1-3. (a) Ahabw’enki orurimi rwa Ruhanga n’ebiteekateeko bye birikukira eby’abantu? (b) Nituza kushwijuma ki omu kicweka eki?

RUHANGA otahwaho akahanga ebihangirwe ebiine obwengye yaabiha amagara n’okushemererwa. (Zab. 36:9; 1 Tim. 1:11) Entumwa Yohaana akagira ngu “Kigambo” kandi orikwetwa obutandikiro “bw’ebihangirwe bya Ruhanga,” niwe kihangirwe kya Ruhanga eky’okubanza. (Yoh. 1:1; Kush. 3:14) Yehova Ruhanga akamanyisa Omwana we ogu omujigaijo ebiteekateeko bye n’enyehurira ze. (Yoh. 1:14, 17; Kol. 1:15) Entumwa Paulo naagamba aha ‘ndimi za baamaraika,’ omuringo gw’okugaaniiramu gw’omu iguru ogurikukira ogw’abantu.—1 Kor. 13:1.

² Yehova naamanya gye obuhumbi bw’ebihangirwe ebiine obwengye ebiri omu nsi n’omu iguru. Buri kaanya, abantu abatarikubarwa nibabaasa kuba nibamushaba omu ndimi nyingi. Naahurikiza okushaba okwo kwona omurundi gumwe, abaha obuhabuzi, kandi agaaniira n’ebihangirwe bye eby’omu iguru. Kubaasa kuhikiiriza eki, nikimanyisa ngu oku arikugamba, orurimi rwe, n’ebiteekateeko bye, nibikirira kimwe eby’abantu. (Shoma Isaaya 55:8, 9.) Buzima, Yehova ku arikugamba n’abantu, naabamanyisa ebiteekateeko bye omu muringo gworobi kugira ngu babyetegyereze.

³ Nituza kushwijuma oku Ruhanga orikukirayo kuba ow’obwengye, atwire naahurizana n’abantu be omu muringo ogurikwetegyerezibwa  gye. Nituza n’okureeba oku arikuhindahindura omu muringo ogu arikumanyisamu abaheereza be ebiteekateeko bye.

4. (a) Yehova akakoresa rurimi ki kugamba na Musa, Samueli, na Daudi? (b) Baibuli erimu butumwa ki?

⁴ Yehova akagamba na Adamu omu musiri Edeni, arikukoresa orurimi rw’abantu. Naabaasa kuba yaagambire nawe omu Ruheburaayo orwa ira. Bwanyima akamanyisa ebiteekateeko bye abahandiiki ba Baibuli abaabaire nibagamba Oruheburaayo nka Musa, Samueli, na Daudi, kandi ebiteekateeko ebyo bakabihandiika omu muringo gwabo n’omu bigambo byabo. Oyihireho okuhandiika ebi Ruhanga yaabagambiire, bakahandiika aha ku yaabaire naakoragana n’abantu, otwariiremu okwikiriza kwabo, rukundo, n’enshobe zaabo. Ebi byona n’eby’omugasho obunaku obu.—Rom. 15:4.

5. Mbwenu shi Yehova akagyema abantu be kukoresa Oruheburaayo rwonka? Shoboorora.

⁵ Ruhanga taragumire naagamba n’abantu omu rurimi rumwe. Bamwe aha baheereza ba Ruhanga bwanyima y’okuruga omu bukwatwa Babulooni, bakatandika kugamba Orusiria. Yehova akahwera baanabi nka Danieli na Yeremia n’omunyamurwa Ezera kuhandiika ebitabo bimwe bya Baibuli omu rurimi rw’Abasiria. Kurugiirira aha bugambo obw’ahansi omu Baibuli ey’Orungyereza, Ebyahandiikirwe nka, Ezra 4:8; 7:12; Yeremia 10:11; na Danieli 2:4, omu kubanza bikaba bihandiikirwe omu Rusiria.

6. Ekigambo kya Ruhanga kikabaho kita omu ndimi ezindi rutari Ruheburaayo rwonka?

⁶ Bwanyima Alexander akahamba ebicweka bingi by’ensi, kandi Orugriika orurikwetwa Koine, rukatandika kukoresibwa omu bicweka bingi. Abayudaaya baingi bakatandika kugamba orurimi orwo, ekyarugiremu baavunuura Ebyahandiikirwe by’Oruheburaayo omu Rugriika. Ebyahandiikirwe ebyo ebyavunwirwe abantu 72, bikaba nibyetwa Septuagint. Egi niyo nvunuura ya Baibuli eyaabandize kandi eyaabaire eri ey’omugasho munonga. * Ahabw’abavunuuzi kuba baingi, bakatunga obukodyo bwingi bw’okuvunuura, nk’okuvunuura ebigambo nk’okubiri n’okuvunuura amakuru gaabyo. Abayudaaya abaabaire nibagamba Orugriika bakaba nibareeba Septuagint nk’ekigambo kya Ruhanga, kandi bwanyima n’Abakristaayo nikwo bakireebire.

7. Yesu naabaasa kuba yaakoreise rurimi ki kwegyesa abeegi be?

⁷ Omwana wa Ruhanga omujigaijo ku yaizire omu nsi, naabaasa kuba yaagambire Oruheburaayo kandi akarwegyesezamu. (Yoh. 19:20; 20:16; Byak. 26:14) Oruheburaayo rw’omu kyasha ky’okubanza nirubaasa kuba rwabaire rujwangiremu Orusiria, n’ahabw’ekyo, Yesu aine kuba yaakoreise bimwe aha bigambo by’Orusiria. Kwonka, akaba naamanya Oruheburaayo rw’abaheereza ba Ruhanga aba ira nka Musa na baanabi abandi, ahakuba rukaba nirushomwa buri saabiiti omuri Sinagogi. (Luk. 4:17-19; 24:44, 45; Byak. 15:21) Okwongyera ahari kyo, Orugriika n’Orulatini zikaba nizigambwa omuri Israeli. Ebyahandiikirwe tibirikworeka ngu Yesu nawe akakoresa endimi ezo.

8, 9. Ahabw’enki Abakristaayo baingi baakoreise Orugriika, kandi eki nikyoreka ki ahari Yehova?

⁸ Abakuratsi ba Yesu bakaba nibamanya Oruheburaayo, kwonka bwanyima y’okufa kwe, abeegi be bakagamba endimi ezindi. (Shoma Ebyakozirwe 6:1.) Ediini y’Ekikristaayo ku yaajanjaire, Abakristaayo bakaba  nibakira kugaaniira omu Rugriika. Buzima, ebitabo by’engiri ya Matayo, Mako, Luka, na Yohaana, ebirikugamba aha bi Yesu yaakozire n’ebi yaayegyeise, bikajanjaara munonga omu Rugriika. N’ahabw’ekyo, abeegi ba Yesu baingi bakaba bari Abagriika batari Baheburaayo. * Ebaruha ezi Paulo yaahandiikire n’ebitabo ebindi bikaba biriho omu Rugriika.

⁹ Abaahandiikire Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Orugriika ku baabaire bajuriza omu by’Oruheburaayo, bakaba baba nibakoresa Septuagint. Ebyahandiikirwe ebi, ebirikutaana kakye aha bigambo by’Oruheburaayo byenyine, hati ni bimwe aha Byahandiikirwe ebirikwera. N’ahabw’ekyo, ebi abavunuuzi abatahikiriire baavunwire hati biri omu Kigambo kya Ruhanga ekirikwera. Ekirikumanyisa ngu Ruhanga tarikushoroora omu nganda nari omu ndimi.—Shoma Ebyakozirwe 10:34.

10. Yehova okubaasisa abantu kutunga Ekigambo kye nikyoreka ki?

¹⁰ Kakye aku twaheza kwegaho aha ku Ruhanga arikugamba n’abantu, nikooreka ngu naagamba nabo kurugiirira aha byetengo n’embeera eziriho. Tarikutugyema kwega orurimi rumwe rwonka kubaasa kumumanya nari kumanya ebigyendererwa bye. (Shoma Zekaria 8:23; Okushuuruurwa 7:9, 10.) Yehova niwe yaahandiikiise Baibuli, kwonka akaikiriza ngu ehandiikwe omu miringo etarikushushana.

11. Ahabw’enki okubaho kw’endimi nyingi kutaremeise Ruhanga kuhurizana n’abantu?

¹¹ Mbwenu shi ahabw’okugira ngu abantu nibakoresa endimi zitarikushushana n’envunuura zitarikushushana kiremeise Ruhanga kuhurizana nabo? Ngaaha. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, nitubaasa kuba nitumanya ebigambo bikye omu rurimi oru Yesu yaakoreise. (Mat. 27:46; Mak. 5:41; 7:34; 14:36) Kwonka, Yehova akahamya ngu obutumwa bwa Yesu bwavunuurwa omu Rugriika na bwanyima omu ndimi ezindi. Bwanyima, Abayudaaya n’Abakristaayo bakaguma nibakopoorora ebihandiiko bya Baibuli emirundi mingi, kubaasa kurinda ebyahandiikirwe ebirikwera. Kandi ebi bikaija byavunuurwa omu ndimi ezindi nyingi munonga. Bwanyima y’emyaka nka 400 Yesu aherize kuruga omu nsi, omuhandiiki omwe orikwetwa John Chrysostom akagira ngu enyegyesa za Yesu zikaba zivunwirwe omu ndimi nk’Orusiria, Orunyamisiri, Oruhindi, Oruperusi, Oruesiopia, n’ezindi ndimi nyingi z’abantu.

12. Abaabaire nibavunuura Baibuli bakahiiganisibwa bata?

¹² Baibuli okuba omu ndimi nyingi kikaremesa okuteeraho kw’abantu kugicwekyereza nk’obu omutegyeki Diocletian owa Rooma, yaaragiira ngu Ebyahandiikirwe byona bicwekyerezibwe omu gwa 303. Abaabaire nibavunuura Ekigambo kya Ruhanga bakahiiganisibwa munonga. Omu kyasha kya 16, William Tyndale owaatandikire kuvunuura  Baibuli omu Rungyereza arikugiiha omu Ruheburaayo n’Orugriika, akagambira omushaija oshomire gye ati: “Ruhanga ku araakize amagara gangye, hatakahingwireho myaka mingi ninyija kureetera omwojo orikuhingisa ente kumanya gye Ebyahandiikirwe kukira iwe.” Tyndale akahunga yaaruga England yaaza omu bicweka ebindi ebya Europe. N’obu abeebembezi b’ediini baraabe baakozire orukwe rw’okwotsya Baibuli zoona ezi baabaire babona, zikeeyongyera kujanjaara munonga. Ekyarugiremu, Tyndale bakamuryamu orukwe kandi bamuniganiga bamwokyeza aha muti, kwonka Baibuli ei yaavunwire ekagumaho. Envunuura ya Tyndale ekajurizibwa munonga omu kuvunuura Baibuli eya King James.—Shoma 2 Timoseo 2:9.

13. Okucondooza aha bihandiiko ebya ira kworekire ki?

¹³ Baibuli ezimwe ezaatsigaireho zikaba zirimu enshobe nkye kandi zirimu ebintu ebimwe ebitarikushushana. Kwonka, enkumi n’enkumi z’ebihandiiko ebya ira, obucweka bwabyo, n’envunuura eza ira, bitwire nibigyeragyeranisibwa kandi birikushwijumwa n’obwegyendesereza abarikucondooza ahari Baibuli. Okucondooza oku kworekire ngu ebiri omu Baibuli ezo ebingi bihikire. Bwanyima y’okubigyeragyeranisa nibashanga ngu hariho emishororongo emwe erimu entaaniso nkye, kwonka etarikuhindurira kimwe obutumwa oburi omu Baibuli. Okucondooza nk’oku, nikuhamiza abarikushwijuma Baibuli ngu tukiine ebigambo byenyine ebi abahandiiki ba Baibuli baahandiikire barikuhwerwa Yehova.—Isa. 40:8. *

14. Obutumwa oburi omu Baibuli bujanjaire kirikwingana ki?

¹⁴ N’obu, haraabe hariho abarikuhiiganisa Baibuli, nikyo kitabo ekikizireyo kuvunuurwa omu nsi yoona. Nangwa n’obu baingi baakuba batarikwikiririza omuri Ruhanga nari baine okwikiriza kukye, Baibuli niyo ekizireyo kujanjaara kandi hati evunwirwe yoona nari omu bicweka omu ndimi nka 2,700. Tihariho kitabo ekibaasize kujanjaara nka Baibuli. Envunuura ezimwe eza Baibuli ti nungi kandi tizirikwetegyerezibwa nk’ezindi. Kwonka nabwo omu nvunuura za Baibuli zoona harimu obutumwa oburikutuha amatsiko g’okujunwa.

15. (a) Oburemeezi bw’orurimi busingwirwe buta? (b) Orungyereza ruhwereire ruta kujanjaaza eby’okurya by’omwoyo?

¹⁵ Omu kyasha ekihweire obu abeegi bakye ba Baibuli abeeziriki batooranwa kuba ‘omwambari omwesigwa kandi ow’obwengye,’ bakaba nibakira kugaaniira n’abaheereza ba Ruhanga abandi omu Rungyereza. (Mat. 24:45) “Omwambari” akozire kyona ekirikubaasika kureeba ngu eby’okurya  by’Omwoyo byabaho omu ndimi nyingi, kandi omubaro gw’endimi ezo gurengire ahari 700. Okushushana n’Orugriika orurikwetwa Koine orwabaire nirukoresibwa omu kyasha ky’okubanza, abantu nibakoresa Orungyereza kuvunuura endimi ezindi, ahakuba nirukoresibwa munonga omu by’obwegyese n’omu by’obushuubuzi.

16, 17. (a) Abaheereza ba Ruhanga bakaba nibeetenga ki? (b) Ekyetengo ekyo kikahikiirizibwa kita? (c) Omuri 1950 hakaba hariho matsiko ki aha bikwatiraine na New World Translation?

¹⁶ Eby’okurya by’omwoyo nibyegamira aha Baibuli. Ahagati y’ekyasha kya 20, envunuura ya Baibuli ey’Orungyereza eya King James eyaateirwe omuri 1611 niyo yaabaire neekira kukoresibwa. Kwonka, ekaba erimu Orungyereza oruhangwire. Kandi eiziina rya Ruhanga rikaba ririmu emirundi mikye, beitu omu bihandiiko bya Baibuli ebya ira eiziina rya Ruhanga rikaba ririmu emirundi enkumi n’enkumi. Envunuura ya Baibuli egyo ekaba erimu enshobe n’emishororongo endiijo etarikushangwa omu bihandiiko ebyabandize. Baibuli ezindi ezaavunwirwe omu Rungyereza nazo zikaba zirimu enshobe.

¹⁷ Baibuli erikukoresa orurimi orurikwihayo gye amakuru nk’ag’ebihandiiko ebyabandize ekaba neyetengyesa. Akakiiko k’Okuvunuura New World Bible kakatebeekanisibwa, kandi kumara emyaka ikumi kuruga omu 1950 kuhika 1960, envunuura ya Baibuli egyo ekashohozibwa omu bicweka mukaaga. Obu envunuura y’okubanza yaashohozibwa omu Kwamunaana 2, 1950, Ow’eishe-emwe N. H. Knorr akagambira abaabaire bari omu ruteerane oruhango ati: “Nihaguma nihabaho ekyetengo ky’okutunga envunuura erikukoresa orurimi orw’obunaku obu, erikuhikaana n’amazima agu tumanyire, kandi erikuguma neetuhwera kwongyera kumanya amazima erikuhamira aha makuru g’ebigambo ebiri omu bihandiiko ebyabandize; envunuura ei abantu b’obunaku obu barikwetegyereza nk’oku abantu baabutoosha kandi ab’ahansi baabaire nibeetegyereza ebi abeegi ba Yesu baahandiikire.” Akaba aine amatsiko ngu envunuura egi neija kuhwera obukaikuru bw’abantu kumanya Yehova.

18. Niki ekirahukize omurimo gw’okuvunuura Baibuli?

¹⁸ Ekyetengo ekyo kikahikiirizibwa omu 1963, obu New World Translation ey’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Orugriika yaashohozibwa omu ndimi ezindi mukaaga ezi: Orudaaki, Orufaraansa, Orugyamani, Oruitalia, Orupotuguezi, n’Oruspania. Omu 1989 Akakiiko Akareeberezi ak’Abajurizi ba Yehova kakataho ofiisi kuhwera omu murimo gw’okuvunuura Baibuli. Bwanyima omu 2005, endimi eziine Omunaara gw’Omurinzi zikaikirizibwa kuvunuura Baibuli egi. N’ekirugiremu, envunuura eya New World yoona nari omu bicweka, hati eriho omu ndimi ezirikurenga 130.

19. Niki ekyabaireho omu 2013, kandi ekicweka ekirikukurataho nikiza kugamba ahari ki?

¹⁹ Ku haahingwireho obwire, kikeeyoreka ngu New World Translation ey’Orungyereza eine kuhindurwamu kuhikaana n’empindahinduka ezibaireho omu Rungyereza. Okwaikumi 5 na 6 2013, abantu 1,413,676 kuruga omu mahanga 31 bakaba bariho nari barikuhurira ebirikugambwa omu ruteerane rw’omwaka orwa 129 orurikutebeekanisibwa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Boona bakashemererwa munonga kureeba omwe ori aha Akakiiko Akareeberezi arikuranga New World Translation ey’Orungyereza ehindwirwemu. Baingi ku baatungire Baibuli egi bakarira ahabw’okushemererwa kwingi. Abantu ku baashomire bimwe aha biri omu Baibuli ensya, bakareeba ngu Ekigambo kya Ruhanga omu Rungyereza hati nikyetegyerezibwa gye. Ekicweka ekirikukurataho nikiza kwongyera kushoboorora gye ebirikukwata aha Baibuli egi ensya, n’oku erikuvunuurwa omu ndimi ezindi.