Kodi Mukudziwa?

Kodi Yesu ankatanthauza chiyani pamene anauza Saulo kuti: “Ukungovutika popitiriza kuchita ngati nyama imene ikuponya miyendo yake kuti imenye zisonga zotosera”?​—Machitidwe 26:14.

▪ Kale, alimi ankagwiritsa ntchito zisonga zotosera potsogolera nyama zimene zinkakoka mapulawo. Zisonga zimenezi zinkakhala ndodo yaitali pafupifupi mamita awiri ndi hafu. Mbali imodzi ya ndodoyi inkakhala ndi kachitsulo kosongoka ndipo ngati nyama itaponya mwendo n’kumenya chisongacho, inkadzivulaza. Mbali ina ya chisongacho kunkakhala kachitsulo kokhala ngati tchizulo kamene ankakagwiritsa ntchito pochotsa matope komanso zinyalala zomwe zakanirira kumakasu a pulawo.

Nthawi zina zisonga zotosera nyama zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zankhondo. Woweruza wina wachiisiraeli yemwenso anali wankhondo, dzina lake Samagara, anapha Afilisiti okwana 600 “ndi chisonga chotosera ng’ombe.”​—Oweruza 3:31.

Malemba amatchulanso zisonga zimenezi mophiphiritsira. Mwachitsanzo, Mfumu Solomo inalemba kuti mawu a munthu wanzeru ali ngati “zisonga zobayira ng’ombe pozitsogolera,” chifukwa amachititsa munthu wouzidwayo kusankha zinthu mwanzeru.​—Mlaliki 12:11.

Yesu atabwerera kumwamba anagwiritsanso ntchito mawu amenewa mophiphiritsira pamene ankalankhula ndi Saulo amene ankazunza Akhristu. Iye anamulangiza kuti asiye “kuchita ngati nyama imene ikuponya miyendo yake kuti imenye zisonga zotosera.” Mawu amenewa akutithandiza kukhala ndi chithunzi cha nyama yamakani imene siikumva pamene mbuye wake akuitsogolera. Saulo anachita zinthu mwanzeru ndipo anatsatira malangizo a Yesu n’kusintha moyo wake. Kenako iye anakhala mtumwi Paulo.

Kodi Ayuda a m’nthawi ya atumwi ankadziwa bwanji nthawi ukakhala usiku?

▪ Kunja kukakhala dzuwa, Ayuda a m’nthawi ya atumwi ankagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyezera nthawi potengera chithunzithunzi. Koma ngati kuli mitambo kapena ngati kunja kwada, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito wotchi yoyendera madzi. Mitundu inanso yakale imene inkagwiritsa ntchito wotchi yotereyi inali Aiguputo, Aperisiya, Agiriki ndiponso Aroma.

Malinga ndi buku lina, wotchi imeneyi imatchulidwa m’mabuku achiyuda a Mishnah ndi Talmud koma “imatchulidwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Zimenezi zili choncho mwina chifukwa chakuti inkapangidwanso mosiyanasiyana. Komabe mayina onsewa ankasonyeza mmene wotchiyi imagwirira ntchito. Ankasonyeza kuti madzi amadontha kuchokera mu chinthu chinachake. N’chifukwa chake dzina la wotchiyi m’Chigiriki limatanthauza kuba madzi.”​—The Jewish Encyclopedia.

Koma kodi wotchiyi inkagwira bwanji ntchito? Pankakhala miphika iwiri ndipo mumphika umodzi, womwe unkakhala ndi kabowo pansi pake, ankathiramo madzi. Ndiyeno madziwo ankadontha pakabowopo pang’onopang’ono n’kumagwera mumphika winawo. Pofuna kudziwa nthawi, munthu ankaona mmene madzi atsikira mumphika woyamba uja kapena mmene achulukira mumphika wachiwiri. Miphika iwiri yonseyi inali ndi mizere imene inkaimira nthawi.

M’misasa ya asilikali achiroma ankagwiritsanso ntchito mawotchi amenewa pofuna kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kusinthana maulonda. Nthawi yosinthana ulonda ikakwana ankaliza lipenga. Maulonda amenewa ankakhalapo anayi ndipo aliyense womva kulira kwa malipengako ankadziwa nthawi yomwe ulonda uliwonse ukuyamba kapena kutha.​—Maliko 13:35.