“Mwamu Yijil Yikala Kalam Wetu”

AN INCH akata kusanger usey wa yijil ni dipup? Kadingap avud. An, akisining yijil. Pakwez, antu akweta yisend ya kuyikwash an, ij anch kudi kuswir kwa kuyibangin mu mutapu wa pakampwil. Ni kusut kwa mivu, ansand avud akez kushiken ku kusanger usey wa umutakel watambulau. Kambuy Paul wasadila chilakej cha ikundj wadinga ni kuyilam chakwel afanikesha chom chimwing cha urund udinga pakach pa Yehova Nzamb ni antu end.

In Kristu amwing a mu mivu chitot ya kusambish adinga mu mwab wa Galatia mu Rome akasikeshina anch Nzamb wayitiyija  ching antu aziyila ku Chijil chapanay Nzamb kudiau in Isarel kusutil kudiay Moses. Kambuy Paul wadinga wij anch chitongijok chinech chidi cha makasu, mulong Nzamb wayinkisha mwiku utumbila antu amwing adinga kandikal asadilap chijil cha in Yuda. (Midimu 15:12) Chawiy Paul chatenchikinay chitongijok chinech cha makasu kusutil ku chilakej. Mu mukand wayifundinay in Kristu a ku Galatia, ndiy wafunda anch: “Mwamu yijil yikala kalam wetu kudi Kristu.” (Galatia 3:24) Chilakej cha kalam, mudi mulondilay mwin kwilej Bibil umwing, chikwet “usey ujim wasambisha pasak.” Kutesh chaku chinech chovikeshin nawamp chitongijok chadingay nich kambuy Paul.

Yisend ya Kalam

Mu majuku ma in Grek, in Rome ni pamwingap in Yuda adinga ni mwom uwamp adinga ni atulam mulong wa kuyilam anau kudiosh pa wanikanch djat ni pakupaminau. Chisu chivud kalam wadinga muswik wadinga uchingejinau, chisu chivud muntu mukurump, wadinga mudi nkwash wa kushinshikin diking dia an ni kushinshikin anch yisotilay tatuku mulong wa an yisadikin. Dichuku diawonsu, kalam ukumutwal mwan kwawonsu kusotinay kuya, kumukwash alama kwinang kwend, kumutwal ku shikol ni kumuchirish, chisu chivud kumusendin mabuku ni yom yikwau, ni kumulam pilejinay.

Chisu chivud kalam kadingap mulej. Pa ndond pa kumwinkish malejan ma ku shikol, kalam wadinga ni kukasikeshin umutakel wa tatuku mudi kalam wa mwan. Pakwez, kakumutakelap ni kumupup. Mudi kumulej chaku, kumupup, ni ap kumubul misel anch wasal chom chiyimp. Chakin kamu, maku ni tatuku, awiy adinga alej a kusambish a mwan. Chikwau, chiyilay mwan mu kukul, kalam wend ukumulej anch ufanyidin kwonik nawamp pendinay mwi njil, anch ufanyidin kudjal saa wend wa pa chikas, kushakam, ni kudia nawamp, ni anch ufanyidin kutumbuk kurutu kwa amakurump, ayikata anvaj end, ni yikwau yikwau.

 Platon, filozof mwin Grek (428-348 K.C.C.) chakin kamu watonga anch rukat riner ra wanikanch chadinga chifanyidin kurikepish. Ndiy wafunda anch: “Mudi kamu mukoku ap yivam yikwau yikutwishap kushakam pakad kafung, chawiy chimwing an kakutwishap kushakam pakad kalam, ap aswik pakad nsalejau.” Chitongijok chinech chikutwish kumekan mudi chikash; pakwez, mwamu mwadingay Platon ni kuman yom.

Kwikalaku kwa atulam chisu chawonsu kwayinkisha ntumb ya kwikal mudi atulam in kumeshan mar ni in kupupan in chisum, musul wakad kupwang wa yoziu, kuziyishan, ni kufundan kwa makasu. Ap mwamu, kalam wadinga ni kulet diking, dia manangu ni dia ku mujimbu. Appian, mwin Grek mwin kwilej jinsangu ja pasak wadingaku mu chitot cha kaad C.C. ushimunin rusangu ra kalam umwing wadinga mwi njil uyil ku shikol wafanyina kumukwat mwan mu makas mend chakwel amulama palemp nau in kumujip. Palikay kumulikishaku mwan, awonsu aad kalam ni mwan ayijipa.

Masandj madinga mapalangen mwi ngand yawonsu ya in Grek. An, pakampwil an amakundj, chafanyidina kuyilam pantaliken nau in kusot masandj. Atulam adinga afanyidin kuyikwash mu malejan mau, mulong alej avud kadingap kwau a kuchingejin. Libanius mwin kulond mwin Grek wadingaku mu mivu chitot ya kanying mu C.C. waya kulemp palonday anch atulam afanyidina kusal mudi “atulam a nsand ukudila,” chakwel “kuyikangesh in rukat ayimp, kuyitwal kulemp ni kuyichidij, kangal kuyilikin ijikijana ni ansand.” Atulam avud ayilimishanga nakash kudi antu adinga alaminau. Mayal ma chivurikish malejen piur pa yovil ya kujikitish yadingau nich amakurump amwing mulong wa rukat ra atulam au a pasak chisu chafau.

Chijil Mudi Kalam

Ov, mulong wak kambuy Paul wafanikesha Chijil cha Moses ni kalam? Chom ik chasala anch chilakej chinech chikal chifanyidina?

Chom cha kusambish chidi usu wa kulam wa Chijil. Paul warumburila anch in Yuda adinga ayilamidin “mwishin mwa uswik wa yijil.” Chadinga mudi anch ayichidijin kudi kalam. (Galatia 3:23) Chijil chadinga nich usu mu mwom wau wawonsu. Chadinga ni kuyikel rukat rijondila ni maku mau ma mujimbu. Chatakelanga mwikadil wau ni chisu ni chisu chadinga ni kuyiswejen padingau ni kurumbuk, chamwijikisha mwin Isarel umwing ni umwing kurumbuk kwend.

Chijil chadinga kand kuchidij pantaliken nich mausu mayimp, mudi kujondish ngikadil ni yisal ya relijon ya michid yadinga yimwombilamu Isarel. Chilakej, Nzamb walikisha kwatijan ni apagan, kwadinga kwa usey mulong wa ukash wa muspiritu wa muchid win wawonsu. (Kuvurik Yijil 7:3, 4) Yijil yiney yalama kwishitul muspiritu kwa antu a Nzamb ni kwayitenchika chakwel ikal tayad kumujingunin Mesia. Chakin kamu yitenchik yiney yadinga ya rukat. Moses wayivurisha ambay nend in Isarel anch: “Mutapu wakukandanyay [Yehova] Nzamb wen mudi chikat kumukandau mwan kudi tatukwend.”—Kuvurik Yijil 8:5.

Pakwez, chom cha usey chidia mu chilakej cha kambuy Paul, ulabu wa kalam wadinga wa kachisu kakemp. Anch mwan wakul kal, kakwikalap kand mu winyikel wa kalam. Xenophon, mwin Grek mwin kwilej jinsangu ja pasak (431-352 K.C.C.) wafunda anch: “Anch mwan ikundj wakul kal, wikal kal nsand, antu indjing akumudiosh kudi [ kalam] ni kudi [mulej] wend; kadiap kand mwishin mwau, pakwez ukwet mbil ya kuya amwinend kusotinay.”

Wawiy ulabu wa chilik chimwing wadingay nich Chijil cha Moses. Kusal kwach kwadinga kwa kachisu—“Ayanzukesha mulong wa tuyimp ni pakwezila mbut ya kushilamu [Yesu Kristu].” Kambuy Paul warumburila anch kudi in Yuda, Chijil chadinga “kalam wetu kudi Kristu.” Chakwel anch in Yuda adinga pa chirung cha Paul itiyika kudi Nzamb, chayifanyidina itiyija mudimu wa Yesu mu rutong ra Nzamb. Anch asal mwamu, mudimu wa kalam wapwa kal.—Galatia 3:19, 24, 25.

 Chijil chapanay Nzamb kudi in Isarel chadinga chiwanyidina. Chakin kamu chawanyisha rutong rach rachitenchikinau kudi Nzamb—kuyilam antu end ni kuyijikish yijil yend ya piur nakash. (Rome 7:7-14) Chijil chadinga kalam muwamp. Pakwez, kudi antu amwing adinga mwishin mwa diking diach, yijil yach yadinga yilimina. Chawiy, Paul wafunda anch pachashika chisu chatenchikay Nzamb, “Kristu watukola etu ku mashing ma yijil.” Chijil chadinga “mashing” charumburik anch chayiyikela in Yuda akayitil nich yijil yakadiau kutwish kuwanyish. Chadinga chitin kuchilam nakash. Anch mwin Yuda witiyij chitenchik chatwishikina ku mulambu wa difut dia Yesu, chadingap kand cha usey kulam ku yijil ya kalam.—Galatia 3:13; 4:9, 10.

Kupwa Paul wasidin kand pa kufanikesh Chijil cha Moses ni kalam chadinga mulong wa kukasikeshin mudimu wach wa nlij ni kusal kwach kwa kachisu. Ranaken ra Yehova, kakatap kuritambul mulong wa Chijil, pakwez chidi kusutil ku kumujingunin Yesu ni ku kumwitiyij.—Galatia 2:16; 3:11.

[Kamushet/​Chipich chidia pa paj wa 21]

“IN KUMUKWASH” NI “IN KUMULAM”

Kuwejin papwishay kufund piur pa kalam, kambuy Paul wasadila kand yilakej ya “in kumukwash” ni “in kumulam.” Mu Galatia 4:1, 2, tutanginamu anch: “Nswan pachidiay mwan kamupandakenip kashalapol, anch udip nchik mwin yom yawonsu; pakwez ndiy udi mwishin mwa in kumukwash nau in kumulam ni kushik ku dichuku diatonday tatukwend.” Mudimu wa “in kumukwash” ni “in kumulam” wadinga ushalijadin ni wa atulam, pakwez mulong wisambidinay Paul wadinga wawiy umwing.

Mu chijil cha in Rome, ‘mwin kukwashan’ wadinga muntu watondau kulondulijan nich mbil chakwel ikal mwin kulam mwan anshon udia mwanikanch ni kutenchik milong ya nfalang ya mwan djat ni pakwikadilay muntu mukurump. Chawiy, chilondilay Paul anch, ap anch mwan winou kulondwish dijuku udi “mwin yom” pa yom yikuswanay, pachidiay mwanikanch, kakwetap mbil pa yom yiney kumupandakanamu muswik.

Ku mutambu ukwau, mwin ‘kulam,’ wadinga muntu winkishau mbil utadila milong ya nfalang. Flavius Joseph mwin kwilej jinsangu ja pasak mwin Yuda ulondil anch mwanikanch wapilau dijin dia Hyrcanus wamwita tatukwend amwinkisha mukand umwinkishina mwin kumulam wend mbil ya kumwinkish Hyrcanus nfalang ja kuland chawonsu chisotinay.

Komb chilik chimwing nich kwikal mwishin mwa kalam, kwikal mwishin mwa ‘mwin kukwashan’ ap mwishin mwa ‘mwin kulam’ kwarumburika kuburen want ipau padingay muntu uchidi mwanikanch. Mwom wa mwan auyikela kudiau antu inay chisu chawonsu chatenchikay tatukwend.

[Chipich chidia pa paj wa 19]

Chipich chidia pa chom cha kusadil cha in Grek a pasak chimumekeshin kalam ulamina mukombu wend

[Dizu dirumburila]

National Archaeological Museum, Athens

[Chipich chidia pa paj wa 19]

Chom chasadika mu mivu chitot ya katan K.C.C. dikapu dimulejena kalam (ukwet mukombu) utadil pamwinkishinau mwan ulaminay nkand ja nkumbu ni mizik

[Dizu dirumburila]

Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, NY