchito m’madera onse olamulidwa ndi ufumuwu ndipo nzika zachiroma zinkakhala ndi ufulu wambiri. Paulo anagwiritsa ntchito ufuluwu nthawi zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, atangotsala pang’ono kukwapulidwa, Paulo anafunsa kapitawo wa asilikali achiroma kuti: “Kodi anthu inu, malamulo amakulolani kukwapula munthu amene ndi Mroma, mlandu wake usanazengedwe?” Anafunsa funsoli podziwa kuti malamulowo sankalola zimenezi. Paulo atanena kuti iye ndi Mroma, ‘amuna amene ankafuna kumufufuza mwa kumuzunza aja anachoka n’kumusiya yekha. Nayenso mkulu wa asilikali uja anachita mantha atadziwa kuti anamanga Mroma.’—Mac. 22:25-29.

¹⁴ Nakonso ku Filipi, anthu amene anamanga Paulo anamumasula atamva kuti iye ndi nzika yachiroma. (Mac. 16:35-40) Pa nthawi inanso, khamu la anthu litakwiya kwambiri ku Efeso, woyang’anira mzinda atakhazikitsa bata, anakumbutsa khamu la anthu malamulo achiroma. (Mac. 19:35-41) Paulo ali ku Kaisareya anachitanso apilo mlandu wake ndipo izi zinathandiza kuti akafotokoze kwa Kaisara zimene ankakhulupirira. (Mac. 25:8-12) Choncho tingati malamulo achiroma  anathandiza ‘kuteteza uthenga wabwino ndi kukhazikitsa mwalamulo ntchito ya uthengawo.’—Afil. 1:7.

15. Kodi m’nthawi ya atumwi, Ayuda ankapezeka kuti?

¹⁵ Chinthu china chimene chinathandiza Akhristu pogwira ntchito yawo yolalikira chinali chakuti Ayuda ankakhala m’madera osiyanasiyana a ufumu wa Roma. Izi zinachitika chifukwa choti Ayudawo anabalalika pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Asuri ndi Ababulo. Pofika chaka cha 500 B.C.E., Ayuda ankapezeka m’zigawo zonse zokwana 127 za ufumu wa Perisiya. (Esitere 9:30) Pa nthawi imene Yesu anali padzikoli, Ayuda ankapezeka ku Iguputo, m’madera ena a kumpoto kwa Africa, ku Girisi, ku Asia Minor ndi ku Mesopotamiya . Anthu amanena kuti mu ufumu wa Aroma munali anthu 60 miliyoni ndipo pa anthu 14 alionse, mmodzi anali Myuda. Ndipo Ayudawo ankalambira Mulungu wawo kulikonse kumene ankapita.—Mat. 23:15.

16, 17. (a) Kodi Ayuda amene ankapezeka m’madera osiyanasiyana anathandiza bwanji anthu ena? (b) Kodi Akhristu amatsanzira bwanji Ayuda pa nkhani yolambira?

¹⁶ Kumadera onse amene Ayuda ankapezeka, anthu ambiri ankadziwa za Malemba Achiheberi. Ankadziwa zoti pali Mulungu woona mmodzi ndipo anthu amene amamulambira ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. M’Malemba Achiheberi munalinso maulosi ambiri onena za Mesiya. (Luka 24:44) Ayuda ndiponso Akhristu ankadziwa zoti Malemba Achiheberi anauziridwa ndi Mulungu. Izi zinathandiza kuti Paulo asamavutike kukambirana ndi anthu amene anali ndi mtima wofuna chilungamo. M’pake kuti Paulo ankalowa m’masunagoge a Ayuda n’kumakambirana nawo Malemba.—Werengani Machitidwe 17:1, 2.

¹⁷ Ayuda anali ndi njira yawo yolambirira Mulungu. Iwo ankasonkhana m’masunagoge kapena m’mabwalo ndipo ankaimba nyimbo, kupemphera komanso kukambirana Malemba. Izi ndi zimene Akhristu amachitanso m’mipingo yawo masiku ano.

18, 19. (a) Tchulani zinthu zimene zinathandiza kuti uthenga wabwino ulalikidwe mosavuta. (b) Kodi nkhani imene takambiranayi ikusonyeza kuti Yehova ndi wotani?

¹⁸ M’nkhaniyi taona zinthu zimene zinathandiza kuti Akhristu apitirize kulalikira uthenga wabwino. Mtendere wa Aroma, kayendedwe kabwino, chilankhulo cha Chigiriki ndiponso malamulo achiroma zinathandiza kwambiri. Nawonso Ayuda amene anasamukira m’madera osiyanasiyana anathandiza kuti uthenga ulalikidwe mosavuta.

¹⁹ Zaka 400 Chikhristu chisanayambe, katswiri wina wa nzeru za anthu, dzina lake Plato, analemba kuti: “Zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kudziwa amene anapanga zinthu zonse. Ndipo ngakhale tikanamudziwa, zikanakhala zosatheka kuuza anthu onse za wopangayo.” Koma Yesu anati: “Zinthu zosatheka ndi anthu n’zotheka ndi Mulungu.” (Luka 18:27) Mlengi wa zinthu zonse amafuna kuti anthu amudziwe. Nayenso Yesu anauza otsatira ake kuti ‘akaphunzitse anthu a mitundu yonse kuti akhale ophunzira ake.’ (Mat. 28:19) N’zotheka kugwira ntchito imeneyi mothandizidwa ndi Mulungu. M’nkhani yotsatira tikambirana zinthu zimene zikuthandiza kuti ntchito imeneyi iziyenda bwino masiku anonso.