Kodi Chasintha N’chiyani pa Nkhani ya Tchimo?

NYUZIPEPALA ina inati: “Anthu masiku ano amadana ndi mfundo yakuti tonsefe tinatengera uchimo kwa makolo anthu oyambirira. Komanso sasangalala ndi mfundo yakuti munthu aliyense payekha amalakwa. . . . Komabe iwo amati anthu monga Adolf Hitler ndi Josef Stalin analakwadi, koma ena tonsefe ndife anthu osalakwa.”​—The Wall Street Journal.

Mawu amenewa akusonyeza kuti anthu masiku ano sagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti pali chinthu chinachake chotchedwa tchimo. N’chifukwa chiyani anthu akuganiza chonchi? Kodi chasintha n’chiyani pa nkhani ya tchimo? Komanso kodi uchimo, umene anthu masiku ano sakuvomereza kuti ulipo, n’chiyani?

Uchimo ulipo mbali ziwiri. Mbali yoyamba ndi tchimo limene tinatengera kwa makolo athu oyambirira, ndipo mbali yachiwiri ndi machimo amene munthu aliyense amachita. Mbali yoyamba ya uchimoyi timachita kubadwa nayo, kaya tikufuna kapena ayi. Pamene mbali yachiwiriyi ndi machimo amene munthu amawachita mwa kufuna kwake. Tiyeni tikambirane mbali iliyonse payokha.

Kodi N’zoona Kuti Tinatengera Uchimo kwa Makolo Athu Oyambirira?

Baibulo limanena kuti anthu tonse tinatengera uchimo kwa makolo athu oyambirira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, aliyense amabadwa ali wopanda ungwiro. Baibulo limati: “Kusalungama kulikonse ndi tchimo.”​—1 Yohane 5:17.

Zoti anthu tonse ndife ochimwa chifukwa cha uchimo womwe sitinachite nawo koma tinatengera kwa makolo athu, anthu ambiri opemphera amaona kuti zimenezi n’zosamveka ndipo munthu sangazikhulupirire. Ponena za mfundo imeneyi, pulofesa wina wa zachipembedzo, dzina lake Edward Oakes, ananena kuti: “Anthu ambiri amadabwa komanso amakhumudwa kwambiri kapena amakaniratu matchalitchi akamaphunzitsa zimenezi. Ena sachita kukaniratu mfundoyi koma amangoivomereza ndi pakamwa pokha.”

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zachititsa kuti anthu asamavomereze mfundo yoti tinatengera uchimo kwa makolo athu oyambirira, n’zimene matchalitchi amaphunzitsa pa nkhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, pamisonkhano ya akuluakulu atchalitchi cha Katolika imene inkachitikira ku Trent (1545-1563), akuluakuluwo anadzudzula aliyense amene ankakana mfundo yakuti ana ongobadwa kumene ayenera kubatizidwa kuti akhululukidwe machimo awo. Akuluakuluwo anagwirizana mfundo yakuti ngati mwana wakhanda atamwalira asanabatizidwe, ndiye kuti machimo akewo angamulepheretse kulowa kumwamba. Mmodzi mwa akuluakuluwo, dzina lake Calvin, anafika pophunzitsa kuti ana ‘amabadwa ochimwa komanso otembereredwa.’ Iye anapitiriza kuti chifukwa cha zimenezi, ‘Mulungu amadana nawo ndiponso amanyansidwa nawo.’

Mwachibadwa anthu ambiri amaona kuti ana akhanda ndi osachimwa ndipo kungakhale kulakwa kuti anawa alangidwe chifukwa cha machimo amene anatengera kwa makolo awo. Apa n’zosavuta kuona chifukwa chake ziphunzitso zimenezi zachititsa anthu kuti ayambe kukana zoti tinatengera uchimo kwa makolo athu oyambirira. Ndipo atsogoleri ena a zipembedzo zimawavuta kunena kuti mwana wakhanda amene wamwalira asanabatizidwe amakapsa ndi moto. Iwo amaona kuti kumene kumapita ana oterewa  sikudziwika. Koma, kwa zaka zambiri, tchalitchi cha Katolika chakhala chikukhulupirira kuti mizimu ya ana osalakwa omwe afa asanabatizidwe imapita kumalo ena ake otchedwa Limbo. * Ngakhale zili choncho, chikhulupiriro chimenechi sichinakhale mbali ya ziphunzitso zikuluzikulu za tchalitchichi.

Chinanso chimene chachititsa kuti anthu asiye kukhulupirira zoti tinatengera uchimo kwa makolo athu oyambirira, n’zimene akatswiri osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo a sayansi ndi a zipembedzo a m’zaka za m’ma 1800 ankaphunzitsa. Iwo anayamba kukayikira zoti nkhani za m’Baibulo ndi zolondola. Mwachitsanzo, zimene Darwin ankaphunzitsa zoti anthu anachita kusanduka kuchokera kunyama, zachititsa kuti anthu ambiri aziganiza kuti nkhani ya Adamu ndi Hava ndi yongopeka. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu ambiri ayamba kuona kuti m’Baibulo muli maganizo a anthu osati a Mulungu.

Kodi zimenezi zakhudza bwanji mfundo yakuti tinatengera uchimo kwa makolo athu oyambirira? Ngati anthu opemphera akukhulupirira kuti Adamu ndi Hava sanali anthu enieni, ndiye kuti palibe tchimo lililonse limene iwowo anachita. Ndiponso anthu amene amavomereza kuti ndife ochimwa, sakhulupirira mfundo yakuti tinatengera uchimo kwa makolo athu oyambirira, koma amangoti ndi chibadwa basi.

Choncho, ngati Adamu ndi Hava sanali anthu enieni ndipo sanachite tchimo lililonse limene ife tinatengera, nanga bwanji za machimo amene ifeyo timachita mwa kufuna kwathu? Kodi machimo amenewanso Mulungu amawaona kuti ndi oipa?

Kodi Kumakhaladi Kulakwira Mulungu?

Anthu ambiri akamva zoti wina wachita tchimo, nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti waphwanya ena mwa Malamulo Khumi omwe amaletsa kupha, chigololo, kusirira, kugonana anthu asanakwatirane, kuba ndi zina zotero. Matchalitchi ambiri ankaphunzitsa kuti aliyense amene wamwalira asanalape machimo ake amapita kukapsa ndi moto kwamuyaya. *

Malinga ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika, kuti munthu asakapse ndi moto, amayenera kuulula machimo kwa wansembe chifukwa iwo amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zokhululukira anthu machimo awo. Komabe, Akatolika ambiri akuona kuti mwambo woulula machimo kwa wansembe, kukhululukidwa komanso kulapa ndi wachikale. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa posachedwapa akusonyeza kuti ku Italy, Akatolika oposa 60 pa 100 alionse, sapitanso kukaulula kwa wansembe.

Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti zimene matchalitchi akuphunzitsa pa nkhani ya uchimo ndiponso zotsatirapo za uchimowo sizikuthandiza anthu kusiya kuchita machimo. Masiku ano, zinthu zonsezi zimene mbuyomu matchalitchi akhala akuphunzitsa kuti ndi  machimo, anthu ambiri opemphera saziona kuti ndi zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, ena amanena kuti ngati anthu awiri akuluakulu omwe sali pabanja agwirizana zoti agonane, ndiye kuti si vuto ngati palibe wina wapadera amene akudandaula nazo.

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene mwina zachititsa anthu kukhala ndi maganizo amenewa n’choti anthuwo sakhulupirira mfundo zimene anaphunzitsidwa zokhudza tchimo. Anthu ambiri zimawavuta kukhulupirira kuti Mulungu, yemwe ndi wachikondi, angawotche anthu ochimwa kwamuyaya. Ndipo mwina maganizo amenewa ndi amene achititsanso anthu kusiya kuopa kuchita machimo. Koma palinso zifukwa zina zimene zachititsa anthu kusiya kuopa tchimo.

Anthu Akukana Mfundo Zamakhalidwe Abwino

Zinthu zimene zakhala zikuchitika m’zaka zapitazi zasintha kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi maganizo a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, nkhondo zikuluzikulu ziwiri zapadziko lonse, nkhondo zing’onozing’ono zambirimbiri zimene zakhala zikuchitika, zachititsa anthu kukayikira ngati kutsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino kulidi kofunika. Iwo amanena kuti: ‘N’zosamveka kuti masiku ano, pomwe dziko latukuka ndiponso kuli zipangizo zambiri zamakono, anthu azitsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino zomwe n’zachikale kwambiri ndipo n’zosagwirizana ndi moyo wa masiku ano.’ Anthu ambiri amene amalimbikitsa zoti anthu ayenera kukhala ndi zifukwa zomveka bwino pochita zinthu zilizonse ndiponso anthu amene amalimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino, amavomereza kuti n’zosathandiza kutsatira mfundo zimenezi masiku ano. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti anthu ayenera kusiya makhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro zawo zina n’kuyamba kuchita zinthu zimene zingawathandize masiku ano.

Zimenezi zachititsa kuti anthu asiyiretu kuganizira zinthu zauzimu. Mwachitsanzo, m’mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri amene amapita kutchalitchi. Anthu omwe sakhulupirira chilichonse akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo ambiri amatsutsiratu mfundo zimene matchalitchi amaphunzitsa chifukwa amaona kuti n’zosamveka. Iwo amaona kuti ngati anthu anachita kusanduka kuchokera kunyama komanso kulibe Mulungu, palibe chifukwa chilichonse chomveka chotsatirira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino.

Kulowa pansi kwa makhalidwe abwino ku Ulaya m’zaka za m’ma 1900, kunachititsa kuti zinthu zambiri zisinthe, kuphatikizapo kusintha maganizo pa nkhani yogonana. Zinthu monga ziwonetsero za ana asukulu, magulu otsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chinachake ndiponso mankhwala olera zinachititsa kuti anthu asamatsatire mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino ndiponso ovomerezeka. Zimenezi zinachititsanso kuti anthu ayambe kukana kutsatira mfundo za m’Baibulo. Mbadwo watsopano umenewu unayamba kuyendera maganizo awoawo pa nkhani ya mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino ndiponso maganizo awoawo pa nkhani ya uchimo. Wolemba mabuku wina analemba  kuti kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka pano, “mfundo yonena kuti anthu ali ndi ufulu wogonana ngati amakondana,” ndi imene anthu akuyendera posiyanitsa chabwino ndi choipa. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azigonana mwachisawawa.

Zipembedzo Zikungophunzitsa Zinthu Zokomera Anthu

Poikira ndemanga pa nkhaniyi, magazini ina ya ku United States inanena mosapita m’mbali kuti: “Atsogoleri ambiri a zipembedzo akuyesetsa kunyengerera anthu kuti alowe m’zipembedzo zawo ndipo akumalalikira zinthu zongokomera anthuwo n’cholinga choti asachoke n’kukalowa chipembedzo china.” (Newsweek) Atsogoleriwo amaopa kuti ngati atamalalikira kwambiri zolimbikitsa anthu kuti akhale ndi makhalidwe abwino, anthuwo angachoke m’tchalitchi chawo. Anthu safuna kuuzidwa kuti akhale odzichepetsa, odziletsa ndiponso amakhalidwe abwino. Safunanso kuuzidwa kuti azimvera chikumbumtima chawo ndiponso kuti alape machimo awo. Choncho, matchalitchi ambiri ayamba kuchita zimene nyuzipepala ina inanena. Nyuzipepalayo inati: “Matchalitchi ambiri asiya kulalikira uthenga wabwino ndipo ayamba kulalikira uthenga umene amati ndi wachikhristu koma kwenikweni uthengawo umakhala wolimbikitsa anthu kuchita zongowakomera basi.”​—Chicago Sun-Times.

Kufalikira kwa maganizo amenewa kwachititsa kuti anthu aziganiza m’njira yawoyawo pa nkhani zokhudza Mulungu. Kwachititsanso kuti matchalitchi asamalalikire zimene Mulungu amafuna koma azingolalikira zokomera anthu ndiponso zimene anthuwo angachite kuti asamadzikayikire. Cholinga chenicheni cha matchalitchiwa n’kulalikira zimene zingasangalatse anthu awo. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti matchalitchi asiye kuphunzitsa chilichonse chokhudza Mulungu. Pa nkhaniyi, nyuzipepala ina inafunsa kuti: “Kodi n’chiyani chimene chalowa m’malo mwa mfundo zachikhristu zimene matchalitchi achikhristu ankaphunzitsa? Chalowa m’malo ndi mfundo yakuti ‘munthu ayenera kulolera mfundo za anthu ena komanso aziyesetsa kukhala wabwino. Zofunika ndi zomwezi basi.’”​—The Wall Street Journal.

N’zosadabwitsa kuti zimenezi zachititsa kuti anthu aziona kuti chipembedzo chilichonse chimene chimalalikira zoti anthu azichita zimene akufuna n’chabwino. Ponena za anthu amene ali ndi maganizo amenewa, nyuzipepalayi inanenanso kuti aliyense “angalowe chipembedzo chimene akufuna, malinga ngati chipembedzocho sichikulimbikitsa anthu kuti azitsatira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino ndiponso ngati chimalimbikitsa anthu kuti azisangalala ndi moyo osati kumangowaweruza.” (The Wall Street Journal) Nawonso matchalitchiwo amalandira munthu aliyense “kaya ali ndi khalidwe loipa,” ndipo samulimbikitsa n’komwe kuti asinthe.

Zimenezi zikutikumbutsa ulosi wa m’Baibulo umene mtumwi Paulo analemba m’nthawi ya atumwi. Iye anati: “Idzafika nthawi imene anthu sadzafunanso chiphunzitso chopindulitsa, koma mogwirizana ndi zilakolako za iwo eni, adzadzipezera okha aphunzitsi kuti amve zowakomera m’khutu. Adzachotsa makutu awo ku choonadi.”​—2 Timoteyo 4:3, 4.

Atsogoleri a zipembedzo akamalolera kuti anthu azichita machimo, azikana kuti machimo alipo ndiponso akamaphunzitsa anthu awo “zowakomera m’khutu” m’malo molalikira uthenga wa m’Baibulo, akuwalakwira kwambiri anthuwo. Uthenga womwe amalalikirawo ndi wabodza komanso ndi woopsa. Uthengawu umapotoza mfundo yofunika kwambiri yokhudza Chikhristu. Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri ya uthenga wabwino umene Yesu ndiponso atumwi ake ankaphunzitsa, inali yokhudza uchimo ndiponso zimene anthu angachite kuti akhululukidwe. Kuti mumvetse mfundo imeneyi, tikukupemphani kuwerenga nkhani yotsatirayi.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 7]

Zipembedzo zimene zimaphunzitsa zongokomera anthu zimalimbikitsa makhalidwe oipa

[Bokosi patsamba 6]

“Masiku Ano Tazindikira Kuti Kuchimwa si Vuto”

▪ “Nkhani ya uchimo yavuta kwambiri m’matchalitchi masiku ano chifukwa tasiya kuona kuti ndife anthu ‘ochimwa’ ndiponso ofunika kukhululukidwa. Mwina poyamba tinkaona kuti kuchita choipa ndi tchimo, koma masiku ano tazindikira kuti kuchimwa si vuto. Choncho, ngakhale kuti matchalitchi angathandize anthu kuti asiye uchimo, anthu ambiri a ku America saona kuti kuchita tchimo ndi vuto lalikulu.”​—Anatero munthu wina wolemba nkhani zachipembedzo, dzina lake John A. Studebaker, Jr.

▪ “Anthu amakonda kunena kuti: ‘Ndimafunitsitsa kuti ineyo ndiponso anthu ena tizichita zinthu zabwino. Koma popeza ndife anthu, tizingochita zimene tingathe.’ Anthufe timakhutira ndi makhalidwe abwino amene tikuona kuti tingakwanitse ndipo sitichitira anansi athu zoipa. Koma timachitabe machimo akuluakulu.”​—Anatero Albert Mohler, yemwe ndi pulezidenti wa Southern Baptist Theological Seminary.

▪ “Masiku ano, anthu amasangalala ndi zinthu zimene poyamba zinali zochititsa manyazi [monga machimo 7 omwe amati ndi oopsa kwambiri]: makolo amalimbikitsa ana awo kuti azikhala onyada n’cholinga choti asamadzikayikire. Kagulu kena ka anthu ophika zakudya ka ku France kanachonderera akuluakulu a tchalitchi cha Katolika ku Vatican kuti akhazikitse lamulo lonena kuti kudya kwambiri kapena dyera, si tchimo. Ndiponso kusirira kumachititsa kuti anthu azikopeka kwambiri ndi anthu otchuka omwe amawaona m’zinthu ngati ma TV ndi manyuzipepala. Anthu oitanira malonda amagwiritsira ntchito chilakolako cha kugonana pofuna kukopa anthu kuti agule katundu wawo. Enanso amaona kuti palibe vuto lililonse ngati munthu wakwiya pa zifukwa zomveka. Enanso amaona kuti nthawi zina amangofuna kuchita zinthu mwaulesi.”​—Analemba motero Nancy Gibbs, m’magazini ya Time.

[Chithunzi patsamba 5]

Anthu ambiri masiku ano amaganiza kuti nkhani ya Adamu ndi Hava ndi yopeka