Oku Twatungire Baibuli

Oku Baibuli ebaasize kurindwa kutasiisikara kuhitsya omu bunaku bwaitu buzima n’eky’okutangaaza. Ekahwa kuhandiikwa emyaka 1,900 ehingwire. Ekahandiikwa aha bintu ebirikusiisikara nk’empapura ekikozirwe omu bifunjo n’empu z’enyamaishwa, kandi ebihandiiko byayo ebyabandize bikaba biri omu ndimi ezirikugambwa abantu bakye hati. Kandi, abantu b’amaani nk’abategyeki, n’abeebembezi b’ediini, bakateeraho kugicwekyereza.

EKITABO eki kikabaasa kuhonokaho kita, reero kikaba nikyo kirikukirayo oburungi omu byafaayo by’abantu hati? Yetegyereze enshonga ibiri.

Kikakopoororwa Emirundi Mingi Kubaasa Kurindwa

Abaisraeli abaabandize kureeberera ebihandiiko bya Baibuli, bakarinda omu bwegyendesereza emizingo eyaabandize, kandi baagikopoorora emirundi mingi. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, abagabe ba Israeli bakaba baine kukopoorora ‘ebiragiro nibabiiha omu kitabo ky’Abaleevi abanyamurwa.’—Eky’Ebiragiro 17:18.

Abaisraeli baingi bakaba nibakunda kushoma Ebyahandiikirwe, barikubireeba nk’Ekigambo kya Ruhanga. Kwonka, okukopoorora ebihandiiko ebi kikaba nikikorwa abahandiiki barikwegyendesereza munonga. Omuhandiiki omwe Ezera owaabaire naatiina Ruhanga naagambwaho ngu “akaba ari omuhandiiki w’obwengye omu by’ebiragiro bya Musa, ebyahairwe [Yehova] Ruhanga wa Israeli.” (Ezera 7:6) Baamasoreti abaakopooroire Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo, nari “Endagaano Enkuru,” aha gati y’ekyasha kya mukaaga n’ekya ikumi Y.A.K., bakaba nibabara n’enyuguta eziri omu bigambo kubaasa kwetantara kukora enshobe. Okubikopoorora omu muringo gw’obwegyendesereza nk’ogwo kikabibaasisa kuguma bihikire n’okubirinda, n’obu abazigu baraabe baabaire nibenda kucwekyereza Baibuli.

Nk’eky’okureeberaho, omuri 168 Y.A., omutegyeki Omusiria orikwetwa Antiochus IV akateeraho kucwekyereza Ebyahandiikirwe byona eby’Oruheburaayo ebi yaabaire naabaasa kubona omuri Palestine. Omunyabyafaayo Omuyudaaya naagira ati: “Emizingo yoona ey’ebiragiro ei baaboine, bakagitaagura kandi baagyotsya.” Ekitabo Jewish Encyclopedia nikigira kiti: “Abeebembezi abaabaire baine obujunaanizibwa bw’okucwekyereza Ebyahandiikirwe ebi, bakaba nibakikora omuringo gw’obukambwe . . . Ku baabaire bakushanga oine ekitabo kirikwera . . . bakaba bakucwera ogw’okufa.” Kwonka Ebyahandiikirwe ebimwe bikabaasa kuhonokaho omu Bayudaaya omuri Palestine n’abaabaire nibatuura omu mahanga agandi.

Bwanyima y’abahandiiki by’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Orugriika, nari “Endagaano Ensya,” kuheza omurimo gwabo, amabaruha ga Baibuli, obunabi, n’ebihandiiko by’ebyafaayo bikakanya munonga. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, Yohaana akahandiika Engiri ari omuri Efeso nari haihi nayo. Kwonka, akacweka k’Engiri egyo aku abahangu barikugira ngu kakahandiikwa omu myaka nka 50 bwanyima kakashangwa hare na Misri ebikumi n’ebikumi bya mahiro. Okujumbura okwo, kukahamya ngu Abakristaayo omu mahanga ga hare bakaba baine ebyahandiikirwe ebihikire.

Okujanjaara munonga kw’Ekigambo kya Ruhanga nakwo kukakihwera kuhonokaho bwanyima y’ebyasha, Kristo aherize kufa. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, omu kasheeshe kamwe omu mwaka gwa 303 Y.A.K., Okwakabiri 23, nikigambwa ngu Omutegyeki Omurooma orikwetwa Diocletian akaragiira abaserukare be kushenya orwigi rw’ekanisa kandi baayotsya Ebyahandiikirwe. Diocletian akaba naateekateeka ngu naabaasa kuhezaho Obukristaayo arikucwekyereza ebihandiiko ebirikwera. Eizooba eryakuratsireho, akaragiira ngu bootsye Baibuli zoona eziri omu Butware bwa Rooma abantu barikureeba. Kwonka Baibuli ezimwe zikahonokaho, kandi bwanyima bakakopoororamu ezindi. Nangwa, ebicweka bihango ebya Baibuli ibiri ez’Orugriika ezaakozirwe bwanyima y’okuhiiganisa kwa Diocletian, na hati zikiriho. Emwe eri omuri Rooma, kandi endiijo eri omu eibiikiro rya Britain omuri London orurembo rwa England.

N’obu hatariho kihandiiko kya Baibuli eky’okubanza ekyabonekire, enkumi n’enkumi z’ebihandiiko ebihandiikisiibwe engaro bikabaasa kugumaho kuhitsya n’omu bunaku bwaitu. Bimwe aharibyo bikuzire munonga. Mbwenu shi obutumwa obwabaire buri omu bihandiiko eby’okubanza bukahinduka ku byakopooroirwe? Omucondooza W. H. Green arikugamba aha Byahandiikirwe by’Oruheburaayo akagira ati: “Nikibaasa kugambwa butunu ngu tihariho bundi butumwa bwa ira obwakopooroirwe gye” nk’ebihandiiko ebi. Aha bikwatiraine n’ebyahandiikirwe eby’Orugriika, omucondooza mukuru aha bihandiiko bya Baibuli, Ow’ekitiinisa Frederic Kenyon, akahandiika ati: “Entaaniso y’ebihandiiko ebyabandize n’ebya bwanyima ni nkye munonga, nangwa nitubaasa n’okugyehuzya, kandi tihakiriho kubangaanisa kwona ngu Ebyahandiikirwe ebi twine bikiri nk’oku byahandiikirwe omu kubanza. Obuhame nibyoreka gye ngu ebitabo by’Endagaano Ensya bihikire kandi nibihamira aha mazima.” Kandi akagira ati: “Nitubaasa kuhamiza kimwe ngu ebihandiiko bya Baibuli tibirahindwirwemu. . . . Eki tikirikubaasa kugambwa aha kitabo ekindi kyona omu nsi.”

Okuvunuura Baibuli

Enshonga ya kabiri erikureetera Baibuli kuba ekitabo ky’abantu ekirikukirayo oburungi, n’okubaho omu ndimi nyingi. Eki nikihikaana n’ekigyendererwa kya Ruhanga ngu abantu b’amahanga goona n’endimi zoona bamumanye kandi bamuramya baine ‘omwoyo n’amazima.’—Yohaana 4:23, 24; Miika 4:2.

Envunuura y’okubanza omu Rugriika ey’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo neeyetwa Septuagint. Ekaba etebeekanisiibwe ahabwa Abayudaaya abarikugamba Orugriika abaabaire batarikutuura omuri Palestine, kandi ekahwa kugivunuura ebyasha nka bibiri Yesu atakatandikire obuheereza bwe omu nsi. Baibuli yoona, otwariiremu Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Orugriika, ekavunuurwa omu ndimi nyingi ebyasha bikye eherize kuhandiikwa. Kwonka bwanyima, abagabe n’abanyamurwa abaabaire bashemeire kuha abantu Baibuli, bakakora ekirikutaana n’ekyo. Bakateeraho kurindira abakuratsi baabo omu mwirima gw’eby’omwoyo batarikwikiriza Ekigambo kya Ruhanga kuvunuurwa omu ndimi ezirikugambwa abantu ba butoosha.

Abashaija emanzi, bakooga amagara gaabo kuhakanisa ekanisa n’abategyeki barikuvunuura Baibuli omu ndimi ezirikugambwa abantu ba butoosha. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, omuri 1530, omushaija Omungyereza orikwetwa William Tyndale, owaayegiire aha yunivasite ya Oxford, akabaasa kuvunuura ebitabo bitano eby’okubanza eby’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo. N’obu araabe yaabaire naahiiganisibwa munonga, niwe yaabaire omuntu w’okubanza kuvunuura Baibuli kuruga omu Ruheburaayo kugita omu Rungyereza. Kandi Tyndale niwe muvunuuzi w’okubanza Omungyereza owaakoreise eiziina Yehova. Omucondooza Omufaransa orikwetwa Casiodoro de Reina butoosha akaba ari omu kabi k’okufa arikuhiiganisibwa Abanyakaturiki arikuvunuura Baibuli y’okubanza omu Rufaransa. Akaza omuri England, Germany, France, Holland, na Switzerland arikuteeraho kumariiriza omurimo gwe gw’okuvunuura. *

Obunaku obu, Baibuli neegumizamu kuvunuurwa omu ndimi ezindi nyingi, kandi nihashohozibwa obukaikuru bwa Baibuli. Okuhonokaho kwayo kuba ekitabo ky’abantu ekirikukirayo oburungi, nikyoreka amazima g’ebigambo by’entumwa Petero ebi: ‘Obunyaatsi nibuhango, n’orurabyo niruhunduura. Kwonka ekigambo kya Ruhanga nikigumaho ebiro byona.’—1 Petero 1:24, 25.

[Obugambo obw’Ahansi]

 [Akabokusi/​Ekishushani ekiri aha rupapura 14]

NYINE KUSHOMA NVUNUURA KI YA BAIBULI?

Endimi nyingi ziine envunuura za Baibuli nyingi. Envunuura ezimwe nizikoresa ebigambo bigumire, kandi ebihangwire. Ezimwe, bakazoorobya baazigufuhaza barikufayo kureeba ngu zoorobi kushoma, kwonka batarikufayo yaaba zihikire gye. Kandi ezindi zivunwirwe ekigambo aha kindi.

Envunuura eya New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, eyashohoziibwe Abajurizi ba Yehova, ekavunuurwa akakiiko k’abavunuuzi kuruga omu ndimi ezaabandize. Bwanyima envunuura egi, ekoresiibwe kuvunuura omu kuvunuura Baibuli ezindi omu ndimi ezirikurenga 60. Abavunuuzi b’endimi ezo bakabaasa kugyeragyeranisa Baibuli egi n’ebihandiiko ebya ira. New World Translation ebigambo eby’okubanza neebivunuura butunu ekyo kyaba kitarikuhindura amakuru. Abavunuuzi nibateeraho kuvunuura Baibuli omu muringo ogurikwetegyerezibwa abashomi kushushana n’abashomi ba ira omu bunaku bwa Baibuli

Abacondooza abamwe babaasize kushwijuma Baibuli ez’obunaku obu otwariiremu eya New World Translation kuhamya yaaba ehikire kuhikaana n’ebihandiiko ebya ira. Omwe aha bacondooza abo ni Jason David BeDuhn, omuhangu omu kucondooza aha by’ediini aha Yunivasite ya Northern Arizona omuri United States. Omu 2003 akashohoza okucondooza kwe omu katabo k’empapura 200 aha Baibuli mwenda “ezirikukira kukoresibwa omu Rungyereza omu nsi yoona.” * Akacondooza aha Byahandiikirwe bingi ebi abacondooza batarikwikirizanaho, ahabw’okugira ngu “abavunuuzi bakaba baine okubangaanisa.” Buri kyahandiikirwe eky’Orungyereza akaba naakigyeragyeranisa n’Orugriika, kandi akaba naateeraho kureeba yaaba amakuru gahindwirwe. Akareeba ki?

BeDuhn naagira ngu abantu baingi n’abarikucondooza ahari Baibuli nibateekateeka ngu entaaniso eziri omu New World Translation (NW) n’ahabw’okubangaanisa kw’abavunuuzi baayo. Kwonka naagaruka agira ati: “Entaaniso enyingi n’ahabw’okugira ngu abavunuuzi ba NW bakaba nibaihayo amakuru genyini batarikuhinduramu.” N’obu BeDuhn araabe atarikwikirizana n’oku ebimwe omu New World Translation byavunwirwe, naagira ngu envunuura egi “niyo erikukirayo kuvunuurwa gye aha nvunuura zoona.” Akagyeta envunuura “nungi munonga.”

Dr. Benjamin Kedar, Omuheburaayo omucondooza omuri Israeli, nawe akagamba ahari New World Translation. Omu 1989 akagira ati: “Omurimo ogu baakozire n’ogw’amazima omu kuteeraho kwetegyereza amakuru g’ebigambo agahikire nk’oku kirikubaasika. . . . Omu New World Translation tinkabwinemu ekintu eki baahindwire amakuru ahabw’okubangaanisa barikutamu ebitarimu.”

Yebuuze oti: ‘Ekigyendererwa kyangye omu kushoma Baibuli niki? Ninkunda kushoma ebyorobi kwonka ntarikufayo yaaba bihikire gye? Nari niinyenda kushoma ebirikwihayo amakuru nk’ag’ebyahandiikirwe ebyabandize nk’oku kirikubaasika?’ (2 Petero 1:20, 21) Ekigyendererwa kyawe nikyo kiine kukureetera kucwamu envunuura ei oraatoorane.

[Obugambo obw’Ahansi]

[Ekishushani]

Baibuli eya “New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures” eriho omu ndimi nyingi

[Ekishushani ekiri aha rupapura  12, 13]

 Ebihandiiko bya Baamasoreti

[Ekishushani ekiri aha rupapura  13]

Akacweka k’ekihandiiko akariho Luka 12:7, “. . . mutatiina; muri ab’obuguzi okukira ebiteera-nkumba bingi”

[Picture Credit Lines on page 13]

Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin