Anto lay Agawa ed Impiernon-apoy?

ANTOY iisipen mo nipaakar ed salitan “impierno”? Kasin momoriaen mo so impierno bilang literal a pasen na apoy tan asupre, na agmanganggan irap tan ot-ot? Odino kasin say impierno so nayarin simbolikon deskripsion na sakey a kipapasen?

Diad loob na saray siglo, say mangapuy-apoy ya impierno na makapaot-ot ya irap so impasen na saray relihyoson lider na Kakristianoan bilang say seguradon pansumpalan na saray makasalanan. Sayan ideya so siansian popular diad limog na dakel nin relihyon. “Pinabantog na Inkakristiano so salitan impierno,” kuan na U.S.News & World Report, “balet say doktrinan impierno so aliwan dia labat ed Inkakristiano. Say panamagyaw nipaakar ed ansakit a panangibales diad biek a bilay so walaay piparaan ed amin lawarin angkabaleg a relihyon ed mundo tan ontan met ed arum ya ankelag a relihyon.” Papanisiaan na saray Hindu, Buddhista, Muslim, Jain, tan Taoista a nambabangil so nengneng na impierno.

Balet, nauman la natan so ideya ed impierno unong ed modernon pakatalos. “Anggaman wala niray manisia ed karaanan ya ideyan manliob ya apoy,” kuan na asalambit lan magasin, “saray modernon panmoria nipaakar ed magnayon a kaukom bilang agmarakep a pakabartolina so onlelesa, a mangisusuherin say impierno so aliwa manayan ampetapetang.”

Oniay ibabaga na Jesuit a magasin a La Civiltà Cattolica: “Makapalingo . . . ya isipen a say Dios, panamegley na saray demonyo, so makapataktakot a mamapairap ed saramay akondena diad ontan ya apoy.” Inyarum na satan: “Wala so impierno, ya aliwan sakey a pasen noagta sakey a kipapasen na say toon manasagmak na gonigon lapud inkisian to ed Dios.” Nen 1999 et inkuan nen Pope John Paul II: “Imbes a sakey a pasen, say impierno so mangipapatnag ed kipapasen na saramay mabulos tan desididon mangisian na inkasikara ed Dios, say lapuan na amin a bilay tan gayaga.” Nipaakar ed saray ideyan say impierno so mangapuy-apoy a pasen, oniay inkuanto: “Ipapatnag na saratan so sigpot ya inkaandi na ilalo tan kaapaan na bilay ya anggapo so Dios.” No indeskribe na papa so impierno bilang “manliob tan walay demonyon akakawes na ambalanga tan di-awit na andukey a tinidor, ag-itan panisiaan na saray totoo,” so kuan na manag-awaran ed iglesia a si Martin Marty.

Nagagawa met iray parehon pananguman ed arum niran relihyoson organisasyon. Oniay inreport na grupo na totoon makan-obligasyon ed doktrina na Church of England: “Say impierno so aliwan magnayon a kapairap, balet satan so unor tan agnapaliisan a pilien a kurso ed bilay na samay sigpot tan petepeteg a sumpa ed Dios a say anggaan labat na satan et say sigpot a pakaandi.”

Inukeran na say katekismo na United States Episcopal Church so impierno bilang “magnayon ya ipapatey lapud pangipupulisay tayo ed Dios.” Inkuan na U.S.News & World Report ya ondarakel so totoon mangiyaalibansa ed ideyan “say anggaan na marelmeng et kadederal, aliwan magnayon a panirap. . . . Ipipilit [da] a saramay  mangipulisay ed Dios diad kaunoran so peteg a naandi ed kiwawala diad ‘manangakmon ya apoy’ na impierno.”

Anggaman say tendensia natan et say pangipulisay ed ideyan apoy tan asupre, dakel nin siansia so manutumbok ed sisiaen a say impierno et literal a pasen na kapairap. Oniay inkuan nen Albert Mohler na Southern Baptist Theological Seminary ed Louisville, Kentucky, E.U.A.: “Malinew a tutukoyen na Kasulatan so impierno bilang literal a pasen na mangapuy-apoy a kapairap.” Tan oniay inkuan na report a The Nature of Hell, ya imparaan na Evangelical Alliance Commission: “Say impierno et say naliknan pakasagmak ed kipulisay tan kapairap.” Inyarum ni na satan: “Walaray laknab na dusa tan panirap ed impierno unong ed kinabelat na saray kasalanan ya agawaan diad dalin.”

Lamet, kasin say impierno et mangapuy-apoy a pasen na magnayon a kapairap odino kadederal? Odino kasin kipapasen lambengat itan na inkisian ed Dios? Anton talaga so impierno?

[Kahon/Saray litrato ed pahina 4]

Antikey a Salaysay Nipaakar ed Impiernon-apoy

KAPIGAN inadapta na saramay mankuan a Kristiano so doktrinan impiernon-apoy? Kayari la na panaon nen Jesu-Kristo tan saray apostol to. Inkuan na Pranses ya Encyclopædia Universalis a “say Apocalypse of Peter (koma-2 siglo K.P.) so primeron [apokripal] a libro na Kristiano ya aneskribe ed panagdusa tan panagpairap ed saray makasalanan diad impierno.”

Anggaman ontan, walay agpanpapaknaan diad limog na saray Ama na Iglesia nipaakar ed impierno. Panisiaan di Justin Martyr, Clement na Alexandria, Tertullian, tan Cyprian a say impierno et sakey a mangapuy-apoy a pasen. Minoria nen Origen tan say teologon si Gregory na Nyssa so impierno bilang sakey a pasen na inkisian ed Dios, sakey a pasen na espiritual a panirap. Diad biek a dapag, panisiaan nen Augustine na Hippo a say paniirap ed impierno so espiritual tan nalikna met ed pisikal​—sakey a panmorian aabobonan. “Kasabi na komaliman siglo, tinmalona ed inerman a pasen so maruksan doktrina a saray makasalanan so andian la na komaduan pankanawnawa kayari na sayan bilay tan say apoy a mangakmon ed sikara so agbalot naerep,” so insulat nen Propesor J.N.D. Kelly.

Diad koma-16 a siglo et atalosan na saray managreporman Protestanti a singa si Martin Luther tan John Calvin so mangapuy-apoy a kapairap ed impierno bilang mangililitrato ed andi-anggaan a kisian ed Dios. Balet, kayari na duaran siglo et pinmawil so ideyan say impierno so sakey a pasen na kapairap. Panamegley na saray makolor a retrato na impierno et tinaktakot na Protestantin managkalar a si Jonathan Edwards so Colonial Americans nen koma-18 siglo.

Balet, kayarin tuloy na satan, say dalang na impierno so kinmuyep tan narep. “Say koma-20 a siglo so panaon na inkaandi lawari na impierno,” so kuan na U.S.News & World Report.

[Saray litrato]

Sinisia nen Justin Martyr a say impierno et mangapuy-apoy a pasen

Imbangat nen Augustine na Hippo a say paniirap ed impierno so espiritual tan pisikal