Anango angaganize kuti kutsumbudzulira Baibolo mawu na mawu, kungathandize kuti munthu yemwe ankuwerenga abvese mosashupa vomwe vidafotokozewa mu viyankhulo voyambirira. Koma vikhalalini teneuyo nthawe zose. Naboni tiwone vifukwa vinango:

• Malamulo ya chiyankhulo, kanembedwe ka mawu komasoti kalongedzedwe ka mawu visiyana mu viyankhulo vosiyanasiyana. Munthu munango wodziwa maninge chiyankhulo cha Chiheberi, dzina yake S. R. Driver, adanemba kuti viyankhulo “visiyana malamulo ya kanembedwe ka mawu yake komasoti . . . njira yomwe mpfundo zilongedzerewa.” Wanthu omwe ayankhula viyankhulo vosiyana aganiza pomwe mosiyana. Driver, adanena pomwe kuti “ndipomwapa kakonzedwe ka mawu mu viyankhulo vosiyana kasiyanambo.”

• Palibe chiyankhulo chomwe mawu komasoti malamulo yake yakanembedwe ni yolingana ndendende na ya Chiheberi, Chiaramu na Chigiriki chomwe adachiphatisa basa ponemba Baibolo. Ndipomwapa Baibolo yotsumbudzuliriwa mawu na mawu ingakhale yoshupa kubva ndipo nthawe zinango ingakhale na tanthauzo yophonyeka.

• Tanthauzo ya mawu ingachinje mobverana na momwe ayaphatisira basa.

M’mawu yanango, otsumbudzulira angaphatise basa mawu ya chiyankhulo choyambirira, koma afunika kusamala maninge pakuchita vimwevi.

 Naboni tiwone vitsanzo vomwe vinkuwonesa kuti kutsumbudzulira mawu na mawu kungachitise kuti munthu abve vophonyeka:

• Malemba yaphatisa basa mawu yakuti “tulo” komasoti “kugona” yakambanena va tulo chaito komasoti impfa. (Mateyu 28:13; Machitidwe 7:60) Mawu mwaya yakaphatisiwa basa pakunena va impfa, otsumbudzulira Baibolo angaphatise basa mawu yakuti “kugona mu impfa” panango yakuti “kumwalira” kuti omwe ankuwerenga osati asokonezeke.—1 Akorinto 7:39; 1 Atesalonika 4:13; 2 Petulo 3:4.

• Ntumi Paulo adaphatisa basa mawu yomwe yankugumanika pa Aefeso 4:14 yomwe kuyatsumbudzulira mawu na mawu yangabveke kuti “pakuchita maere ya wanthu na kabola.” Mawu yosabveseseka mwaya yambanena va kuchitira anango vinthu viribe chilungamo pakuphatisa basa kabola kochitira maere. Koma mu viyankhulo vizinji mawu mwaya yakatsumbudzuliriwa mawu na mawu yakhala yosabveka. Tanthauzo yake ibveka bwino yakatsumbudzuluriwa kuti “vinthu viribe chilungamo vomwe wanthu apfunzisa.”

• Pa Aroma 12:11, adaphatisa basa mawu ya Chigiriki yomwe yakatsumbudzuliriwa mawu na mawu yanena kuti “mpakana kuwira mzimu.” Muchiphimbi mawu mwaya yankubvekalini tanthauzo yomwe ikufunika pa lemba mweyi. Ndipomwapa mu Baibolo mweyi yadatsumbudzuliriwa kuti “gakani na mzimu.”

• Pa ulaliki wake wobvekera maninge wa pa phiri, Yesu adaphatisa basa mawu yomwe nthawe zizinji yatsumbudzuliriwa kuti: “Wokondwa na wosauka mu mzimu.” (Mateyu 5:3, King James Version) Koma mu viyankhulo vizinji mawu mwaya yakatsumbudzuliriwa mawu na mawu yabvekalini bwino. Nthawe zinango kundotsumbudzulira mawu mwaya mawu na mawu kupereka tanthauzo yakuti “osauka mu mzimu muyo” misolo yawo ni yosokonezeka, alibe mphanvu komasoti okaikirakaikira pakuchita vinthu. Koma pamwapa Yesu ambapfunzisa wanthu mpfundo yakuti angakhale okondwa, osati ndawa yakuti agumana vinthu vomwe ambafuna, koma ndawa yozindikira kuti afunika kutsogolerewa na Mulungu. (Luka 6:20) Pamwapa tanthauzo yake chaiyo ikubveka bwino yakatsumbuidzuliriwa kuti, “wanthu omwe azindikira vosowa vawo vauzimu” panango kuti “wanthu omwe ankuzindikira kuti ankufunikira Mulungu.”—Mateyu 5:3; The New Testament in Modern English.

• M’malo yazinji mawu ya Chiheberi yomwe adayatsumbudzulira kuti “ntsanje” yanatanthauzo yolingana na mawu ya Chiphimbi. Mawu mwaya yatanthauza kukalipa ndawa yakuti vinkuwoneka kuti munzathu ankuchita vinthu vosakhulupirika panango kuipidwa na wanthu anango ndawa ya vinthu vomwe anavo. (Miyambo 6:34; Yesaya 11:13) Koma mawu ya Chiheberi mwayo yatanthauza pomwe  vinthu vabwino. Mwakulinganiza, yangaphatisiwe basa pakunena va “khama” panango ntima womwe Yahova anawo wofunisisa kuteteza wanthu wake panango ‘wofuna kuti wanthu ambadzipereke kwa iye yekha.’ (Ekisodo 34:14; 2 Mafumu 19:31; Ezekieli 5:13; Zekariya 8:2) Yangaphatisiwe pomwe basa pakunena va “khama” yomwe atumiki wake okhulupirika ali nayo pakutumikira Mulungu panango ntima wawo ‘wosalekerera kuti wanthu ambapikisane’ na Mulungu.—Salimo 69:9; 119:139; Numeri 25:11.

• Mawu ya Chiheberi yomwe nthawe zizinji yanena va djanja ya munthu, yali na matanthauzo yosiyanasiyana. Mobverana na momwe yaphatisiriwa basa, mawu mwaya yangatanthauze “ulamuliro,” “kupereka mosaumira,” panango “mphanvu.” (2 Samueli 8:3; 1 Mafumu 10:13; Miyambo 18:21) Ndipo mawu mwaya yadatsumbudzuliriwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana zoposha 40 mu Baibolo ya dziko inyowani ya Chingerezi.

Tikaganizira mpfundo zimwezi, ni vowonekeratu kuti kutsumbudzulira Baibolo sikuti ni basa yakundotsumbudzulira mawu yolingana na chiyankhulo choyambirira palipose pomwe yankugumanika. Wotsumbudzulira afunika kuganiza maninge kuti asankhule bwino mawu yomwe yanatanthauzo chaiyo ya mawu ya chiyankhulo choyambirira. Komasoti kuti mawu yakhale yosashupa kuwerenga, afunika kuyanemba mobverana na malamulo ya kanembedwe mu chiyankhulo chake.

Koma pochita vimwevi afunika kupewa kufotokozera maninge mawu. Wotsumbudzulira yemwe andofotokozera mawu ya m’Baibolo mobverana na vomwe iye ankubva pa lemba mwiyo angasokoneze tanthauzo chaiyo ya mawu mwayo. Ko angachite tani vimwevi? Wotsumbudzulira angaphonyese pakuingizira maganizo yake nkumbaganiza kuti ni vomwe malemba mwaya yankutanthauza panango angachose mpfundo zinango zofunika zomwe zenze m’mawu ya viyankhulo voyambirira. Olo kuti ma Baibolo yomwe yadafotokozera maninge vinthu potsumbudzulira yashupalini kuwerenga, nthawe zinango vimwevi vikangisa wanthu kubva ntontholo chaiwo womwe wenze m’malemba mwayo.

Vinthu vomwe otsumbudzulira akhulupirira vingachitise pomwe kuti mawu yomwe yakutsumbudzuliriwa yakhale chaiyo panango neye. Mwakulinganiza, lemba ya Mateyu 7:13 inena kuti: “Nsewu womwe unkutsogolera wanthu kukachenekewa ni wophanyuka.” Otsumbudzulira anango adaphatisa basa mawu yakuti “kuhelo” m’malo mwa mawu yakuti “unkutsogolera wanthu kukachenekewa” yomwe yankubverana na tanthauzo ya mawu ya Chigiriki yomwe yali pa lemba mweyi. Iwo adachita vimwevi kuti vibverane na vomwe vipembedzo vawo vikhulupirira.

Wotsumbudzulira Baibolo afunika pomwe kuganizira mpfundo yakuti pakunemba Baibolo adaphatisira basa mawu yosashupa yomwe wanthu osapfunzira ninge alimi, anyakabusa komasoti osodza ambaphatisa basa ntsiku na ntsiku. (Nehemiya 8:8, 12; Machitidwe 4:13) Ndipomwapa Baibolo yotsumbudzuliriwa bwino ifotokoza ntontholo wosashupa ndipo wanthu wa ntima wabwino akwanisa kubvesa viribe basa kuti ni wachikhalidwe chiponi panango dera yomwe akhala. Manje otsumbudzulira afunika kuphatisa basa mawu yobveka bwino, yodziwika komasoti yomwe wanthu osapfunzira maninge angakwanise kuyabva mosashupa m’malo mophatisira basa mawu yomwe wanthu akondalini kuyaphatisira basa.

 Palibe vifukwa vobveka, otsumbudzulira Baibolo azinji achosa dzina ya Mulungu yakuti Yahova m’Mabaibolo yomwe ankutsumbudzulira ntsiku zino. Iwo achita vimwevi olo kuti dzina mweyi inkugumanika m’mipukutu yakalekale ya Baibolo. (Onani Vakumapeto A4.) M’Mabaibolo yazinji adachosa dzina mweyi nkuikhamo dzina ya udindo yakuti “Ambuya” ndipo anango achitisa kuti wanthu anango aleke kudziwa vakuti Mulungu anadzina chaiyo. Mwakulinganiza, pemphero ya Yesu yomwe iri pa Yohani 17:26 adaitsumbudzulira kuti: “Nachitisa kuti iwo akudziweni,” ndipo pa Yohani 17:6, “Adati ine nawadziwisa va Imwepo wanthu omwe mudanipasa.” Koma Baibolo yomwe idatsumbudzulira pemphero ya Yesu mweyi mobveka bwino inena kuti: “Ine nachitisa kuti iwo adziwe dzina yanu,” komasoti kuti “wanthu omwe mudawatenga mu dziko nkunipasa, ine nawadziwisa dzina yanu.”

Mobverana na vomwe Baibolo ya dziko inyowani ya Chingerezi yoyambirira idanena m’mawu yoyamba idati “isepano tiribe kufotokozera Malemba. Pa malo yomwe venze vokwanisika kuphatisa basa mawu yamanjeuno ya Chingerezi potsumbudzulira mawu na mawu ndipo pomwe tidawona kuti kuchita vimwevi kuchinjelini tanthauzo chaiyo ya mawu mwayo panango kuchitisa kuti ileke kubveka bwino, tayesesa kutsumbudzulira mawu na mawu.” Ndipomwapa Komiti Yotsumbudzulira Baibolo ya dziko inyowani yayesesa kuphatisa basa mawu komasoti kuyanemba molingana na momwe yadanemberewa mu chiyankhulo choyambirira. Koma olo nteno yaonesesa pomwe kuti osati aphatise basa mawu yoshupa kuwerenga komasoti yomwe yangachitise kuti wanthu aleke kubva tanthauzo yake. Vimwevi vachitisa kuti Baibolo mweyi ikhale yosashupa kuwerenga ndipo omwe ankuwerenga angakaikirelini olo pang’ono kuti ntontholo wake wouziriwa udatsumbudzuliriwa mobveka bwino.—1 Atesalonika 2:13.