Kodi Mukudziwa?

Popeza kuti ku Israel nyengo yachilimwe imakhala yaitali, kodi kale anthu okhala kumeneko ankatani kuti asamasowe madzi chaka chonse?

▪ Ku Israel, mvula imagwa pakati pa miyezi ya October ndi April ndipo nthawi zina madzi amasefukira m’zigwa. Koma m’nthawi yachilimwe madzi amauma ndipo pamatha miyezi yambiri mvula isanagwenso. Ndiye kodi anthu akale kumeneko ankatani kuti azikhala ndi madzi okwanira?

Panali njira zosiyanasiyana monga kukumba ngalande zochokera m’mapiri kuti madzi amvula azidutsamo kupita m’madamu kapena m’zitsime zokumba. Ndiponso pomanga nyumba ankapendeketsa denga kuti madzi amvula azigwera m’zitsime zimenezo. Mabanja ambiri anali ndi zitsime zawozawo zomwe ankatungamo madzi akumwa.​—2 Mafumu 18:31; Yeremiya 6:7.

Aisiraeli ankagwiritsanso ntchito madzi otuluka mu akasupe achilengedwe. M’madera amapiri, madzi a mvula amalowa pansi kwambiri mpaka kukafika pamwala wolimba umene sulola madzi kudutsa. Kenako madziwo amayamba kutuluka ngati kasupe. Nthawi imeneyo midzi kawirikawiri inkamangidwa pafupi ndi kasupe. Mayina a midzi imeneyi ankakhala ndi mawu akuti kasupe amene m’Chiheberi amamutchula kuti en [eni]. Chitsanzo cha midzi yotereyi ndi monga Eni-semesi, Eni-rogeli ndi Eni-gedi. (Yoswa 15:7, 62) Ku Yerusalemu anakumba ngalande yodutsa pamwala yoti madzi ochokera pakasupe azidutsamo kukafika mumzindawo.​—2 Mafumu 20:20.

Kumadera kumene kunalibe akasupe, anakumba zitsime ngati chimene chinali ku Beere-seba. (Genesis 26:32, 33) Mawu achiheberi amene anawamasulira kuti ‘Beere,’ amatanthauza chitsime. Wolemba mabuku wina, dzina lake André Chouraqui, analemba kuti: “Ngakhale masiku ano anthu amaona kuti njira zimene [Aisiraeli] ankapezera madzi ndi zapamwamba kwambiri.”

Kodi Abulamu (Abulahamu) ankakhala m’nyumba yotani?

▪ Abulamu ndi mkazi wake ankakhala mumzinda wotukuka kwambiri wa Akasidi wotchedwa Uri. Koma atauzidwa ndi Mulungu, iwo anasamuka mumzindawo n’kumakakhala m’mahema. (Genesis 11:31; 13:12) Taganizirani zinthu zimene analolera kusiya chifukwa cha kusamuka kumeneku.

Malo amene panali mzinda wa Uri masiku ano ndi ku Iraq ndipo Leonard Woolley anafukula mabwinja a mzinda wakalewu, pakati pa 1922 ndi 1934. Zina mwa nyumba zimene iye anapeza atafukula mabwinjawo zinali nyumba 73 za njerwa. Zipinda za nyumba zambiri zinali kumangidwa mozungulira bwalo la konkire. Bwalo limeneli linkakhala lotsetsereka pang’ono kuti madzi oipa aziyenda ndi kulowa m’dzenje limene linali pakati. M’nyumba zikuluzikulu, zipinda za alendo zinkakhala ndi zimbudzi ndi mabafa ake momwemo. Zipinda zina zapansi zinkakhala ndi khitchini ndiponso zipinda zogona akapolo. Anthu a m’banjamo ankakhala m’zipinda za pamwamba ndipo ankakwera masitepe popita m’zipindazo. Munthu akakwera masitepewo ankafika pamalo ena a pamwamba otchingidwa ndi matabwa. Malo amenewa ankamangidwa mozungulira bwalo la pansi lija, ndipo munthu akafika pamalo amenewa ankatha kulowa m’zipinda za m’mwambamo.

Woolley analemba kuti: “Nyumba . . . yokhala ndi bwalo lakonkire, makoma opakidwa laimu, mapaipi otulutsa madzi oipa, . . . ndiponso zipinda 12 kapena kuposa ikusonyeza kuti anthu a mumzinda umenewu ankakhala moyo wapamwamba kwambiri. Ndipotu nyumba zimenezi . . . sizinali za anthu olemera kwambiri koma zinali za anthu opezako bwino, ogwira ntchito m’masitolo, azamalonda, anthu okopera mabuku ndi anthu ena.”

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Chitsime cha ku Horvot Mezada, ku Israel

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Masada National Park, Israel Nature and Parks Authority

[Chithunzi patsamba 19]

Chithunzi Chojambula Pamanja Chosonyeza Mmene Nyumba za M’nthawi ya Abulahamu Zinkaonekera

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

© Drawing: A. S. Whitburn