MAWU amenewa sapezeka m’Baibulo. Koma kwa zaka zambiri anthu akhala akuchitira nkhanza akazi chifukwa cha mawuwa. Masiku anonso, anthu ena ochita zinthu monyanyira, amachitira nkhanza akazi poganiza kuti mabuku achipembedzo amasonyeza kuti akaziwo ndi amene ayenera kuimbidwa mlandu pa mavuto onse amene anthu akukumana nawo. Kodi Mulungu amafuna kuti akazi azinyozedwa komanso kuchitiridwa nkhanza? Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani pa nkhaniyi? Tiyeni tione.

Kodi Mulungu anatemberera akazi?

Ayi. Koma “njoka yakale ija, iye wotchedwa Mdyerekezi,” ndi imene Mulungu ‘anaitemberera.’ (Chivumbulutso 12:9; Genesis 3:14) Pamene Mulungu ananena kuti Adamu ‘adzalamulira’ mkazi wake, sankatanthauza kuti mwamuna ayenera kumuona mkazi wake ngati kapolo. (Genesis 3:16) Mulungu anangoneneratu za mavuto amene Adamu ndi Hava adzakumane nawo chifukwa cha uchimo.

Choncho nkhanza zimene akazi amakumana nazo ndi zotsatira za uchimo wa anthu osati cholinga cha Mulungu. Baibulo siliphunzitsa kuti akazi ayenera kuponderezedwa ndi amuna chifukwa cha tchimo limene linachitika m’munda wa Edeni.​—Aroma 5:12.

Kodi Mulungu analenga akazi kukhala otsika poyerekezera ndi amuna?

Ayi. Lemba la Genesis 1:27 limati: “Mulungu analenga munthu m’chifaniziro chake, m’chifaniziro cha Mulungu anam’lenga iye. Anawalenga mwamuna ndi mkazi.” Choncho kuyambira pa chiyambi, Mulungu analenga anthu, mwamuna ndi mkazi yemwe, kuti azitha kusonyeza makhalidwe amene Mulungu ali nawo. Ngakhale kuti Adamu ndi Hava anali osiyana, iwo anapatsidwa malamulo ndiponso ufulu wofanana.​—Genesis 1:28-31.

Mulungu asanalenge Hava, ananena kuti: “Ndimupangira womuthandiza [Adamu], monga mnzake womuyenerera.” (Genesis 2:18) Kodi mawu akuti “mnzake” akusonyeza kuti mkazi anali wotsika poyerekeza ndi mwamuna? Ayi. Taganizirani ntchito imene  dokotala ndi nesi amagwira pa nthawi imene dokotalayo akuchita opaleshoni. Kodi dokotala kapena nesi angagwire ntchito yake popanda mnzakeyo? N’zosatheka. Ngakhale kuti dokotalayo ndi amene amachita opaleshoni sitinganene kuti iye ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa nesiyo. Mofanana ndi zimenezi, Mulungu analenga mwamuna ndi mkazi kuti azithandizana osati kuti azipikisana.​—Genesis 2:24.

Kodi n’chiyani chimasonyeza kuti Mulungu saona kuti akazi ndi otsika?

Mulungu anadziwiratu kuti amuna ena azidzapondereza akazi, choncho anapereka malamulo oteteza akazi. Ponena za Chilamulo cha Mose chimene chinakhazikitsidwa cha m’ma 1500 B.C.E., wolemba mabuku wina, (Laure Aynard) analemba kuti: “Malamulo ambiri amene anali m’Chilamulo anali oteteza akazi.”​—La Bible au féminin (Baibulo Lonena za Akazi).

Mwachitsanzo, m’Chilamulo munali malamulo oti munthu azilemekeza abambo ndi amayi ake. (Ekisodo 20:12; 21:15, 17) Munalinso lamulo lokhudza amayi oyembekezera. (Ekisodo 21:22) Masiku ano, kutsatira mfundo za malamulo a Mulungu amenewa kungathandize kuti akazi azitetezedwa ngakhale kuti m’mayiko ambiri muli malamulo opondereza akazi. Koma pali zinanso zimene zimasonyeza kuti Mulungu saona kuti akazi ndi otsika.

Chilamulo chimene Yehova Mulungu anapatsa Aisiraeli chinawathandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino komanso kukhalabe pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi Yehova. Aisiraeli akamamvera malamulo a Mulungu, ankakhala “pamwamba pa mitundu yonse ya padziko lapansi.” (Deuteronomo 28:1, 2) Kodi m’Chilamulo munali malamulo otani okhudza akazi? Taonani mfundo zotsatirazi.

1. Ufulu umene akazi anali nawo. Akazi mu Isiraeli anali ndi ufulu wambiri mosiyana ndi akazi a mitundu ina. Ngakhale kuti mwamuna anapatsidwa udindo wokhala mutu wa banja, iye ankatha kulola mkazi wake ‘kuona  munda, kuugula’ n’kulimamo “mpesa.” Ngati mkaziyo anali ndi luso lopota ulusi ndi kuluka nsalu, ankatha kuchita bizinezi yakeyake. (Miyambo 31:11, 16-19) M’Chilamulo cha Mose, akazi ankaonedwa kuti ndi anthu okhala ndi ufulu wawo.

Akazi achiisiraeli analinso ndi mwayi wokhala pa ubwenzi ndi Mulungu. Baibulo limafotokoza za Hana amene anapemphera kwa Mulungu za mavuto ake komanso kumulonjeza Mulungu zimene adzachite. (1 Samueli 1:11, 24-28) Panalinso mayi wina wa ku Sunemu amene ankakonda kupita kwa mneneri Elisa pa tsiku la Sabata. (2 Mafumu 4:22-25) Komanso panali akazi ena monga Debora ndi Hulida amene Mulungu ankawagwiritsira ntchito. N’zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale ansembe komanso amuna ena otchuka ankafunsira malangizo kwa akazi amenewa.​—Oweruza 4:4-8; 2 Mafumu 22:14-16, 20.

2. Mwayi wamaphunziro. Popeza pangano la Chilamulo linkakhudzanso akazi, iwo ankakhalapo Chilamulo chikamawerengedwa ndipo anali ndi mwayi wophunzira zimene Chilamulocho chikunena. (Deuteronomo 31:12; Nehemiya 8:2, 8) Akazi ankaphunzitsidwanso kuchita zinthu zina zokhudza kulambira. Mwachitsanzo, ena anali “kutumikira mwadongosolo” pachihema chokumanako ndipo ena anali m’gulu loimba.​—Ekisodo 38:8; 1 Mbiri 25:5, 6.

Akazi ambiri anali ndi luso lochita bizinezi. (Miyambo 31:24) Pa nthawi imeneyi, anthu a mitundu ina ankaona kuti udindo wophunzitsa ana aamuna ndi wa bambo yekha. Koma mu Isiraeli mayi ankaloledwanso kulangiza ana aamuna mpaka mwanayo atakula. (Miyambo 31:1) N’zodziwikiratu kuti akazi achiisiraeli sankakhala osaphunzira.

3. Akazi ankalemekezedwa. Limodzi mwa Malamulo Khumi linanena momveka bwino kuti: “Uzilemekeza bambo ako ndi mayi ako.” (Ekisodo 20:12) Komanso mfumu yanzeru Solomo inalemba kuti:  “Mwana wanga, tamvera malangizo a bambo ako, ndipo usasiye malamulo a mayi ako.”​—Miyambo 1:8.

M’Chilamulo munalinso malamulo onena za mmene anthu osakwatira angasonyezere ulemu kwa akazi. (Levitiko 18:6, 9; Deuteronomo 22:25, 26) Mwamuna wabwino ankayenera kuganizira zimene mkazi wake angakwanitse ndi zimene sangakwanitse.​—Levitiko 18:19.

4. Akazi ankatetezedwa. M’Mawu ake, Yehova amanena kuti iye ndi “Tate wa ana amasiye ndi woweruzira akazi amasiye milandu.” M’mawu ena tingati iye ankateteza ufulu wa ana ndi akazi amasiye. (Salimo 68:5; Deuteronomo 10:17, 18) Choncho, mkazi wina wamasiye, yemwe mwamuna wake anali mneneri, atachitiridwa zinthu mopanda chilungamo ndi munthu wina amene anali naye ngongole, Yehova analowererapo ndipo anathandiza mayiyo. Izi zinachititsa kuti mayiyu asachite manyazi.​—2 Mafumu 4:1-7.

Aisiraeli asanalowe m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa, mwamuna wina dzina lake Tselofekadi anamwalira alibe mwana wamwamuna. Choncho ana ake aakazi asanu anapempha Mose kuti awapatse “cholowa” m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa. Koma Yehova analamula kuti iwo apatsidwenso zinthu zina kuwonjezera pa zimene anapemphazo. Iye anauza Mose kuti: “Uwapatsedi malo monga cholowa chawo, pakati pa abale a bambo awo. Cholowa cha bambo awocho chikhale chawo.” Kuyambira pa nthawi imeneyo, akazi achiisiraeli ankapatsidwa cholowa cha bambo awo komanso iwo akamwalira, ana awo ankapatsidwa cholowacho.​—Numeri 27:1-8.

M’Chilamulo cha Mose, akazi ankalemekezedwa ndipo sankapheredwa ufulu. Komabe kuyambira cha m’ma 300 B.C.E., Ayuda anayamba kutengera chikhalidwe cha Agiriki. Agiriki ankaona kuti akazi ndi otsika.​—Onani bokosi lakuti, “Zolemba Zina Zakale Zili ndi Mfundo Zolimbikitsa Kusala Akazi.”

Mwachitsanzo, wolemba ndakatulo wina wachigiriki, amene anakhalako m’zaka za m’ma 700 B.C.E., ananena kuti mavuto onse amene ali padzikoli anachititsa ndi akazi. M’ndakatulo yakeyi, iye ananena kuti amuna amene amachitira limodzi zinthu ndi akazi amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Maganizo amenewa anali ofala kwambiri m’chipembedzo chachiyuda m’zaka za m’ma 100 B.C.E. Buku lina lotchedwa Talmud lomwe linayamba kulembedwa m’ma 100 C.E. linachenjeza amuna kuti: “Musamacheze kwambiri ndi akazi chifukwa angakuchititseni kuti muchite chiwerewere.”

Kwa zaka zambiri, Ayuda ambiri anakhala ndi maganizo olakwika amenewa ponena za akazi. Mwachitsanzo pa nthawi imene Yesu anabwera padziko lapansi, anapeza kuti akazi ankakhala kwaokha kukachisi. Amuna okha ndi amene ankaloledwa  kuphunzitsidwa nkhani zokhudza chipembedzo ndipo akazi sankaloledwa kukhala ndi amuna m’sunagoge. Mu Talmud muli mawu a Rabi wina amene ananena kuti: “Bambo amene amaphunzitsa mwana wake wamkazi Tora [Chilamulo] ndiye kuti akumuphunzitsa zolaula.” Atsogoleri a chipembedzo achiyuda ankachititsa amuna ambiri kuti aziona akazi ngati anthu osafunikira. Iwo ankachita zimenezi pophunzitsa zabodza zokhudza mmene Mulungu amaonera akazi.

Yesu ali padziko lapansi, anaona kuti Ayuda ankasala akazi ndipo zimenezi zinkaonekera kwambiri m’miyambo yawo. (Mateyu 15:6, 9; 26:7-11) Kodi miyambo imeneyi inachititsanso Yesu kuti aziona akazi ngati otsika? Kodi iye ankawaona bwanji akazi, ndipo tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Kodi zimene Yesu anaphunzitsa zingathandize kuti akazi asamasalidwe? Nkhani yotsatira iyankha mafunso amenewa.