MSOLO 13
“Alibe kubverana navo”
Nkhani ya mdulidwe idayenda ku bungwe yotonga
Nkhani mweyi yachokera pa Machitidwe 15:1-12
1-3. (a) Ko ni nkhani iponi yomwe idakachitisa kuti igawanise wanthu mu mpingo wa Chikhrisitu womwe udandoyamba manjemanje? (b) Ko kupfunzira nkhani ya m’bukhu ya Machitidwe mweyi kungatithandize tani?
PAULO na Baranaba enze okondwa maninge. Iwo enze adandofika manjemanje mu thaundi ya Antiokeya wa ku Siriya kuchokera ku ulendo wawo woyamba wa umishonale. Atumi mwawa adakondwa ndawa Yahova wenze “adafungula pomwe nsuwo kuti wanthu wa makhaindi yanango akhale wokhulupirira.” (Mac. 14:26, 27) Akhrisitu adalalikira ntontholo wabwino mu thaundi mose mwa Antiokeya, ndipo wanthu “azinji” wa makhaindi yanango adakhulupirira ndipo adangena mu mpingo wa Chikhrisitu omwe wenze kumuko.—Mac. 11:20-26.
2 Palibe kupita nthawe nkhani yokomedza yolewa va mpingo idafika ku Yudeya. Koma m’malo mwakuti wanthu wose akomedzewe nayo, nkhani mweyi idachitisa kuti nkhani ya mdulidwe yomwe yenzepo kale ifike poshupa maninge. Ko penze ubale uponi pakati pa Akhrisitu wa Chiyuda na wamakhaindi yanango, ndipo Akhrisitu wamakhaindi yanango mwawa ambafunika kuwona tani Chilamulo cha Mose? Nkhani mweyi idachitisa kuti pakhale kusabvana kukulu komwe kudakagawanisa wanthu mu mpingo wa Chikhrisitu moyu. Koma ko nkhani mweyi adakaimalisa tani?
3 Tingapfunzire mpfundo zizinji zothandiza tikambawerenga nkhani mweyi mu bukhu ya Machitidwe. Mpfundo zimwezi zingatithandize kuchita vinthu mwanzeru peno wanthu anango mu mpingo angayambise nkhani yomwe ingagawanise wanthu mu mpingo mumo.
“Mukaleka kuchitiwa mdulidwe mobverana na mwambo wa Mose, mungapulumukelini” (Machitidwe 15:1)
4. Ko Akhrisitu anango wa Chiyuda ambalimbikisa maganizo yophonyeka yaponi, ndipo vimwevi vinkubweresa m’bvunzo uponi?
4 Luka adanemba kuti: “Amuna anango ochokera ku Yudeya adayamba kupfunzisa abale kuti: ‘Mukaleka kuchitiwa mdulidwe mobverana na mwambo wa Mose, mungapulumukelini.’” (Mac. 15:1) Tinkudziwalini peno amuna anango mwawa pakuyamba enze Afalisi akanati kukhala Akhrisitu. Koma vinkuwoneka kuti iwo angaganiza ninge Afalisi omwe enze Ayuda wa mpatuko ongingimira maninge malamulo. Kuingizira pamwapa, vinkuwoneka kuti iwo ambalewa kuti atumiwa na atumi komasoti akulu wa ku Yerusalemu. (Mac. 15:23, 24) Koma ko ndawa chani Akhrisitu wa Chiyuda mwawa ambalimbikisa nkhani ya mdulidwe olo kuti penze padapita magole pafupifupi 13 kuchokera pomwe ntumi Petulo motsogolerewa na Mulungu, adatambira wanthu osaduliwa wamakhaindi yanango mu mpingo wa Chikhrisitu? a—Mac. 10:24-29, 44-48.
5, 6. (a) Ndawa chani Akhrisitu azinji wa Chiyuda ambalimbikira nkhani ya mdulidwe? (b) Ko pangano ya mdulidwe yenze mbali ya pangano ya Abulahamu? Fotokozani. (Onani mawu ya m’nyantsi
5 Iwo enze na vifukwa vizinji. Chifukwa chakuyamba ni chakuti Yahova ni yemwe adalamula kuti amuna mwawa ambachite mdulidwe. Ndipo chenze chizindikiro chakuti amuna mwawa enze pa ushamwali wa padera na Mulungu. Nkhani ya mdulidwe idayamba kalekale maninge pa pangano ya Chilamulo ikalibe yachitika, koma kuyenda kwa nthawe kuchita mdulidwe kudakhala mbali ya pangano ya Chilamulo mwecho. Munthu woyamba kuchita mdulidwe wenze Abulahamu komasoti wanthu wa m’banja yake. b (Lev. 12:2, 3) Chilamulo cha Mose olo alendo omwe ambakhala na Aizirayeli ambafunika kuchita mdulidwe kuti akhale na mwayi wochita nawo vinthu vapadera, ninge kudya chakudya cha pa chikondwerero cha Pasika. (Eks. 12:43, 44, 48, 49) Ndipomwapa Ayuda ambawona kuti munthu osachitiwa mdulidwe wenze wopsyipiziwa.—Yes. 52:1.
6 Manje Akhrisitu wa Chiyuda ambadekana kukhala na chikhulupiriro komasoti kudzichepesa kuti achinje nkubvuma mpfundo za manjemanje za chonadi. Pangano ya Chilamulo yenze idangenewa m’malo na pangano ya manjemanje ndipo kundobadwira mu khaindi ya Ayuda vimbatanthauzalini kuti ali gulu yapadera ya Mulungu. Ndipo Akhrisitu wa Chiyuda omwe ambakhala m’madera yosiyanasiyana ya Ayuda ambafunika kulimba ntima kuti akhulupirire Khrisitu, komasoti kubvuma kuti wanthu wamakhaindi yanango omwe enze osachitiwa mdulidwe angakhalembo Akhrisitu anzawo.—Yer. 31:31-33; Luka 22:20.
7. Ko ‘amuna anango’ adakangira kubvesesa mpfundo ziponi za chonadi?
7 Ni shuwadi kuti Mulungu alibe kuchinja mpfundo zake. Umboni wa vimwevi ni wakuti pangano yamanjemanje, mu na mpfundo za mu Chilamulo cha Mose. (Mat. 22:36-40) Pakufotokoza nkhani ya mdulidwe Paulo adanemba kuti: “Kukhala Myuda chaiye kuli muntima ndipo mdulidwe wake udakhala pomwe wa muntima wochitiwa na mzimu, osati na malamulo yonembewa.” (Aro. 2:29; Deut. 10:16) ‘Amuna anango’ wochokera ku Yudeya wale alibe kubvesesa mpfundo za chonadi zimwezi koma adalimbikira kuti Mulungu alibe kumalisa lamulo ya mdulidwe. Ko iwo adakabvera mpfundo za chonadi zimwezi?
“Alibe kubverana navo ndipo adatsutsana nawo” (Machitidwe 15:2)
8. Ndawa chani mpingo udatumiza nkhani ya mdulidwe ku bungwe yotonga yomwe yenze ku Yerusalemu?
8 Luka adapitiriza kulewa kuti: “Koma Paulo na Baranaba alibe kubverana navo ndipo adatsutsana nawo. Pamwapo iwo adasankhula Paulo, Baranaba na wanthu anango, kuti ayende kwa atumi na akulu ku Yerusalemu nkukawauza va nkhani mweyi.” c (Mac. 15:2) Mpfundo yakuti iwo mwawo alibe kubvana komasoti adatsutsana, inkuwonesa kuti magulu yawiri ya otsutsa mwawo gulu iriyose imbakhulupirira maninge kuti vomwe iwo ankulewa ni chaivo osati va anzawo. Ndipo mpingo wa ku Antiokeya udakakwanisalini kumalisa nkhani mweyi. Pakufuna kuti ntendere panango m’bverano ayi kuti visokoneze mu mpingo, mpingo moyu udachita vinthu mwanzeru pakutumiza nkhani mweyi kwa “akulu na atumi ku Yerusalemu” omwe enze m’bungwe yotonga. Ko tingapfunzire chani pa vomwe akulu wa ku Antiokeya adachita?
Anango adapitiriza kulewa kuti: “Wanthu . . . [wamakhaindi yanango mwawa] achadekana kutongewa kuti ambasunge Chilamulo cha Mose”
9, 10. Ko vomwe adachita abale wa ku Antiokeya komasoti Paulo na Baranaba vinkutipasa chitsanzo chiponi ntsiku zino?
9 Mpfundo ibodzi yomwe tinkufunika kuipfunzira pamwapa ni yakuti tichadekana kuthemba gulu ya Mulungu. Ganizirani ivi: Abale wa ku Antiokeya ambadziwa kuti abale wose omwe enze mu m’bungwe yotonga enze Akhrisitu wa Chiyuda. Ndipo iwo ambakhulupirira pomwe kuti bungwe iweruze nkhani ya mdulidwe mobverana na Malemba. Ndawa chani ambakhulupirira vimwevi? Mpingo moyu umbakhulupirira kuti Yahova ni yemwe afambise vinthu pa kuphatisa basa mzimu wake uchena komasoti Yesu Khrisitu yemwe ni msolo wa mpingo wa Chikhrisitu. (Mat. 28:18, 20; Aef. 1:22, 23) Ntsiku zinombo nkhani zoshupa zikayambika mu mpingo, naboni timbatewedzere chitsanzo chabwino cha Akhrisitu wa ku Antiokeya. Timbachite vimwevi pakuthemba gulu ya Mulungu na Bungwe yake Yotonga ya Akhrisitu odzodzewa omwe achaimira kapolo wokhulupirika na wanzeru.
10 Tinkukumbusiwa pomwe kufunika kokhala wanthu odzichepesa komasoti wodekha. Paulo na Baranaba adachita kusankhuliwa na mzimu uchena kuti ayende kwa wanthu wamakhaindi yanango. Koma iwo alibe kuganiza kuti vimwevi vingawapase mphanvu yokwanisa kumalisa okha nkhani ya mdulidwe pa nthawe mweyo ku Antiokeya. (Mac. 13:2, 3) Ndipo Paulo adanemba mpfundo inango yoonesa kuti Mulungu ni yemwe adatsogolera vinthu pakufuna kumalisa nkhani mweyo. Iye adanemba pomwe kuti: “Nidayenda kumuko [ku Yerusalemu] ndawa nidauziwa m’masomphenya kuti niyendeko.” (Agal. 2:2) Ntsiku zinombo abale omwe ayambisa nkhani zomwe zingagawanise mpingo, akulu achayesesa kutewedza ntima wodzichepesa komasoti kudekha komwe atumi enze nako. M’malo mongingimira maganizo yawo iwo achathemba Yahova pakuwerenga Malemba komasoti malangizo yochokera mu gulu ya kapolo wokhulupirika na wanzeru.—Afil. 2:2, 3.
11, 12. Ndawa chani ni vabwino kudikhira kuti Yahova atipase malangizo pa nkhani inango?
11 Nthawe zinango tingafunike kuti Yahova atipase mpfundo zinango zomwe zingatithandize kubvesa nkhani inango. Kumbukirani kuti nthawe ya atumi ambafunika kudikhira magole pafupifupi 13 kuchokera mu 36 EC pomwe Koneliyo adadzodzewa mpakana mu 49 EC. Iwo adadikhira magole yose mwaya kuti Yahova atonge peno venze vodekana kuti wanthu wa makhaindi yanango ambachite mdulidwe panango neye. Ndawa chani padapita nthawe ikulu tene? Panango Yahova ambafuna kupereka nthawe yokwana kwa Ayuda komasoti kuti achinje maganizo yawo pa nkhani ikulu mweyi. Ndipo kumalisiwa kwa pangano ya mdulidwe yomwe Mulungu adachita na m’bereki wawo wokondewa Abulahamu yenze ikalipo kwa magole 1900. Patsogolo pake pakumalisa nkhani mweyi enzelini nkhani yamasenzeka!—Yoh. 16:12.
12 Tinamwayi ukulu ndawa tilangiziwa na kuumbiwa na Ababa wathu wakudzulu wodekha moyo komasoti wachifundo. Tikabvuma kuti iye atiumbe na kutilangiza nthawe zose vinthu vichatifambira bwino. (Yes. 48:17, 18; 64:8) Ndipomwapa naboni tipewe kungingimira maganizo yathu yodzibva panango kukhumudwa vinthu vikachinja mu gulu panango gulu ikachinja momwe tichafotokozera Malemba yanango. (Mla. 7:8) Peno taona kuti tayamba kukhala na ntima moyu tingachite bwino kupemphera komasoti kuganizira maninge mpfundo zomwe zili mu msolo 15 wa bukhu ya Machitidwe. d
13. Ko tingaonese tani kuti tichatewedzera kudekha kwa Yahova mu utumiki wathu?
13 Tingafunike kukhala wodekha maninge tikambapfunzira Baibolo na wanthu omwe ankukwanisalini kuleka vikhulupiriro vabodza, vomwe achavikonda maninge panango miyambo yosabverana na Malemba. Vimwevi vikambachitika tingachite bwino kubvuma kuti papite nthawe yokwana kuti mzimu wa Mulungu uchinje ntima wa munthu yemwe tinkupfunzira naye uyo. (1 Akor. 3:6, 7) Komasoti tingachite bwino kuyipempherera nkhani mweyi. Mwanjira inango komasoti pathawe yabwino Mulungu adzatithandize kuti tidziwe vodekana kuchita.—1 Yoh. 5:14.
Adafotokoza “bwinobwino” vinthu volimbikisa vomwe vidawachitikira (Machitidwe 15:3-5)
14, 15. Ko Akhrisitu wa mu mpingo wa ku Antiokeya adalemekeza tani Paulo, Baranaba komasoti wanthu omwe ambafamba nawo ndipo amishonale mwawa adalimbikisa tani Akhrisitu anzawo ?
14 Luka adapitiriza kufotokoza nkhani mweyi kuti: “Mpingo pudawaperekeza, wanthu mwawa adapitiriza ulendo wawo kupita na ku Foinike na ku Samariya. Kumuko adafotokoza bwinobwino vakuti wanthu wa makhaindi yanango adayamba kutumikira Mulungu, ndipo abale wose adakondwa maninge na vimwevi.” (Mac. 15:3) Mpfundo yakuti mpingo udaperekeza Paulo na Baranaba na wanthu anango omwe ambafamba nawo pabodzi, inkuonesa kuti mpingo umbawakonda abale mwawa komasoti ambawapasa ulemu. Vimwevi vinkuonesa kuti mpingo moyu ambawafunira madaliso ya Mulungu. Pamwapa pomwe abale wa ku Antiokeya adawapasa chitsanzo chabwino maninge. Ko imwepo muchapasa ulemu abale wanu wauzimu “makamaka [akulu] omwe achachita khama pa kuyankhula Mawu ya Mulungu na kupfunzisa”?—1 Tim. 5:17.
15 Pomwe enze pa ulendo adapitira ku Foinike na ku Samariya ndipo adalimbikisa Akhrisitu anzawo wakumuko pakuwafotokozera “bwinobwino” momwe basa yolalikila ingafambira mu gawo ya wanthu wa makhaindi yanango. Vingachitike kuti anango mwa Akhrisitu mwawa enze Ayuda omwe adathawira ku madera mwaya, Sitefano padaphewa. Ntsiku zinombo, abale wathu omwe ankugumana na mayesero, achalimbikisiwa akaona momwe Yahova ankudalisira basa yopfunzisa wanthu kuti akhale opfunzira wa Yesu. Ko imwepo muchaphindula mokwana mwa kufika pa misonkhano ya mpingo komasoti misonkhano yachigawo? Ko muchawerenga nkhani zomwe zinkuchitikira abale wathu madera yanango zofotokoza mbiri za wanthu osiyanasiyana m’mabukhu yathu?
16. Ko ni chani chikuwonesa kuti nkhani ya kuchitiwa mdulidwe yenze idakula maninge?
16 Abale mwawo adachoka ku Antiokeya chakumawulo iwo adafamba ulendo pafupifupi makilometro 550 ndipo adafika komwe angayenda. Luka adanemba kuti: “Padafika ku Yerusalemu adatambiriwa bwino maninge na mpingo, atumi komasoti akulu. Ndipo adafotokoza vinthu vizinji vomwe Mulungu adachita pakuphatisira basa iwo.” (Mac. 15:4) Koma padabva vimwevi, “okhulupirira anango, omwe kalekale enze mugulu ya mpatuko ya Afalisi, adaimirira m’mipando yawo nkunena kuti: ‘Mpofunika kuwachita mdulidwe nkuwalamula kuti ambatewedze Chilamulo cha Mose.’” (Mac. 15:5) Pamwapa vikuonekeratu kuti nkhani yakuti Akhrisitu wa makhaindi yanango achadekana kuchitiwa mdulidwe panango neye yenze idakula maninge ndipo ingadekana kumalisiwa.
“Atumi na akulu adasonkhana pabodzi” (Machitidwe 15:6-12)
17. Ko ni mbani omwe enze mu m’bungwe yotonga ku Yerusalemu, ndipo ndawa chani “akulu” enzembo m’bungwe mumo?
17 Lemba ya Miyambo 13:10. Ichati: ‘Wanthu omwe achakhala pabodzi nkukambirana achakhala wanzeru.’ Mobverana na mpfundo yothandiza mweyi “atumi na akulu adasonkhana pabodzi kuti akambirane nkhani [ya kuchitiwa mdulidwe].” (Mac. 15:6) Atumi na akulu angaimira mpingo wose wa Chikhrisitu ninge momwe Bungwe Yotonga ntsiku zino ichachitira. Koma ndawa chani “akulu” angatumikira pabodzi na atumi? Kumbukirani kuti ntumi Yakobo adaphewa, ndipo kwa nthawe itali, ntumi Petulo wenze adamangiwa. Vingachitike kuti vinthu vimwevi vidakawachitikirambo atumi anango. Amuna oyenerera odzodzewa omwe enze mu m’bungwe yotonga adakapitiriza kunyang’anira na kufambisa vinthu mwadongosolo mu mpingo wa Chikhrisitu.
18, 19. Ko Petulo adayankhula mawu yophata ntima yaponi, ndipo wanthu omwe ambamubvesera adazindikira mpfundo iponi?
18 Luka adapitiriza kuti: “Padatsutsana maninge va nkhani mweyo, Petulo adaimirira nkuwauza . . . : ‘Abale wangu, mukudziwa bwino kuti muntsiku zoyambirira Mulungu adanisankhula ine pakati panu, kuti pakuphatisa basa pakamwa pangu, wanthu wa makhaindi yanango abve mawu ya ntontholo wabwino nkukhulupirira. Ndipo Mulungu, yemwe adziwa va muntima, adachitira umboni pakuwapasa mzimu uchena ninge momwe adachitirambo na isepano. Iye alibe kusiyanisa olo pang’ono pakati pa isepano na iwo. Koma adachenesa mitima yawo ndawa ya chikhulupiriro chawo.’” (Mac. 15:7-9) Bukhu inango, mawu ya Chigiriki yomwe yadatsumbudzuliriwa kuti “adatsutsana” mu vesi 7, ichaonesa kuti akulu mwawo adabvunzana mibvunzo komasoti “kufagafaga” nkhani mweyi mosamala maninge. Vinkuoneka kuti abale mwawo enze na maganizo yosiyana ndipo ambalewa maganizo yawo mowona ntima.
19 Petulo adayankhula mawu yophata ntima ndipo adakumbusa wanthu wose kuti iye wenzepo pomwe Koneliyo na banja yake adadzodzewa na mzimu uchena mu 36 EC. Iwo mwawo enze oyamba kutambira mzimu uchena pa wanthu wose osachitiwa mdulidwe wa makhaindi yanango. Manje peno Yahova adaleka kusiyanisa pakati pa Ayuda na wanthu wamakhaindi yanango, Ko wanthu enze na mphanvu ziponi zakuti ambachite vinthu motsutsana na Yahova? Komasoti munthu achakhala na ntima wochena peno ankukhulupirira Khrisitu, osati kutewedza Chilamulo cha Mose.—Agal. 2:16.
20. Ko wanthu omwe ambalimbikisa nkhani ya mdulidwe “ambamuyesa tani Mulungu”?
20 Pakuphatisa basa umboni wosatsutsika ochokera m’Mawu ya Mulungu komasoti mobverana na mzimu uchena, Petulo adamaliza na mawu yakuti: “Manje ndawa chani imwepo mukumuyesa Mulungu pakutakulisa wopfunzira, djoko yomwe azibereki wathu olo isepano tiribe kukwanisa kuitakula? Koma manje tikukhulupirira kuti isepano tidzapulumuke ndawa ya kukoma ntima kukulu kwa Ambuya Yesu, ninge momwe vidzakhalirembo na wanthu mwawa.” (Mac. 15:10, 11) Wanthu olimbikisa nkhani ya mdulidwe mwawa “ambayesa Mulungu” panango kuti ambayesa kudekha kwa Mulungu. Iwo ambangingimira wanthu wamakhaindi yanango kutewedza malamulo yomwe Ayuda ambayakangira kuyatewedza ndipo vimwevi vidawachitisa kukhala odekana kutambira chilango cha impfa. (Agal. 3:10) M’malo molimbikisa mdulidwe, Ayuda omwe angabvesera Paulo angadekana kutembenja Mulungu ndawa ya kukoma ntima kwake kukulu komwe adakuonesa kupitira mwa Yesu.
21. Ko Paulo na Baranaba adafotokoza vinthu viponi?
21 Vinkuoneka kuti mawu yomwe Petulo adayankhula yadakhudza maninge mitima ya wanthu omwe ambamubvesera wale, ndawa “gulu yose mweyo idakhala chete. Ndipo idayamba kubvesera pomwe Baranaba na Paulo angafotokoza vizindikiro na vodabwisa vizinji, vomwe Mulungu adachita pakati pa wanthu wa makhaindi yanango pakuphatisa basa iwo.” (Mac. 15:12) Manje nthawe idafika kuti akulu na atumi anyang’anisise umboni wose na kutonga nkhani ya mdulidwe ire mobverana na vomwe Mulungu afuna.
22-24. (a) Ko ntsiku zino Bungwe Yotonga ichatewedzera tani bungwe yotonga yoyambirira? (b) Ko akulu wose angaonese tani kuti achalemekeza ulamuliro wa Mulungu?
22 Ntsiku zinombo, abale wa M’bunge Yotonga agumana ndipo achathemba mawu ya Mulungu kuti yawatsogolere komasoti achapemphera mochokera pasi pantima kuti Mulungu awapase mzimu uchena. (Sal. 119:105; Mat. 7:7-11) Pakufuna kuti iwo amange mpfundo zobverana na vomwe Mulungu afuna m’bale aliyese wa M’bungwe Yotonga achapasiwa ndandanda ya misolo ya nkhani zomwe akakambirane, ndipo achawapasa nthawe yokwana yakuti akonzekere na cholinga chakuti aganizire vitsanzo na kuvipempherera. (Miy. 15:28) Abale odzodzewa akambachita nsonkhano wawo, aliyese achayankhula momasuka komasoti mwaulemu. Pakukambirana, iwo achaphatisa basa Baibolo pa mpfundo iriyose.
23 Akulu mu mpingo achadekana kutewedza chitsanzo chimwechi. Ndipo peno akulu akambirana nkhani inango ikulu pa nsonkhano wawo ndipo alibe kukwanisa kumaliza, bungwe ya akulu ingabvunze malangizo ku ofesi ya nthambi panango kwa abale omwe achaimira ofesi ya nthambi ninge onyang’anira madera. Nthawe zinango ofesi ya nthambi inganembe kalata na kuitumiza ku Bungwe Yotonga peno pankudekana kuchita teno.
24 Shuwadi, Yahova achadalisa aliyese yemwe achalemekeza dongosolo yomwe gulu yake ichachitira vinthu mu mpingo komasoti omwe achaonesa kudzichepesa, kukhulupirika na kudekha. Mu msolo womwe unkubwera tidzaone kuti Mulungu achadalisa Akhrisitu omwe achachita vimwevi pakuwapasa ntendere chaiwo. Komasoti tidzaone kuti Mulungu achathandiza Akhrisitu mwawa kuti vinthu vimbawafambire bwino mwauzimu na kukhala obverana.
a Onani bokosi yakuti: “ Vipfunziso va Ayuda omwe angalimbikisa maninge miyambo yawo,” pa tsamba 117.
b Pangano ya mdulidwe yenzelini mbali ya pangano ya Abulahamu, yomwe inkuphata basa mpakana ntsiku zino. Pangano ya Abulahamu idayamba kuphata basa mu 1943 AEC pomwe Abulahamu (pomwe pa nthawe mweyi ambachemerewa kuti Abulamu) adayambuka kamadzi ka Firate pa ulendo wake woyenda ku Kanani. Panthawe mweyi iye wenze na magole 75. Koma pangano ya mdulidwe idayamba kuphatisiwa basa paidapita nthawe mu gole ya, 1919 AEC, pomwe Abulahamu wenze na magole 99.—Gen. 12:1-8; 17:1, 9-14; Agal. 3:17.
c Vinkuwoneka kuti Tito wenze pa gulu ya wanthu mwawa, omwe adatumiziwa ku Yerusalemu. Iye wenze Mkhrisitu wa Chigiriki yemwe adadzakhala munzake wothembeka wa Paulo komasoti ntumiki wake. (Agal. 2:1; Tito 1:4) Munthu moyu wenze chitsanzo chabwino kwa munthu wosachita mdulidwe wa khaindi inango yemwe adadzodzewa na mzimu uchena.—Agal. 2:3.
d Onani bokosi yakuti: “ Vomwe wa Mboni za Yahova achakhulupirira vichachokera m’Baibolo,” pa tsamba 119.