Say Abalang a Libro nen John Milton

MATALTALAG itay sakey a managsulat a walaan na baleg ya impluensya diad panaon to, a singa si John Milton, say autor na andukerukey ya anlong a Paradise Lost diad Inglatera. Unong ed sakey a managsulat, si Milton et “pinabli na karaklan, binusol na arum, balet dagdaiset so agmakaamta ed sikato.” Diad sayan panaon, baleg so agawaan na saray sulat to ed saray literatura tan kultura na Inglatera.

Panon a nagmaliw ya ontan so impluensya nen John Milton? Akin a nagmaliw a kontrobersial so unor a libro ton, On Christian Doctrine, kanian ag-itan nipalapag ed loob na 150 a taon?

Say Impanugaw To

Nen 1608, nianak si John Milton ed mayaman a pamilya diad London. “Siak so imparaan la nen amak sanen ugaw ak ni pian manaral ed saray sulsulat, a naninteresan ko met a maong kanian manlapu la’d nen labinduay taon ko et naynay lan pasado alas-dose so iyuugip ko lapud labalabay koy manaral,” so nanonotan nen Milton. Sikato so nagmaliw a marundunong ya estudyante tan akaawat na master’s degree diad Cambridge nen 1632. Diad saginonor, sikato so nantultuloy nin nambasa na saray libro nipaakar ed awaran tan saray karaanan a literatura na Gresya tan Roma.

Labay nen Milton so magmaliw a manag-anlong, balet diad panaon to et walay rebolusyon ed Inglatera. Say Parliamento, a say lider na satan et si Oliver Cromwell, so anuro na sakey a korte a nansentensia na ipapatey ed si King Charles I nen 1649. Diad impangusar to ed makapasagyat a sulat ton mainomay a natalosan na karaklan, indepensa nen Milton iyan ginawa ra tan sikato so nagmaliw a pinagkasangiyan na gobierno nen Cromwell. Diad tua, antis a sikatoy ombantog bilang manag-anlong, si John Milton so kabkabat la lapud saray pulyeto to nipaakar ed politika tan moralidad.

Sanen nipawil so monarkya tan akoronaan si Charles II nen 1660, say impanuporta nensaman nen Milton ed si Cromwell so ameligro ed bilay to. Si Milton so nanamot-amot, tan apaliisan to so ipapatey diad tulong na maimpluensya iran kakaaro to. Anggaman ed saratan, apansiansia to so mabiskeg ya interes to ed relihyoso iran tema.

‘Say Biblia Bilang Alenleneg a Basiyan’

Oniay insulat nen Milton sanen deneskribe to so interes to ed maespiritual iran bengatla nensaman: “Sanen ugaw ak ni, nanggunaetan kon aralen a maong so Daan tan Balon Sipan diad orihinal iran lenguahe na saratan.” Impasen nen Milton so Masanton Kasulatan bilang say alenleneg a napanmatalkan a giya ed moral tan espiritual a pamaakaran. Balet sikato so adisdismaya sanen inusisa to iray relihyoson babasaen ed panaon to. “Ninonot ko ya agko nimatalek ed saratan a babasaen iray sisiaen ko odino say ilalok a kilalaban,” so insulat to ed saginonor. Lapud sikatoy porsigido a manusisa ed saray sisiaen to unong labat ed ‘Biblia bilang say alenleneg a basiyan,’ inlista nen Milton iray importantin teksto na Biblia a manusuporta ed kada tema tan inaon to iray teksto na Biblia manlapud saratan a listaan.

Natan, si John Milton so agnalingwanan ed impangisulat to ed Paradise Lost, sakey a maanlong ya impangisalaysay ed rekord na Biblia nipaakar ed inkaplag na too ed ag-inkayadyari. (Genesis, kapitulo 3) Sayan sulat ya inmunan nipalapag nen 1667 so sengegay imbantog nen Milton bilang autor, nagkalalo la ed limog na saray mansasalitay Ingles. Diad saginonor et impalapag to so  katuloyan na sayan libro ya apauloan na Paradise Regained. Niparungtal ed sarayan anlong so nipaakar ed orihinal a gagala na Dios ed too, salanti, say panggayaga ra ed ayadyarin bilay diad paraiso ed dalin, tan impabitar na satan so pangipawil na Dios ed Paraiso diad dalin panamegley nen Kristo. Alimbawa, diad libron Paradise Lost, impasakbay nen Miguel ya arkanghel so panaon a “tumangan [nen Kristo] iray matoor ed sikato, tan ipagamor to so magnayon a liket, balanglan diad tawen odino dalin, lapud diad satan a panaon et magmaliw lan paraiso so dalin, a mas maliket nen samay diad Eden, tan mas maliket iran panaon.”

Say Libro Ton On Christian Doctrine

Diad loob na pigaran taon, labay met nen Milton so mangisulat na libro a malaknab a manisingbat ed kabibilay tan doktrina na Kristiano. Anggaman sikatoy abulag la nen 1652, sikato so nansagpot ed sayan proyekto diad tulong na saray sekretaryo to anggad impatey to nen 1674. Sayan unor ya insulat nen Milton so pinauloan toy A Treatise on Christian Doctrine Compiled From the Holy Scriptures Alone. Diad paunan-salita na satan, oniay insulat to: “Maslak iran autor ya aningbat ed sayan tema . . . so angitarya na nota ed gilig na saray pahina, ya anukoy na daiset labat a kapitulo tan bersikulo, saray teksto na Biblia ya angibasiyan da ed amin ya imbangat da. Balet ta siak et pinanopanok iray pahinak na saray teksto ya inaon ed amin a parte na Biblia.” Tua so inkuan nen Milton lapud masulok a 9,000 a teksto na Biblia so atukoy odino inaon ed libro ton On Christian Doctrine.

Anggaman diad gapo et magunaet si Milton a mangipaamta ed saray sisiaen to, agto ni impalapag iyan libro. Akin? Say sakey a rason et lapud amta to a saray impaliwawa to unong ed Kasulatan et mikontraan ed aawaten a bangat na simbaan. Niarum ni, sikato so agla papaboran na gobierno sanen nipawil so monarkya. Kanian kinaukolan ton alagaren so mas maabig a pankanawnawa. Antokaman so kipapasen, kayari na impatey nen Milton et inawit na sekretaryo to so Latin a manuskrito ed sakey ya imprintaan, balet ta agda labay itan ya iyimprinta. Insan kinompiska itan na sakey ya opisyal na gobierno na Inglatera tan inyatol to. Linmabas ni so 150 taon insan adiskobre itan a libro nen Milton.

Nen 1823, aromog na sakey a clerk so abalkot a manuskrito na bantog a manag-anlong. Si King George IV, a manuuley ed saman diad Inglatera, so angiganggan ya ipatalos itan manlapud Latin insan ipaway ed publiko. Sanen nipalapag itan ed Ingles kayari na duay taon, say manuskrito so nansengegan na pirmin debati ed limog na saray teologo tan managsulat. Sakey ya obispo so tampol ya angiyabawag a say lugan na satan a manuskrito et panamalikdo, ya agto panisiaan a si Milton, ya impasen na karaklan bilang sankatalonggaringan a manag-anlong ed Inglatera nipaakar ed relihyon, so mapekder ya angipulisay ed papablien iran doktrina na simbaan. Lapud iilaloan  na sakey a managpatalos so reaksion na arum tan bilang panamekder ed impangisulat nen Milton ed satan, impalapag to so edisyon a walaan na saray paimano’d-leksab ya angidetalye ed 500 a pampadparaan na On Christian Doctrine tan say Paradise Lost. *

Saray Sisiaen nen Milton

Diad panaon nen Milton, inawat na Inglatera so Protestantin Repormasyon tan sinmian ed Iglesia Katolika Romana. Say kaslakan a papanisiaan na saray Protestanti et nepeg ya ibase labat ed Masanton Kasulatan so pananisia tan saray moral, ya aliwan ed say papa. Balet diad libro ton On Christian Doctrine, impabitar nen Milton a sumlang ed Biblia so dakel a bangat tan gagawaen na Protestanti. Diad impangusar to ed Biblia bilang basiyan, impulisay to so doktrina nen Calvin a “nigetar la’d gapo so pansumpalan na too,” insan to sinuportaan so bangat nipaakar ed bulos a panagdesisyon. Inyalibansa to met so marespeton pangusar ed ngaran na Dios, a Jehova, a mabetbet ton inusar ed saray sulat to.

Inkatunongan nen Milton unong ed Kasulatan a say kamarerwa et ompatey. Oniay insulat to sanen kinomentoan to so Genesis 2:7: “Sanen apalsa so too ed onian paraan, inkuan to ed kaunoran: say too sirin so nagmaliw a mabilay a kamarerwa. . . . [Say too] et aliwan nankadua odino nayarin mansian, a singa ed nononoten na karaklan, ag-itan apawala tan atibukel a walaan na duaran nambiigan a kabiangan, say kamarerwa tan laman. Imbes, say interon too so kamarerwa, tan say kamarerwa et say too.” Insan oniay intepet nen Milton: “Kasin ompatey so interon too, odino say laman lambengat?” Kayari ton impabitar so dakerakel a teksto na Biblia a mamapaneknek a say interon too et ompatey, oniay inyarum to: “Balet say makakombinsin tuloy ya ebidensya ya ompatey so kamarerwa et say mismon ibabaga na Dios, diad Ezequiel 18:20: say kamarerwan mankakasalanan et ompatey a mismo.” Insitas met nen Milton so Lucas 20:37 tan Juan 11:25 a mangipapabitar a say ilalo na inaatey a katooan et say iyoli ra ed bilay diad arapen.

Anto so sengegan na pirmin insumpa ed libron On Christian Doctrine? Say simpli balet ta mapuersan paneknek na Biblia a si Kristo, say Anak na Dios, so onkokomadua labat ed Dios, say Ama. Kayari ton inaon so Juan 17:3 tan Juan 20:17, oniay intepet nen Milton: “No say Ama et Dios nen Kristo tan Dios tayo, tan no saksakey so Dios, siopa ni sirin so Dios nilikud ed Ama?”

Niarum ni, oniay impabitar nen Milton: “Impabitar a mismo na Anak tan saray apostol to diad amin ya imbaga tan insulat da a say Ama so babaleg nen say Anak ed amin a bengatla.” (Juan 14:28) “On, si Kristo so angibaga, diad Mat. 26.29: O Amak, no nayari, onlabas komon iyan kopa ed siak; anggaman ontan, aliwan say linawak, noagta say linawam. . . . Akin a sikatoy manpipikasi lambengat ed Ama, imbes a diad sikaton dili, no talagan sikato so Dios? No sikato so parehon too tan sankatageyan a Dios, akin a sikatoy manpikasi ni ed bengatlan sarag ton gawaen? . . . No panon a say Anak so mangigagalang tan mangidadayew ed Ama lambengat, ontan met so ibabangat ton gawaen tayo.”

Saray Kalilingoan nen Milton

Inanap nen John Milton so katuaan. Balet, sikato nin siansia so walaan na kalilingoan bilang too, tan arum ed saray panmoria to so impluensyado na makapuy iran naeksperiensya to. Singa bilang, kayarin tuloy na kasal da, say inasawa ton malangwer a marikit na hasyendero a manusuporta ed ari so anaynan ed sikato tan pinmawil ed pamilya to ed loob na taloy taon. Diad satan a panaon, insulat nen Milton iray pulyeton mangikakatunongan ed diborsyo, ya aliwan makasengeg labat ed pikakalugoran ya alenleneg a basiyan ya imbaga nen Jesus, noagta diad saray kipapasen ya agmakapanpaknaan so sanasawa. (Mateo 19:9) Sayan ideya so inyalibansa nen Milton ed libro ton On Christian Doctrine.

Anggaman ed saray kalilingoan nen Milton, say libro ton On Christian Doctrine so mapuersan angiparungtal ed panmoria na Biblia nipaakar ed dakerakel ya importantin bangat. Anggad sayan panaon, say libro to so mamapaseseg ed saray managbasa ed satan ya itunos da iray sisiaen da ed napanmatalkan a basiyan, salanti, say Masanton Kasulatan.

[Paimano ed leksab]

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Si Milton et maseet ya estudyante na Biblia

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Libren inter na The Early Modern Web at Oxford

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Binmantog si Milton lapud anlong ton “Paradise Lost”

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Libren inter na The Early Modern Web at Oxford

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Abalang ed loob na 150 a taon so unor a libro ya insulat nen Milton

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Say litrato et libren inter na Rare Books and Special Collections, Thomas Cooper Library, University of South Carolina

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Say litrato et libren inter na Rare Books and Special Collections, Thomas Cooper Library, University of South Carolina