Sunagoge Anali Malo Amene Yesu ndi Ophunzira Ake Ankakonda Kulalikira

“Atatero anayendayenda m’Galileya yense, kuphunzitsa m’masunagoge mwawo ndi kulalikira uthenga wabwino wa ufumu ndi kuchiritsa anthu matenda amtundu uliwonse ndi zofooka zilizonse.”​—MATEYO 4:23.

TIKAMAWERENGA mabuku a Uthenga Wabwino, nthawi zambiri timamva kuti Yesu ankalalikira m’masunagoge. Kaya akhale ku Nazarete, tawuni imene anakulira, kaya akhale ku Kaperenao, mzinda umene ankakonda kukhala, kapena m’matauni ndi m’midzi imene anapitako pa zaka zitatu ndi theka zimene anachita utumiki wake, iye ankakonda kulalikira za Ufumu wa Mulungu m’masunagoge. Ndipotu ponena za nthawi imene ankachita utumiki wake, Yesu ananena kuti: “Nthawi zonse ndinali kuphunzitsa m’masunagoge ndi m’kachisi, kumene Ayuda onse anali kusonkhana.”​—Yohane 18:20.

Nawonso atumwi a Yesu ndiponso Akhristu ena oyambirira nthawi zambiri ankasonkhana ndiponso kuphunzitsa m’masunagoge a Ayuda. Koma kodi zinayamba bwanji kuti Ayuda azilambira m’masunagoge? Ndipo kodi masunagoge a m’nthawi ya Yesu amenewa ankaoneka bwanji? Tiyeni tione.

Anali Malo Ofunika Kwambiri kwa Ayuda Katatu pachaka, amuna achiyuda ankapita kukachisi wa ku Yerusalemu kukalambira pazochitika zapadera. Koma tsiku lililonse iwo ankapita kukalambira m’masunagoge a m’dera lawo, kaya ndi ku Palestina kapena m’madera ena amene munkakhala Ayuda.

 Kodi Ayuda anayamba liti kulambira m’masunagoge? Ena amaganiza kuti anayamba panthawi imene anatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo ku Babulo (607-537 B.C.E.), nthawi imene kachisi wa Yehova anali atawonongedwa. Enanso amaganiza kuti Ayuda anayamba kulambira m’masunagoge atangobwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo. Panthawi imene Ezara, yemwe anali wansembe analimbikitsa Ayuda anzake kuti aphunzire ndi kumvetsetsa Chilamulo cha Mulungu.​—Ezara 7:10; 8:1-8; 10:3.

Poyambirira, mawu akuti “sunagoge” ankangotanthauza “msonkhano” kapena “mpingo.” Ndipo m’Baibulo la Septuagint anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti “sunagoge” kutanthauza msonkhano” kapena “mpingo.” Baibuloli linalembedwa m’Chigiriki pomasulira mabuku a m’Baibulo asanu oyambirira amene analembedwa m’Chiheberi. Koma patapita nthawi, mawuwa anayamba kuwagwiritsa ntchito ponena za nyumba imene ankalambiriramo. Pomafika m’nthawi ya Yesu, tawuni iliyonse imene iye ankapita inali ndi sunagoge wake. Mizinda inali ndi masunagoge angapo ndipo mzinda wa Yerusalemu unali ndi masunagoge ambiri. Kodi masunagoge ankaoneka bwanji?

Nyumba Zazing’ono Zolambiriramo Ayuda akafuna kumanga sunagoge, nthawi zambiri ankafufuza malo okwera ndipo pomanga sunagogeyo, ankaonetsetsa kuti khomo lake (1) liyang’ane ku Yerusalemu. Zikuoneka kuti panalibe lamulo lonena zimenezi chifukwa makomo a masunagoge ena sankayang’ana ku Yerusalemu.

Sunagoge sankakhala nyumba yogometsa kwambiri ndipo mkati mwake munkakhala zinthu zochepa. Chinthu chapadera chomwe chinkakhalamo chinali likasa (2), mmene ankasungiramo mipukutu ya Malemba Opatulika. Mipukutu imeneyi inali yofunika kwambiri. Panthawi ya misonkhano, likasalo ankaliika pamalo ena ake, ndipo akamaliza, ankalibwezera pamalo pake (3).

Kutsogolo kunkakhala mipando, yomwe ankaiika moyandikana ndi likasalo (4). Mipando imeneyi inali ya akuluakulu ophunzitsa m’sunagoge ndiponso alendo olemekezeka. (Mateyo 23:5, 6) Chapakati, pankakhala malo okwera pang’ono, pomwe munthu ankaimapo akamaphunzitsa (5). Ndipo m’mbali zitatu za malo amenewa kunkakhala mabenchi a anthu ena onse (6).

Ndalama zothandizira zochitika za pasunagoge ankapereka ndi anthu omwe ankasonkhanapo. Ndalama zimene anthu onse, kaya olemera kapena osauka ankapereka, zinkathandiza kukonzetsera nyumbayo kuti izioneka bwino. Nanga kodi misonkhano inkachitika bwanji pasunagoge?

Kulambira Pasunagoge Polambira pasunagoge, Ayuda ankaimba nyimbo zotamanda Mulungu, ankapemphera, ankawerenga Malemba ndiponso ankalalikira ndi kuphunzitsa. Mpingo wonse unkapemphera pemphero losonyeza chikhulupiriro chawo lotchedwa Shema. Dzina limeneli limatanthauza “imvani” ndipo linachokera pamawu oyambirira a lemba loyamba lomwe ankalitchula m’pempheroli. Lembali limati: “Imvani [Shema], Isiraeli, Yehova Mulungu wathu, Yehova ndiye mmodzi.”​—Deuteronomo 6:4.

Kenako ankawerenga ndiponso kutanthauzira Tola, yomwe ndi mabuku oyambirira asanu a m’Baibulo, amene analembedwa ndi Mose. (Machitidwe 15:21) Akatero, ankawerenganso mabuku a aneneri (haftarahs) n’kutanthauzira ndiponso kufotokoza mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mfundo zimene akuphunzirazo. Nthawi zina, anthu ochokera m’madera ena ndi amene ankachita zimenezi, monga mmene Yesu anachitira  nthawi ina malinga ndi zimene zili pa Luka 4:16-21.

N’zoona kuti mpukutu umene anam’patsa Yesu pamsonkhano umenewu unalibe machaputala ndi mavesi monga amakhalira Mabaibulo a masiku ano. Choncho kuti Yesu apeze pamene ankafuna kuwerenga anagwira mpukutuwo n’kuyamba kutambasula mbali imodzi ndi mkono wamanzere kwinaku akuupinda ndi mkono wamanja. Atatha kuwerenga, anapinda mpukutu pamodzi.

Nthawi zambiri ankawerenga mabuku a m’Chiheberi choyambirira ndipo ankamasulira m’Chiaramu. M’mipingo yachigiriki, ankawerenga Baibulo la Septuagint.

Kunkachitikiranso Zinthu Zina Sunagoge anali malo ofunika kwambiri kwa Ayuda chifukwa zipinda zina za pasunagogeyo kapena nyumba zimene zinkamangidwa mogundizana ndi sunagogeyo ankazigwiritsira ntchito pa zinthu zina. Nthawi zina ankaweruziramo milandu ndiponso kuchitiramo misonkhano ikuluikulu ndipo ankadyera komweko popeza panali zipinda zodyeramo. Nthawi zina anthu apaulendo ankathanso kugona m’zipinda zina za pasunagoge.

Pafupifupi pasunagoge wa m’tawuni iliyonse pankakhalanso sukulu. Ndipo kalasi ya pasunagoge iyenera kuti inkadzaza ndi ana a sukulu amene ankaphunzira kuwerenga zilembo zazikulu zimene aphunzitsi ankalemba pa thabwa lopakidwa phula. Masukulu amenewa ndi amene anathandiza kwambiri Ayuda akale kukhala ophunzira komanso anathandiza anthu wamba kudziwa Malemba.

Komabe, ntchito yaikulu ya sunagoge inali kulambiriramo. N’chifukwa chake misonkhano imene Akhristu a m’nthawi ya Atumwi ankachita inali yofanana kwambiri ndi misonkhano imene Ayuda ankachitira m’masunagoge. Cholinga cha misonkhano yachikhristu imeneyi chinali kulambira Yehova popemphera, poimba nyimbo zomutamanda ndiponso powerenga ndi kukambirana Mawu a Mulungu. Koma panalinso zinthu zina zimene Akhristu ankachita pamisonkhano yawo zofanana ndi zimene Ayuda ankachita m’masunagoge. Mwachitsanzo, pamisonkhano yachikhristu ndiponso yachiyuda ankagula zinthu zofunika pamisonkhanoyi pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zimene anthu apereka mwa kufuna kwawo. Komanso si atsogoleri achipembedzo okha amene ankawerenga Mawu a Mulungu pamisonkhanoyo; ndipo misonkhano yonseyi inkakonzedwa ndi kutsogoleredwa ndi amuna ochita kusankhidwa.

Mboni za Yehova masiku ano zimayesetsa kutsatira chitsanzo cha Yesu ndi Akhristu a m’nthawi ya atumwi. Choncho, pamisonkhano imene imachitikira pa Nyumba ya Ufumu pamachitika zina zofanana ndi zimene zinkachitika m’masunagoge. Ndipotu cholinga cha Mboni za Yehova posonkhana pamodzi n’chofanana ndi chimene anthu okonda choonadi nthawi zonse anali nacho, chomwe ndi ‘kuyandikira Mulungu.’​—Yakobe 4:8.

[Chithunzi pamasamba 16, 17]

Sunagoge wa Gamla wa m’nthawi ya atumwi ankaoneka chonchi

[Chithunzi patsamba 18]

Kusukulu za pasunagoge ankaphunzitsa anyamata a zaka kuyambira 6 mpaka 13