Lane Abaotem Olketa Kala and Kaleko Long Taem Bilong Bible

BIBLE hem storyim stael, kala, and olketa kaen material bilong kaleko wea pipol werem long taem bifor.

Bible no wanfala buk wea storyim nomoa olketa stael and kaleko, bat taem hem storyim olketa samting hia, hem mekem man savve piksarem long mind bilong hem olketa story wea hem readim.

Olsem example, Bible storyim kaleko wea Adam and Eve trae for wakem from olketa leaf, mekem tufala savve werem. Gogo God givim long tufala olketa “longfala kaleko wea hem wakem from skin bilong animal” wea bae stap for longtaem.—Genesis 3:7, 21.

And tu, Exodus chapter 28 and 39 storyim olketa kaleko wea olketa hae priest long Israel werem. Olketa kaleko hia hem wanfala linen kaleko wea hem werem firstaem andanit evri nara kaleko, then longfala white kaleko, belt, longfala blue kaleko, nara kaleko wea olketa putim samfala design long hem (ephod), and spesol paos long chest and gold hed band wea holem pis kaleko raonem hed. Taem iumi readim hao olketa iusim olketa material, gold and olketa nara samting for wakem kaleko hia, hem mekem iumi tingim hao olketa kaleko mas luk naes tumas.—Exodus 39:1-5, 22-29.

From Elijah evritaem werem spesol kaleko, taem pipol storyim kaleko bilong hem olketa savve hem nao Elijah. Olketa savve sei: “Hem werem wanfala kaleko wea olketa wakem long hair bilong camel, and hem taemap datwan witim wanfala belt wea olketa wakem long skin bilong animal.” Staka handred year bihaen, taem pipol lukim John Baptaesa olketa tingse hem Elijah, maet bikos John werem sem kaen kaleko olsem Elijah.—2 Kings 1:8; Matthew 3:4; John 1:21.

 Olketa Kala and Kaleko Bible hem storyim staka difren kaen material wea olketa iusim for wakem kaleko. Hem storyim tu olketa kala and dye, and hao olketa wakem datfala material, olsem for twistim, weavim and sewim. * Olketa main material wea olketa iusim hem wool from olketa animal, olsem sheepsheep and linen wea kam from wanfala plant wea olketa kolem flax. Abel hem “man for lukaftarem sheepsheep.” (Genesis 4:2) Bible no storyim sapos Abel lukaftarem sheepsheep mekem olketa iusim wool bilong hem. Firstaem wea Bible storyim linen, hem long mek-18 century B.C.E., long taem wea Pharaoh givim wanfala linen kaleko long Joseph for werem. (Genesis 41:42) Bible no barava storyim sapos olketa Jew werem cotton kaleko, bat olketa long Middle East nao werem cotton kaleko start kam long taem bifor.

Flax and wool garem olketa smol string. Olketa tekem olketa smol string hia and twistim tugeta for mekem hem strong. Olketa weavim string hia for kamap olketa pis kaleko. Olketa savve dyem string and pis kaleko hia witim staka difren kala dye. Olketa katem pis kaleko hia  and sewim for fitim man wea bae werem. Olketa savve sewim olketa design wea garem olketa difren kala cotton long olketa kaleko wea mekem hem luk naes and hem expensive.—Judges 5:30.

Long taem bilong Bible, olketa savve iusim blue, purple and red kala for dyem kaleko. God talem olketa Israelite for putim ‘wanfala blue string klosap long botom long kaleko’ bilong olketa for mekem olketa tingim spesol wei wea olketa fren witim Jehovah God. (Numbers 15:38-40) Kaleko wea olketa hae priest werem and tu samfala samting wea stap long tabernacle and temple savve garem blue and purple kala. Long Hebrew languis word for diskaen blue hem tekheʹleth and word for purple hem ‘ar·ga·manʹ.

Olketa Samting wea Stap Insaed Tabernacle and Temple Main ples wea olketa Israelite iusim for worshipim Jehovah hem tabernacle taem olketa stap long wilderness, and gogo olketa iusim temple long Jerusalem. Dastawe Bible storyim staka samting abaotem hao olketa wakem datfala tabernacle and then temple bilong Solomon and olketa samting wea stap insaed. Bible storyim olketa kaleko wea olketa iusim for wakem olketa curtain and olketa wall long tabernacle. Hem storyim kaen kaleko, olketa kala and hao olketa weavim, dyem and sewim disfala kaleko.

Olketa man and woman wea savve hao for wakem samting, olsem Bezalel and Oholiab, kasem holy spirit for helpem olketa duim spesol assignment for waka long tabernacle. Olketa barava wakem gud datfala tabernacle for kamap ples wea barava fitim for worshipim Jehovah. (Exodus 35:30-35) Exodus chapter 26 storyim staka sismol samting abaotem kaen building material olketa iusim and hao olketa wakem datfala tabernacle. Olsem example, olketa iusim “blue kaleko and purple wool and red [coccus scarlet] kaleko and expensive kaleko” for wakem olketa wall bilong datfala tabernacle. Maet olketa kaleko hia kam from Egypt long taem wea olketa Israelite lusim Egypt. Curtain long tabernacle wea separatem Holy Rum and Barava Holy Rum hem barava luk naes from olketa sewim olketa design long hem, olsem piksa bilong olketa angel. (Exodus 26:1, 31-33) King Solomon talem olketa for duim sem kaen samting long olketa kaleko bilong temple long Jerusalem.—2 Chronicles 2:1, 7.

 Bible storyim hao olketa Hebrew savve tumas for iusim olketa building material and kaleko wea stap long datfala taem for wakem olketa naes samting. So iumi lanem hao pipol long datfala taem no waka nomoa and no werem naes kaleko, bat olketa garem gudfala living, olketa savve garem naes material for kaleko, and werem stael kaleko wea fitim season and difren samting wea olketa duim.

Bible talem hao God givim olketa Israelite wanfala gud land for olketa stap long hem “wea garem staka milk and honey.” (Exodus 3:8 Deuteronomy 26:9, 15) Taem olketa gohed for worshipim Jehovah, olketa kasem olketa blessing from hem. Olketa garem gudfala laef and olketa hapi and satisfae. Olsem example, Bible sei: “Long taem wea Solomon rul, pipol long Judah and Israel gohed for stap sef, evriwan savve sidaon andanit long grape tree and andanit long fig tree bilong hemseleva, from Dan go kasem Beer-sheba.”—1 Kings 4:25.

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Wool and Linen

Long taem bilong Bible, pipol keepim sheepsheep for milk and wool. Farmer needim tu-thri sheepsheep nomoa for kasem inaf wool for wakem kaleko for famili. Sapos farmer garem staka sheepsheep hem savve salem samfala wool long pipol wea wakem kaleko. Samfala taon and vilij garem community grup wea helpem olketa farmer wea wakem kaleko. Start kam long taem bifor, waka wea pipol duim evri year hem for katem wool bilong sheepsheep.—Genesis 31:19; 38:13; 1 Samuel 25:4, 11.

Linen hem kaleko wea staka pipol laekem and hem kam from flax plant. (Exodus 9:31) Olketa harvestim datfala plant taem hem klosap mature. Olketa draem long sun and then sokem long wata mekem strong part bilong hem soft. Then olketa hammerim and separatem olketa smol string bilong hem, and twistim olketa string hia for olketa savve weavim. Olketa king and bigman laekem tumas kaleko wea olketa wakem long linen.

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Flax plant wea drae, bifor olketa sokem long wata

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Twistim Olketa String

Wanfala smol string from flax, wool or hair bilong goat, hem nating strong and hem short tumas. So olketa tekem olketa smol string hia and twistim tugeta for mekem hem long or thik for fitim hao olketa laekem. Bible storyim wanfala “gud waef,” wea iusim tufala stik (wea olketa kolem distaff and spindle). (Proverbs 31:10, 19) Diswan storyim wei for twistim olketa smol string.

Wanfala woman savve holem distaff wea olketa smol string stap raonem. Witim nara hand hem aotem samfala string hia, twistim tugeta and pasim long wanfala huk long end bilong spindle. Long datfala spindle hem garem wanfala raon ston tu. From ston hia hem hevi hem mekem datfala spindle hem tatane. Woman tanem spindle firstaem witim hand bilong hem, gogo olketa string kamap wanfala thik string. Hem tekem string hia and hem putim raonem datfala spindle, olsem man hem putim cotton long bobbin. Hem gohed duim olsem mekem evri smol string long distaff kamap wanfala long string, olsem cotton, wea olketa savve dyem or weavim.

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Dyem Kaleko

Bihaen olketa twistim and klinim olketa string from wool or flax, olketa savve dyem string hia or kaleko wea olketa weavim finis, long eni didifren kaen kala. For mekem kala hem strong olketa savve sokem kaleko or string long dye tu-thri taem. From dye hem expensive, olketa savve skwisim string or kaleko for aotem extra dye mekem olketa savve iusim moa bihaen. Then olketa putim long graon for draem.

Olketa bifor no garem olketa chemical for wakem dye, bat olketa wakem staka didifren kala dye from olketa animal and plant. Olsem example, yellow kala hem kam from leaf bilong almond tree and skin bilong wanfala frut, wea olketa kolem pomegranate. Blak kala hem from bark bilong pomegranate tree. Red kala hem kam from rut bilong wanfala plant wea olketa kolem madder or from wanfala insect wea olketa kolem kermes. Blue kala hem kam from wanfala flaoa wea nem bilong hem indigo. Taem olketa mixim kala wea kam from olketa difren murex sea snail, olketa savve wakem staka difren kala, olsem purple, blue and red.

Haomas snail nao olketa needim for dyem wanfala kaleko? Olketa savveman sei for dyem wanfala kaleko olketa bae needim samting olsem 10,000 sea snail wea kala bilong hem purple. Taem King Nabonidus hem rulim Babylon, wool wea olketa dyem long datfala purple kala, hem 40 taem expensive winim olketa nara kala. Wanfala taon bifor wea nem bilong hem Tyre hem main ples wea man savve peim disfala expensive dye. Dastawe olketa kolem datfala purple kala Tyrian purple.

[Olketa Piksa]

Sela bilong sea snail

Olketa faendem disfala tank for holem purple dye long Tel Dor, long Israel. Hem bilong mek-tu or mek-thri century B.C.E

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The Tel Dor Project

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Weavim Olketa String

Olketa iusim wanfala frame (wea olketa kolem loom) olsem piksa showim, for weavim olketa string for kamap kaleko. Olketa hangem staka string long datfala frame and then olketa savve weavim olketa nara string akrosim olketa string wea hange.

Long bifor olketa iusim frame wea savve leidaon long floor or frame wea olketa savve standimap. Long samfala frame wea standap, olketa hangem ston long botom bilong each string wea hange. Olketa faendem samfala barava old ston hia long samfala ples long Israel.

Long bifor, evri famili savve weavim olketa string for kaleko bat long samfala ples evriwan long vilij nao waka tugeta for duim datwan. Example long diswan hem long 1 Chronicles 4:21. Hem storyim sekson bilong olketa wea weavim olketa string for kaleko, wea luk olsem diswan hem waka bilong olketa.

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“Blue kaleko and purple wool and red kaleko.”—Exodus 26:1