Kubera iki dukeneye icizigiro?

VYARI kugenda gute iyo Daniel, wa mwana yari arwaye kanseri yavugwa mu ntango y’ikiganiro giheze, agumana icizigiro gikomeye? Yoba yari kunanira iyo kanseri? Aba akiriho n’ubu? Mbere n’abashigikiye cane iciyumviro c’uko icizigiro gishobora gutuma umuntu atora mitende, ntiboshobora kwemeza ko n’ubu yoba akiriho. Iki ciyumviro kirahambaye: ntidukwiye kwiyumvira ko icizigiro gihambaye gusumba uko kiri koko. Icizigiro si umuti uvura indwara zose.

Mu kiganiro muganga Nathan Cherney yatanze kuri televiziyo imwe (CBS News), yaragabishije ku kaga ko kurenza urugero mu kuntu umuntu abona icizigiro igihe yitwararika abarwayi baremvye. Yavuze ati: “Birashika abagabo bagakarira abagore babo babahora ngo barihebura cane, ngo ntibaguma babona ibintu mu buryo bwiza.” Yongeyeko ati: “Kwiyumvira gutyo vyatumye abantu babona ibintu mu buryo butari bwo, bakiyumvira ko umuntu ashobora gutuma kanseri yiwe idakomera, maze igihe amagara y’umuntu arushirije kumera nabi, bagaca biyumvira ko uwo murwayi aba atavyifashemwo neza, ariko ntibiba ari vyo.”

Mu vy’ukuri, abantu baba barwaye indwara yimirije kubahitana baba bariko bararwana urugamba rudasanzwe. Birumvikana rero ko incuti zabo zitokwipfuza kubabwira ibintu vyotuma biyagiriza, kuko ivyo ata kindi vyokora atari ukubongereza umuzigo. None twoca dushika ku ciyumviro c’uko icizigiro ata co kimaze?

Habe namba. Kanatsinda, wa muganga twavuga yaranonosoye ivyo kugabanya ububabare umurwayi afise, atari mu kugerageza kuvura indwara arwaye canke gukora ibintu vyotuma amara kabiri, ahubwo mu gutuma umurwayi yiyumva neza kandi akoroherwa igihe cose aba asigaje kubaho. Abaganga mwene abo babona ko bihambaye cane gufasha abarwayi kugira bumve borohewe, mbere n’aboba baremvye cane. Ibimenyamenya birerekana ko icizigiro gishobora gufasha abarwayi muri ubwo buryo, mbere kurenza aho.

Akamaro k’icizigiro

Umuganga akaba n’umwanditsi yitwa W. Gifford-Jones avuga ati: “Icizigiro ni umuti ukomeye cane.” Yarakurikiranye ivyigwa bitandukanye vyerekana akamaro ko kuremesha abarwaye indwara zimirije kubahitana. Kuremesha abarwayi muri ubwo biratuma bagumana icizigiro kandi bakaguma babona ibintu mu buryo bwiza. Ivyigwa vyagizwe mu 1989 vyerekanye ko abarwayi bafashijwe muri ubwo buryo baramvye gatoyi, naho ubushakashatsi buheruka kugirwa vuba butavyemeza. Ariko rero, ivyigwa vyagizwe vyarerekanye ko abarwayi baremeshwa batarwara cane akabonge canke ngo bababare cane nk’abataremeshwa.

Hari ibindi vyigwa vyagizwe ku bijanye n’ubwoko bumwe bw’indwara y’umutima (iyo bita maladie coronarienne). Vyarerekanye ko kubona ibintu mu buryo bwiza canke mu buryo bubi bishobora kugira uruhara mu gutuma umuntu afatwa canke adafatwa n’iyo ndwara. Muri ivyo vyigwa, barasuzumye bitonze abagabo barenga 1.300 kugira barabe ababona ibintu mu buryo bwiza n’ababona ibintu mu buryo bubi. Inyuma y’imyaka cumi, basanze abarenga ibice 12 kw’ijana barafashwe n’iyo ndwara. Muri bo, ababona ibintu mu buryo bubi baruta hafi incuro zibiri ababona ibintu mu buryo bwiza. Laura Kubzansky, umwigisha w’ivy’amagara y’abantu be n’inyifato mu kibano kuri kaminuza imwe (Harvard School of Public Health), avuga ati: “Ivy’uko ‘kubona ibintu mu buryo bwiza’ bifise akamaro ku magara vyabonwa ko bitagira ishingiro; ariko ivyo vyigwa vyagizwe vyaratanze ibimenyamenya vya mbere vyemeza ko ico ciyumviro ari ukuri mu muce ujanye n’indwara z’umutima.”

Ivyigwa bimwebimwe vyerekanye ko abantu baba bihebuye bateba gusubirana inyuma yo kubagwa kurusha abataba bihebuye. Mbere vyavuzwe ko kutihebura bituma umuntu aramba. Hari ikindi cigwa cagizwe cerekanye ko ukuntu abasaza babona ibijanye n’ubusaza bwabo hari ikintu kinini bibakorako. Igihe hagize uwubabwira ko abasaza ari bo bazi utuntu n’utundi, baca basubirana ingoga. Ingoga baca bagira ni nk’izo boronka hamwe bomara amezi atatu bagira siporo.

Kubera iki kugira icizigiro no kubona ibintu mu buryo bwiza ari ngirakamaro ku magara y’umuntu? Abahinga n’abaganga bashobora kuba bataratahura neza ukuntu ubwonko bw’umuntu n’umubiri wiwe bimeze ku buryo bokwishura neza ico kibazo. Ariko abahinga bagira ivyigwa kuri mwene ivyo bintu baragerageza kucishura bisunze uburambe be n’ubumenyi bafise. Nk’akarorero, umwigisha umwe yize ibijanye n’imitsi nsozabwenge avuga ati: “Ni vyiza kunezerwa no kugumana icizigiro. Ivyo bituma umuntu aguma amerewe neza kandi ntahagarike umutima cane. Mu bihe nk’ivyo, umubiri w’umuntu uramera neza. Ni ikindi kintu abantu bokora kugira bagumane amagara meza.”

Iciyumviro nk’ico gishobora kuba ari gishasha ku baganga, ku bakurikirana ibijanye n’inyifato z’abantu no ku banyasiyansi, ariko si gishasha ku batohoji ba Bibiliya. Haraheze nk’imyaka 3.000 wa mwami w’inkerebutsi Salomo ahumekewe kwandika ikintu nk’ico. Yanditse ati: “Umutima unezerewe ugira neza nk’umuti uvūra, mugabo umutima ukubititse wumisha amagufa.” (Imigani 17:22) Woba ubona uburimbane buri muri ico canditswe? Nticavuze ko umutima unezerewe ukiza indwara, ahubwo cavuze gusa ko “ugira neza nk’umuti uvūra.”

Atari ukwo, umuntu yohava abaza ati: ‘Nimba icizigiro ari umuti, kubera iki abaganga batacandikira abantu?’ Ariko ntiwumve, kugira icizigiro biravamwo n’ibindi vyiza uretse gutuma umuntu agira amagara meza.

Ico icizigiro canke kwihebura bishobora kugira ku buzima bwawe

Abashakashatsi basanze kubona ibintu mu buryo bwiza ari ngirakamaro mu mice myinshi. Abantu babona ibintu mu buryo bwiza usanga bibagendera neza kw’ishure, ku kazi, eka no mu bijanye no kwinonora imitsi. Nk’akarorero, hari icigwa cagizwe ku bagore bari mu mugwi umwe w’inkino zo kwinonora imitsi. Abamenyereza baravuze ivyo babona ku bijanye n’ubuhanga abo bagore bafise mu vy’amahiganwa. Ariko kandi, baranabasuzumye kugira barabe urugero bagezako mu kugumana icizigiro. Basanze ikintu cerekanye neza ukuntu bavyifatamwo mu mahiganwa atari ubuhanga abamenyereza bari babonye kuri bo, ahubwo ari urugero bagezako mu kutanyaruka kwihebura. Kubera iki none kugumana icizigiro bifasha ukuraho?

Igihe na ho abashakashatsi bariko bariga ibijanye no kwihebura, hari ibindi bintu vyinshi bamenye. Mu myaka ya 1960, abashakashatsi barashitse ku kintu batari biteze ku bijanye n’inyifato y’ibikoko, ico na co akaba ari inyiyumvo yo kwihebura. Basanze ico kintu gishikira n’abantu. Nk’akarorero, mu kugira ico cigwa, bafashe umugwi w’abantu, babashira ahantu hari urwamo rwinshi kandi rumena amatwi, maze babereka ubuto bofyonda, hanyuma bababwira biyumvire ukuntu boruzimya bakoresheje ubwo buto. Kandi barabishoboye.

Barasavye uwundi mugwi w’abantu gukora nk’ivyo nyene. Abo bantu barafyondaguye ubwo buto ariko rwa rwamo ruranka kuzima. Benshi mu bari muri bo baciye bihebura, babona ko ata co bashoboye. Igihe mu nyuma babasaba gukora ikintu gifitaniye isano n’ico, bahisemwo kutirirwa baragerageza kubera ko babona ko ata co bari buhindure. Yamara, abari basanzwe babona ibintu mu buryo bwiza bari muri uwo mugwi ntibihebuye.

Umudogoteri yitwa Martin Seligman yafashije mu gutunganya ivyo vyigwa, yaciye yumva yononosora ibijanye no kugumana icizigiro be no kwihebura. Yarize yitonze ibijanye n’abantu babona ko ata co bamaze. Yashitse ku ciyumviro c’uko mwene abo bantu bibagora gukora canke mbere bagashika aho badakora namba. Mu gusozera ibijanye no kwihebura be n’ingaruka bigira, Seligman yavuze ati: “Muri iyi myaka 25 iheze, nariboneye ko hamwe twoba twiyumvira nk’abantu bihebuye, tukitako umwikomo ku bw’ibintu bitunaniye gukora, tuzokwama tubona ibintu muri ubwo buryo, kandi bizogira ingaruka ku vyo dukora vyose maze bitume ibintu birushiriza kwunyuka.”

N’iciyumviro nk’ico gisa na gishasha ku bantu benshi muri iki gihe, ariko abigishwa ba Bibiliya bobo basanzwe babimenyereye. Hari umugani uvuga uti: “Woba wacitse intege ku musi w’amarushwa? Inkomezi zawe zizoba nke.” (Imigani 24:10) Bibiliya irerekana neza ko gucika intege no kubona ibintu mu buryo bubi bituma umuntu atagira inkomezi zo gukora. None wokora iki kugira wirinde kwihebura, ahubwo ugumane icizigiro mu buzima?

 [Ifoto ku rup. 4, 5]

 Kugira icizigiro ni ngirakamaro cane