Kodi Mawu Anali “Mulungu” Kapena “mulungu”?
OMASULIRA Baibulo amafunika kuganizira funso limeneli pomasulira vesi loyamba la Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane. Mu Baibulo la Dziko Latsopano, vesili analimasulira kuti: “Pachiyambi wotchedwa Mawu analipo, ndipo Mawuyo anali ndi Mulungu, komanso Mawuyo anali mulungu.” (Yohane 1:1) Mabaibulo ena anamasulira mbali yomaliza ya vesili mosonyeza kuti Mawuyo anali “waumulungu,” ndipo ena anamasuliranso zofanana ndi zimenezi. (A New Translation of the Bible, by James Moffatt; The New English Bible) Koma Mabaibulo ambiri anamasulira mbali yomaliza ya Yohane 1:1 kuti: “Ndipo Mawuyo anali Mulungu.”—The Holy Bible—New International Version; The Jerusalem Bible.
Galamala ya Chigiriki ndiponso nkhani imene buku la Yohane limafotokoza, zimasonyeza mwamphamvu kuti Baibulo la Dziko Latsopano linamasulira vesili molondola. “Mawuyo” si “Mulungu” amene watchulidwa koyamba mu vesili. Ngakhale zili choncho, nkhaniyi yachititsa anthu ambiri kukhalabe ndi mafunso komanso maganizo osiyanasiyana. Zili choncho chifukwa Chigiriki chimene anthu ankalankhula mu nthawi ya atumwi chinalibe mawu osonyeza mtundu wa chinthu kapena wa munthu. Pachifukwa chimenechi, Baibulo limene linamasuliridwa m’chinenero chimene anthu ankalankhula m’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E kapena 200 C.E. lingathandize kwambiri.
Chinenero chake ndi Chisahidiki, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa
zinenero zing’onozing’ono zimene zimapanga chinenero cha Chikoputiki. Chikoputiki chinkalankhulidwa ku Iguputo m’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E. kapena 200 C.E., Yesu atangomaliza ntchito yake padziko lapansi. Ndipo Chisahidiki chinali chinenero choyambirira kulembedwa pa zinenero zing’onozing’ono zimene zimapanga Chikoputiki. Ponena za Mabaibulo oyamba kumasuliridwa m’Chikoputiki, buku lina limati: “Popeza kuti [Septuagint] ndiponso [Malemba Achigiriki Achikristu] zinkamasuliridwa m’Chikoputiki m’zaka za m’ma 200 C.E., Baibulo la Chikoputiki analimasulira kuchokera ku [mipukutu ya Chigiriki] yomwe ndi yakale kwambiri kuposa mipukutu yambiri yomwe idakalipo.”—The Anchor Bible Dictionary.Mawu a Chisahidiki cha Chikoputiki ndi othandiza kwambiri pazifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba, monga tanena kale, mawu a Chisahidiki amasonyeza mmene anthu a m’zaka za m’ma 200 C.E. ankamvera Malemba, panthawi imene chiphunzitso cha Utatu chinali chisanakhazikike. Chachiwiri, galamala ya Chikoputiki imafanana ndi ya Chingelezi pachinthu china chofunika kwambiri. Mabaibulo a Malemba Achigiriki Achikhristu oyambirira kumasuliridwa, anawamasulira mu Chisuriya, Chilatini ndi Chikoputiki. Chisuriya ndi Chilatini, mofanana ndi Chigiriki cha masiku amenewo, chilibe mawu osonyeza mtundu wa chinthu kapena wa munthu. Koma Chikoputiki chili ndi mawu amenewo. Ndipotu, katswiri wina dzina lake Thomas O. Lambdin, analemba m’buku lake kuti: “Chikoputiki chimafanana kwambiri ndi Chingelezi pogwiritsa ntchito mawu osonyeza mtundu wa chinthu kapena wa munthu.”—Introduction to Sahidic Coptic.
Choncho, Baibulo la Chikoputiki limapereka umboni wothandiza wosonyeza mmene anthu masiku amenewo ankamvera lemba la Yohane 1:1. Kodi umboni wake ndi wotani? Baibulo la Chisahidiki cha Chikoputiki linagwiritsa ntchito mawu osonyeza mtundu wa chinthu kapena wa munthu, akuti “mulungu” pomasulira mbali yomaliza ya Yohane 1:1. Malinga ndi umboniwu, omasulira a m’nthawi imeneyo anazindikira kuti mawu a Yohane opezeka pa Yohane 1:1 satanthauza kuti Yesu ndi Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse. Choncho, Mawu anali mulungu, osati Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse.