Taikuanga i Vao ake i te Pipiria i Tetai Iti Tangata tei Karangaia ko Iseraela

I ROTO i te Cairo Museum i Aiphiti, te vai ra tetai toka akamaaraanga no te au autuanga o Pharaoh Merneptah. Kia tau ki te au tamanakoanga a te aronga kite, kua tutara ana te 13 o te tamaiti a Ramses II mei rotopu i te 1212 e te 1202 M.T.N.​—tae atu ki te tuanga openga o te tuatau o te au Akava o Iseraela taito. Te tatau ra nga raini openga o te toka akamaaraanga o Merneptah e: “Kua nina takiriia to Kanaana. Kua akapouia a Asekelona, kua opukia a Gezera, [e] kua takore takiriia a Yano‘am. Kua akataneaia a Iseraela, e kore takiri rava atura tona uanga.”

Eaa te aiteanga o te tuatua “Iseraela” i roto i teia aerenga tuatua? I roto i te tutu akakiteanga, kua kapitiia atu tetai au tu ke mai ki te tataanga ei akakite e no teea tuanga taua au tuatua ra. Te akamarama maira te puka The Rise of Ancient Israel e: “Kua kapitiia atu ki e toru o te au tuatua e a kia​—Asekelona, Gezera e Yanoam​—tetai au tu ke mai tei akakite mai kia tatou e e au oire ratou. . . . Inara, ko te au tu ke mai tei kapitiia atu kia Iseraela, no te iti tangata ia.”​—Na matou te tuatua arara.

Eaa ra te puapinga o teia tuatua? Te pau maira a Hershel Shanks, te etita e te tangata tata e: “Te akaari maira te Toka Akamaaraanga o Merneptah e kua noo ana tetai iti tangata tei karangaia e ko Iseraela i te 1212 M.T.N. e kare anake ua te pharao o Aiphiti i kite no runga ia ratou, kua manako katoa ra e kua tau rai kia akapaapaaia te autuanga ki rungao ia ratou i roto te tamakianga.” Kua akakite a William G. Dever, e poropeta no te keri apinga taito i te Pae Itinga e: “Te akakite papu maira te toka akamaaraanga o Merneptah kia tatou e: Te noo tikai ra tetai iti tangata i Kanaana e karanga ra ia ratou e ko ‘Iseraela,’ e tei karanga katoaia e to Aiphiti e ko ‘Iseraela’​—e oti akera kare oki ratou koia oki to Aiphiti e turu ana i te Pipiria, e kare katoa e tano e ka maani ua mai ratou i tetai iti tangata tikai e te takake mei ia ‘Iseraela’ no to ratou uaorai au akakoroanga kia akapaapaaia e te tangata.”

I roto i te Pipiria, kua taikuia a Iseraela no te taime mua ei ingoa tei orongaia ki te pateriareka ko Iakoba. Kua riro mai te uanga a te au tamariki 12 a Iakoba ko “te tamariki a Iseraela.” (Genese 32:22–28, 32; 35:9, 10) I te au mataiti i muri mai, kua taangaanga te peroveta ko Mose raua ko Pharao o Aiphti i te tuatua “Iseraela” me tuatua no runga i teia au uanga nei no Iakoba. (Exodo 5:1, 2) Ko te toka akamaaraanga o Merneptah te taikuanga mua tei kiteaia i vao ake i te Pipiria no tetai iti tangata tei karangaia e ko Iseraela.

[Au Tutu i te kapi 24]

Toka akamaaraanga o Merneptah

Te kapiti anga o te au akairo openga e toru (mei te katau ki te kaui)​—ko te rakau ko manu e te tangata ma te vaine e noo ra ki raro​—te akataka maira ia Iseraela ei iti tangata tuitarere

[Akameitakianga]

Egyptian National Museum, Cairo, Egypt/​Giraudon/​The Bridgeman Art Library