1, 2. (a) Kodi Yesu anapempha ciani m’pemphelo lake lothela limene anapeleka ali na atumwi ake? (b) N’cifukwa ciani mwina Yesu anali kudela nkhawa za mgwilizano wa ophunzila ake?

PAMENE Yesu anali kudya cakudya cothela camadzulo na atumwi ake, anali kudela nkhawa kwambili za mgwilizano wawo. Popemphela nawo pamodzi, iye anakamba kuti anali kufuna kuti ophunzila ake onse akhale amodzi, monga mmene iye na Atate ake alili amodzi. (Ŵelengani Yohane 17:20, 21.) Iye anafuna kuti mgwilizano wawo udzakhale umboni wamphamvu woonetsa kuti Yehova anamutuma pa dziko lapansi kukacita cifunilo cake. Cikondi cinali kudzakhala cizindikilo ca ophunzila oona a Yesu, komanso cinali kudzawathandiza kukhala ogwilizana.—Yoh. 13:34, 35.

² M’pomveka kuti Yesu anagogomeza kwambili kufunika kwa mgwilizano. Iye anali ataona kuti atumwi ake sanali ogwilizana kweni-kweni. Mwacitsanzo, ganizilani zimene zinacitika pa nthawi ya cakudya cothela cimene iye anadya na ophunzila ake. Monga mmene anali kucitila m’mbuyomo, atumwiwo anayambanso kukangana “za amene anali kuoneka wamkulu kwambili” pakati pawo. (Luka 22:24-27; Maliko 9:33, 34) Pa nthawi inanso, Yakobo na Yohane anapempha Yesu kuti adzawapatse malo apamwamba mu Ufumu wake. Anapempha kuti wina adzakhale  kudzanja lake lamanja, wina ku lamanzele.—Maliko 10:35-40.

3. Ni makhalidwe ati amene anacititsa kuti ophunzila a Khristu asakhale ogwilizana? Nanga tidzakambilana mafunso yati?

³ Kupatulapo mtima wofuna udindo ndi ulamulilo, panalinso zinthu zina zimene zikanasokoneza mgwilizano wa ophunzila a Khristu. Anthu mu Isiraeli anali ogaŵikana cifukwa ca cidani na tsankho. Conco, ophunzila a Yesu anafunika kuthetsa cidani na tsankho m’mitima yawo. M’nkhani ino, tidzakambilana mafunso aya: Kodi Yesu anacita bwanji na khalidwe la tsankho? Kodi anaphunzitsa bwanji otsatila ake kupewa tsankho na kukhala ogwilizana? Nanga zimene anaphunzitsa zingatithandize bwanji kukhalabe ogwilizana?

4. Fotokozani zitsanzo zoonetsa tsankho limene anthu anaonetsa kwa Yesu.

⁴ Yesu nayenso anali kusalidwa ndi anthu ena. Pamene Filipo anauza Natanayeli kuti wapeza Mesiya, Natanayeli anati: “Kodi mu Nazareti mungatuluke kanthu kabwino?” (Yoh. 1:46) Natanayeli ayenela kuti anali kuudziŵa bwino ulosi wa pa Mika 5:2, koma anaona kuti mzinda wa Nazareti unali wosayenelela kukhala kwawo kwa Mesiya. Mofanana ndi zimenezi, anthu ochuka a ku Yudeya sanali kumulemekeza Yesu cifukwa anali wocokela ku Galileya. (Yoh. 7:52) Anthu ambili a ku Yudeya anali kuona anthu a ku Galileya monga otsika. Ayuda ena pofuna kunyoza Yesu, anakamba kuti iye ni Msamariya. (Yoh. 8:48) Asamariya sanali a mtundu waciyuda, ndipo anali na cipembedzo cawo. Anthu a ku Yudeya komanso a ku Galileya anali kuona Asamariya monga anthu apansi, ndipo anali kuwasala.—Yoh. 4:9.

5. Kodi anthu anaonetsa bwanji tsankho kwa ophunzila a Yesu?

⁵ Nawonso atsogoleli aciyuda anali kuona otsatila a Yesu kukhala otsika. Mwacitsanzo, Afarisi anali kuona ophunzila a Yesu kuti anali m’gulu la anthu “otembeleledwa.” (Yoh. 7:47-49) Iwo anali kuona kuti aliyense amene sanaphunzileko ku sukulu ya Arabi, kapena amene sanali kusunga miyambo yawo, ndi munthu wamba wosanunkha kanthu. (Mac. 4:13) Khalidwe la tsankho limene anthu anaonetsa kwa Yesu na ophunzila ake, linayamba cifukwa ca kusiyana kwa zipembedzo, cikhalidwe, na mitundu. Nawonso ophunzila a Yesu anayambukilidwa na khalidwe limeneli. Conco, kuti ophunzilawo akhale ogwilizana, anafunika kusintha mmene anali kuonela zinthu.

6. Fotokozani zitsanzo zoonetsa mmene khalidwe la tsankho lingatikhudzile.

⁶ Masiku ano, khalidwe la tsankho lili paliponse. Anthu ena angationetse tsankho kapena ise tingakhale nalo khalidwe limeneli. Mwacitsanzo, mlongo wina wa ku Australia, amene lomba ni mpainiya anati: “N’nayamba kuzonda kwambili azungu cifukwa coganizila kwambili zinthu zopanda cilungamo zimene iwo akhala akucitila anthu a mtundu wa Abolijini. Cidani cimeneci cinakula cifukwa ca zinthu zankhanza zimene n’nacitilidwa m’mbuyomo.” M’bale wina wa ku Canada anafotokoza kuti pa nthawi ina anali kuzonda kwambili anthu okamba zitundu zina. Iye anati: “N’nali kuona kuti anthu okamba Cifulenchi anali apamwamba kuposa okamba zitundu zina. Ndipo n’nayamba kuzonda anthu okamba Cizungu.”

7. Kodi Yesu anacita bwanji na khalidwe la tsankho?

⁷ Monga mmene zinalili m’nthawi ya Yesu, masiku anonso mzimu wa tsankho ni wozika mizu kwambili. Kodi Yesu anacita bwanji na khalidwe limeneli? Coyamba, anapewelatu tsankho. Iye anali kulalikila kwa osauka na olemela, kwa Afarisi na Asamariya, ngakhalenso kwa okhometsa msonkho na ocimwa. Caciŵili, mwa zimene anali kuphunzitsa komanso citsanzo cake, Yesu anathandiza ophunzila ake kuona kuti nawonso afunika kupewa kukayikila ena kapena kuwasala.

8. Ni mfundo iti yofunika imene imathandiza Akhristu kukhala ogwilizana? Fotokozani.

⁸ Yesu anaphunzitsa otsatila ake mfundo yofunika imene imatithandiza kukhala ogwilizana. Iye anati: “Nonsenu ndinu abale.”  (Ŵelengani Mateyu 23:8, 9.) N’zoona kuti ndise “abale” cifukwa tonse tinabadwa kucokela kwa Adamu. (Mac. 17:26) Koma pali zifukwa zina. Yesu anakamba kuti ophunzila ake ni abale na alongo cifukwa amaona Yehova kukhala Atate wawo wakumwamba. (Mat. 12:50) Cinanso, iwo ali m’banja lalikulu lauzimu, la anthu ogwilizana cifukwa ca cikondi na cikhulupililo. Ndiye cifukwa cake kaŵili-kaŵili atumwi m’makalata awo, anali kuchula Akhristu anzawo kuti ‘abale na alongo.’—Aroma 1:13; 1 Pet. 2:17; 1 Yoh. 3:13. *

9, 10. (a) N’cifukwa ciani Ayuda sanali kufunika kunyadila mtundu wawo? (b) Kodi Yesu anaphunzitsa bwanji anthu mmene angathetsele vuto la kusankhana mitundu? (Onani pikica kuciyambi.)

⁹ Yesu atakamba kuti tifunika kuona Akhristu anzathu monga abale na alongo, anagogomezanso kufunika kokhala odzicepetsa. (Ŵelengani Mateyu 23:11, 12.) Monga takambila kale, mtima wonyada unacititsa kuti atumwi ake asakhale ogwilizana kweni-kweni. N’kuthekanso kuti iwo anali na vuto la kunyadila mtundu wawo. Kodi Ayuda anafunika kudziona monga ofunika kwambili cifukwa cakuti anali mbadwa za Abulahamu? Ayuda ambili pa nthawiyo anali na maganizo amenewo. Koma Yohane M’batizi anawauza kuti: “Mulungu ali ndi mphamvu yokhoza kuutsila Abulahamu ana kucokela ku miyala iyi.”—Luka 3:8.

¹⁰ Yesu sanali kugwilizana ndi khalidwe loona mtundu wa Ayuda kukhala wapamwamba kuposa mitundu ina. Ganizilani zimene iye anauza mlembi wina amene anamufunsa kuti: “Mnzanga amene ndikuyenela kumukonda ndani kweni-kweni?” Poyankha, Yesu anakamba fanizo la Msamariya amene anasamalila mokoma mtima Myuda wa paulendo amene anamenyedwa ndi acifwamba. Ayuda anzake anali kungomupitilila munthuyo, koma Msamariya anamumvela cifundo. Yesu anatsiliza fanizo lake mwa kuuza mlembiyo kuti apite kukacita zinthu monga Msamariyayo. (Luka 10:25-37) Pamenepa, Yesu anaonetsa kuti Msamariya akanatha kuphunzitsa Ayuda mmene akanaonetsela cikondi ceni-ceni kwa anzawo.

11. N’cifukwa ciani ophunzila a Khristu sanafunike kusala anthu a mitundu ina? Nanga Yesu anawathandiza bwanji kumvetsetsa mfundo imeneyi?

¹¹ Kuti akwanitse kugwila nchito imene anapatsiwa, ophunzila a Yesu anafunika kugonjetsa khalidwe la kunyada na tsankho. Yesu asanapite kumwamba, anawapatsa nchito yocitila umboni “ku Yudeya konse ndi ku Samariya, mpaka kumalekezelo a dziko lapansi.” (Mac. 1:8) Yesu anakonzekeletsa ophunzila ake kugwila nchitoyi mwa kuwathandiza kuona makhalidwe abwino mwa anthu a mitundu ina. Mwacitsanzo, nthawi ina anayamikila msilikali wina cifukwa ca cikhulupililo cake cacikulu. (Mat. 8:5-10) Ndipo m’tauni ya kwawo ku Nazareti, Yesu anafotokoza mmene Yehova anathandizila anthu a mitundu ina, monga mkazi wamasiye wa ku Zarefati, ndi munthu wakhate wa ku Siriya, dzina lake Namani. (Luka 4:25-27) Komanso, Yesu analalikila mayi wacisamariya. Si apo pokha. Iye anakhala m’tauni ya Asamariya kwa masiku aŵili cifukwa cakuti anthu a kumeneko anali kumvetsela mwacidwi uthenga wake.—Yoh. 4:21-24, 40.

12, 13. (a) Kodi atumwi anacita ciani pamene Yesu analalikila mayi wacisamariya? (Onani pikica kuciyambi.) (b) N’ciani cionetsa kuti Yakobo na Yohane sanaimvetsetse mfundo ya Yesu?

¹² Komabe, sicinali copepuka kuti atumwi aleke tsankho. Mwacitsanzo, iwo anadabwa kuona Yesu akulalikila mayi wacisamariya. (Yoh. 4:9, 27) Pa nthawiyo, atsogoleli acipembedzo aciyuda sanali kukamba na akazi pa gulu. Nanji kukamba na mkazi wacisamariya wa mbili yoipa! Izo zinali zosatheka. Atumwi atauza Yesu kuti adye cakudya, yankho imene iye anapeleka inaonetsa kuti mtima wake wonse unali pa kulalikila, cakuti sanali kumvela  njala. Yesu anali kudziŵa kuti colinga ca Atate wake cinali cakuti alalikile kwa anthu a mitundu yonse, kuphatikizapo mkazi wacisamariyayo. Ndipo kugwila nchito imeneyo kunali ngati cakudya cake.—Yoh. 4:31-34.

¹³ Koma Yakobo na Yohane sanamvetsetse mfundo imeneyi. Tsiku lina pamene ophunzila anali kuyenda na Yesu m’dela la Asamariya, anapempha malo ogona m’mudzi wina kumeneko. Koma Asamariya sanawalandile. Conco, Yakobo na Yohane mwaukali anapempha Yesu kuti awalole kuitana moto kucokela kumwamba kuti unyeketse mudzi wonse. Koma Yesu anawadzudzula mwamphamvu. (Luka 9:51-56) N’zokayikitsa kuti Yakobo na Yohane akanakamba mau aconco cikanakhala kuti mudzi umene unawakana unali wa kwawo ku Galileya. N’zoonekelatu kuti tsankho n’limene linawacititsa kukhala na cidani cimeneci. Pambuyo pake, mtumwi Yohane anakhala na mwayi wolalikila kwa Asamariya, ndipo utumikiwo unayenda bwino. Panthawiyo, mwina iye anali kudziimba mlandu akaganizila mau aukali amene anakamba m’mbuyomo okhudza Asamariya.—Mac. 8:14, 25.

14. Kodi vuto limene mwina linabuka cifukwa ca kusiyana zinenelo mumpingo wacikhristu linathetsedwa bwanji?

¹⁴ Pasanapite nthawi itali kucokela pa Pentekosite wa mu 33 C.E, mu mpingo wacikhristu munabuka vuto la tsankho. Pogaŵa cakudya kwa akazi amasiye osauka, akazi amasiye okamba Cigiriki anali kunyalanyazidwa. (Mac. 6:1) Mwina tsankholo linayamba cifukwa ca kusiyana kwa zinenelo. Atumwi anathetsa vutolo mwamsanga mwa kuika amuna oyenelela mwauzimu kuti aziyang’anila nchito yogaŵila cakudya. Amuna onsewo anali na maina acigiriki. Izi ziyenela kuti zinathandiza kuti azimayi amasiye acigiriki amene anakhumudwa akhalenso omasuka.

15. N’ciani cimene cionetsa kuti Petulo anaphunzila kucita zinthu mopanda tsankho ndi anthu onse? (Onani pikica kuciyambi.)

¹⁵ Mu 36 C.E., ophunzila a Yesu anayamba kulalikila kwa anthu a mitundu yonse. Poyamba, mtumwi Petulo anali na cizoloŵezi cogwilizana ndi Ayuda okha-okha. Koma Mulungu atamveketsa mfundo yakuti Akhristu sayenela kukhala a tsankho, Petulo analalikila Koneliyo, msilikali waciroma. (Ŵelengani Machitidwe 10:28, 34, 35.) Pambuyo pake, Petulo anayamba kugwilizana ndi Akhristu a mitundu ina komanso kudya nawo. Patapita zaka, nthawi ina Petulo analeka kudya cakudya na Akhristu a ku Antiokeya amene sanali Ayuda. (Agal. 2:11-14) Pa nthawiyo, Paulo anam’patsa uphungu Petulo, ndipo mwacionekele iye anaulandila. Conco, m’kalata yake yoyamba yopita kwa Akhristu aciyuda ndi a mitundu ina amene anali kukhala ku Asia Minor, Petulo anafotokoza za kufunika kokonda gulu lonse la abale.—1 Pet. 1:1; 2:17.

16. Kodi Akhristu oyambilila anali na mbili yanji?

¹⁶ Mwacidziŵikile, atumwi anaphunzilapo kanthu pa citsanzo ca Yesu ca kukonda “anthu a mtundu uliwonse.” (Yoh. 12:32; 1 Tim. 4:10) Iwo anasintha kaganizidwe kawo, olo kuti kucita zimenezi kunawatengela nthawi. Akhristu oyambilila anakhala na mbili yabwino yakuti anali kukondana. Tertullian, wolemba mbili wa m’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., anakamba kuti anthu ena amene sanali Akhristu anali kukamba kuti: “Iwo [Akhristu] amakondana . . . Ni okonzeka ngakhale kufelana.” Cifukwa cakuti anali atavala “umunthu watsopano,” Akhristu a m’nthawi ya atumwi anayamba kuona anthu onse kukhala ofanana pamaso pa Mulungu.—Akol. 3:10, 11.

17. Kodi tingacotse bwanji tsankho m’mitima yathu? Fotokozani zitsanzo.

¹⁷ Na ise masiku ano cingatitengele nthawi kuti ticotse tsankho mumtima mwathu. Mlongo wina wa ku France anafotokoza vuto limene anali nalo. Iye anati: “Yehova waniphunzitsa kukhala munthu wacikondi, kugaŵana zinthu ndi ena, na kukonda anthu a mitundu yonse. Koma nikali kulimbana ndi mtima wa tsankho, ndipo nthawi zina zimanivuta kupewa khalidweli. Ndiye cifukwa cake nimapemphelabe kwa Mulungu za vutoli.” Mlongo wina wa ku Spain, nayenso  ali na vuto monga limeneli. Iye anati: “Nthawi zina nimalimbana ndi maganizo ozonda anthu a mtundu wina, ndipo nthawi zambili nimakwanitsa kugonjetsa maganizo oipawo. Olo zili conco, niona kuti nifunika kupitilizabe kulimbana ndi vutoli. Nimamuyamikila Yehova cifukwa conipatsa mwayi wokhala m’banja logwilizana, ndipo ndine wokondwa.” Ise tonse tingafunike kudzifufuza moona mtima pa nkhaniyi. Mofanana ndi alongo amenewa, kodi mwina ifenso tingakhale na maganizo a tsankho amene tifunika kuthetsa?

18, 19. (a) N’cifukwa ciani tifunika kulandila munthu wina aliyense? (b) Nanga tingacite bwanji zimenezi?

¹⁸ Tifunika kukumbukila kuti pa nthawi inayake, ise tonse tinali “alendo,” otalikilana ndi Mulungu. (Aef. 2:12) Koma “mwacikondi” cake, Yehova anatikokela kwa iye. (Hos. 11:4; Yoh. 6:44) Ndipo Khristu anatilandila. Iye anatitsegulila khomo, titelo kukamba kwake, n’colinga cakuti tikhale mbali ya banja la Mulungu. (Ŵelengani Aroma 15:7.) Ngakhale kuti ndise opanda ungwilo, Yesu anatilandila. Nanga ise n’kulekelanji kulandila ena?

¹⁹ N’zodziŵikilatu kuti magaŵano, tsankho, na cidani zidzaonjezeka m’dzikoli pamene mapeto akuyandikila. (Agal. 5:19-21; 2 Tim. 3:13) Koma ise pokhala atumiki a Yehova, timafuna-funa nzelu yocokela kumwamba, imene ni yopanda tsankho komanso imalimbikitsa mtendele. (Yak. 3:17, 18) Timapeza cimwemwe ngati tiyesetsa kupanga ubwenzi ndi anthu ocokela m’maiko ena, kuonetsa mzimu wololela kwa anthu a cikhalidwe cina, kapena kuphunzila citundu cawo. Tikamacita zimenezi, mtendele wathu umakhala ngati mtsinje, ndipo cilungamo cathu cimakhala ngati mafunde a m’nyanja.—Yes. 48:17, 18.

20. N’ciani cimacitika ngati tilola cikondi kutsogolela maganizo na mtima wathu?

²⁰ Mlongo wa ku Australia amene tamuchula poyamba paja anati: “[Mulungu] ananitsegulila zipata za cidziŵitso colondola.” Kenako iye anafotokoza mmene kuphunzila Baibo kunamuthandizila kusintha. Anati: “Zinali monga kuti mtima na maganizo anga zaumbidwanso na kukhala zatsopano. Conco, tsankho lokhala ngati nguwe limene n’nali nalo na cidani, zinasungunukilatu.” Ndipo m’bale wa ku Canada amene tam’chula kuciyambi, anakamba kuti lomba amadziŵa kuti “kaŵili-kaŵili, umbuli ni umene umayambitsa tsankho komanso kuti makhalidwe a anthu sadalila kumene anabadwila.” Iye anakwatila mlongo wokamba Cizungu. Kusintha ngati kumeneku ni umboni wakuti cikondi cimene Akhristu ali naco pakati pawo cimagonjetsa tsankho komanso cimatigwilizanitsa mwamphamvu kwambili.—Akol. 3:14.