NI NDE yoshima kurwara? Kimwe coco indwara zirakubuza ico wari kwikorera zikanatuma usohora amahera. Indwara ntizituma umererwa nabi gusa ariko kandi zotuma utaja ku kazi canke kw’ishure, utaja kwicira amahera canke ngo witwararike umuryango wawe. Hari n’igihe vyoba ngombwa ko hagira uwukwitwararika, ugasohora n’amahera menshi mu kugura imiti no mu kwivuza.

Umuntu yozitira ataronerwa. Hari indwara udashobora guhunga. Yamara, hari vyinshi wokora kugira ngo ntizigukarire canke ntizinagufate. Ehe raba ibintu bitanu wokora kugira ngo ugire amagara meza.

Abahinga mu vy’amagara y’abantu bavuga yuko “bumwe mu buryo bwiza kuruta ubundi bwo kwirinda indwara no kwirinda kuzikwiragiza” ari ugukaraba iminwe. Bumwe mu buryo bworoshe umuntu ashobora kwandura ibicurane canke akamangu, ni ukwikora ku zuru canke ku maso mu gihe iminwe yiwe imaze kwandura imigera. Uburyo bwiza kuruta ubundi bwo kwikingira ni ukwama ukaraba iminwe. Isuku rirashobora kandi gutuma indwara zikomeye nk’umusonga canke indwara zo gucibwamwo zidakwiragira, zikaba zihitana abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu barenga imiliyoni zibiri ku mwaka. Mbere na ca kiza ruhonyanganda Ebola coshobora kudakwiragira cane mu gihe abantu bokwimenyereza gusa kuza barakaraba iminwe.

Hari ibihe usanga gukaraba bikingira cane amagara yawe bigakingira n’ay’abandi. Urakwiye gukaraba igihe:

• Uvuye mu kazu ka surwumwe.

• Uhejeje guhindurira umwana ivyahi, uhejeje kumufasha kwituma no kumuhanagura.

• Ugomba kuvura igikomere canke uhejeje.

• Ugomba kuraba umurwayi canke muvanye.

• Ugomba gutegura imfungurwa, kuzigaburira abantu canke gufungura.

• Uhejeje kwasamura, gukorora canke kwimyira.

• Uhejeje gukora ku gikoko, ku gitungwa canke ku mwanda wavyo.

• Uhejeje gukora ku mwavu.

N’ikindi kandi, niwitwararike gukaraba neza. Amatohoza yerekanye yuko abantu benshi bakoresha utuzu twa surwumwe rusangi badakaraba bavuyeyo, n’iyo bakaravye ntibakarabe neza. None wokaraba gute?

• Bombeka iminwe n’amazi atemba ava mw’ibombo canke ayo bagusukira, uce wisiga isabuni.

• Nunyukure neza iminwe kugira haze ifuro, ntiwibagire no kwoza inzara z’intoke zose, inyuma y’intoke no mu myanya y’intoke.

• Nunyukure iminwe n’imiburiburi amasegunda 20.

• Nuce ukaraba neza n’amazi meza atemba ava mw’ibombo canke ayo bagusukira.

• Ca wihanagura n’iswime idacafuye canke agapapuro kabigenewe.

Ivyo ni ibintu bisanzwe yamara bishobora gukinga indwara, bikarokora n’ubuzima.

Mu bihugu bimwebimwe, imiryango ntibiyorohera kuronka amazi meza akwiye. Ariko rero, amazi meza arashobora gukena mu gihugu ico ari co cose bishitse ayo benshi bakoresha akanduzwa n’imvura y’isegenya, igihuhusi, umuringoti ugaturika canke biturutse ku yindi mvo. Amazi atabitswe neza canke ava mw’isoko ritameze neza arashobora gutuma twandura imigera, tukarwara kolera, indwara zo gucibwamwo zibangamira ubuzima, tifoyide, indwara y’igitigu n’izindi. Amazi mabi ni kimwe mu bintu bituma abantu nk’umuliyaridi umwe n’imiliyoni amajana indwi barwara indwara zo gucibwamwo buri mwaka.

Abantu benshi bararwara kolera iyo bihereje ibifungurwa canke amazi vyandujwe n’umwanda mukuru w’abayirwaye. Wokora iki none kugira amazi ukoresha ntiyandure muri ubwo buryo canke mu bundi, n’igihe haba habaye icago?

• Nusuzume yuko amazi yose unywa, ushizemwo n’ayo ukoresha mu kwiyugumura, mu kwoza ivyombo n’ibiribwa canke mu guteka, ari amazi meza ya rusengo canke yo mw’ihinguriro rizwi ko rihingura amazi meza.

• Bishitse amazi ya rusengo mukoresha akaba atari meza, nimuyabize imbere yo kuyakoresha canke muyashiremwo umuti ubereye wica imigera.

• Igihe ukoresha utunini twica imigera canke iyindi miti, nukurikize neza impanuro z’uwahinguye uwo muti.

• Koresha ibikoresho biyungurura neza amazi nimba ushobora kubironka.

• Nimba udashobora kuronka imiti yica imigera, nushire mu mazi umuti witwa javel, ushiremwo utuma tubiri kw’ilitiro ry’amazi, ubivange neza hanyuma ureke binywane iminota 30 imbere y’uko ukoresha ayo mazi.

• Niwame ubika amazi yakuwemwo imicafu mu bikoresho bisukuye, uyapfundikire kugira ngo ntasubire gucafura.

• Raba neza yuko igikoresho cose mukoresha mu kudaha amazi gisa neza.

• Imbere yo gukora ku bikoresho mubikamwo amazi, suzuma yuko iminwe yawe isa neza, wirinde gushira intoke canke ikiganza mu mazi yo kunywa.

Wa wundi ngo amagara aramirwa ntamerwa, kugira ugire amagara meza urakeneye gufungura neza, ugafungura ibintu vyiza kandi bitandukanye. Vyoba vyiza uravye umunyu ufungura uko ungana, ibintu vy’amavuta n’isukari. Urakwiye kandi kuraba neza indya ufungura uko zingana. Nuze urafungura ivyamwa n’imboga kandi uze urahindagura ivyo ufungura. Igihe wipfuza gufungura ibintu vy’intete nk’umuceri canke ibindi, nuhitemwo ibidahinguye. Igihe na ho wipfuza gufungura ibikozwe mu ntete, nk’umukate, amasupageti n’ibindi, nuhitemwo ibikozwe mu ntete zidahinguye. Intete zidahinguye zirimwo ingaburo gusumba izihinguye. Ku bijanye n’indemamubiri, nufungure inyama nkeyi, ufungure ifi nka kangahe mu ndwi nimba bishoboka. Mu bihugu bimwebimwe barafise imboga zigwiriyemwo indemamubiri.

Kurya isukari nyinshi n’ibintu vyinshi birimwo ibinure birashobora gutuma uvyibuha birenze. Kugira uvyirinde, nuze uranywa amazi mu gishingo c’ibinyobwa bisosa. Aho kurya ibintu bisosa cane, nufungure cane ivyamwa. Kugira wirinde kurya ibinure vyinshi, ntuze urafungura cane amasosisi, inyama, amasoro, amagato, iforomaji n’ibisuguti. Aho gutekesha amavuta avuze, nukoreshe amavuta y’amazimazi kuko ari yo meza ku magara.

Kurya umunyu mwinshi birashobora kwongereza ivumbuka ry’umurindi w’amaraso bigatuma amagara yawe ageramirwa. Nimba urya umunyu mwinshi, nuze uraraba ko ivyo wipfuza guteka bidasanzwe birimwo umunyu ntusange uriye mwinshi. Aho gukoresha umunyu mu kurunga imfungurwa, woshobora gukoresha ibirungo.

Kuraba neza ivyo ufungura uko bingana birahambaye cokimwe n’ukuraba neza ubwoko bw’ivyo ufungura. Igihe rero uriko urihereza udufungurwa turyoshe, umaze kwumva ko utagishonje ntubandanye ufungura.

Iyindi ngorane ijanye n’ugufungura ni ukurwara biturutse ku mfungurwa zimeze nabi. Imfungurwa izo ari zo zose zirashobora guteza umuntu ingorane iyo zibitswe nabi canke zitateguwe neza. Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ryitaho amagara y’abantu rivuga ko abantu amamiliyoni buri mwaka barwara bitewe n’imfungurwa zitameze neza. Benshi muri bo barakira neza, ariko hariho abahasiga ubuzima. Wokora iki ngo wikingire?

• Kubera ko imboga zishobora kuba zasoromwe mu murima watabijwe amase, nuzoze neza imbere yo kuzitegura.

• Imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa, banza ukarabe wongere woze ikintu ukatirako ivyo uteka, ivyombo ukoresha n’imeza ukorerako ukoresheje amazi ashushe arimwo isabuni.

• Kugira ngo ntihagire ikiribwa conona ikindi, ntiwigere ushira ivyo ugomba guteka kw’isahani canke ku kindi kintu wari washizeko amagi mabisi, inyama canke ifi, utabanje kucoza.

• Nuteke ibifungurwa ku mucanwa ukwiye gushika bihiye neza, kandi ntutebe kubika muri firigo ibintu vyose bishobora gupfa nimba mudaca muvyikorako ubwo nyene.

• Ibifungurwa bishobora gupfa, nubite iyo bimaze amasaha arenga abiri bitari muri firigo, canke isaha imwe nimba mu nzu hari ubushuhe burenga amadogere 32.

Waba muto canke ukuze, urakeneye kuza urinonora imitsi kugira ugume ufise amagara meza. Abantu benshi ntibinonora imitsi bihagije. Kubera iki bihambaye? Kuza urinonora imitsi birashobora gutuma:

• Usinzira neza.

• Uguma unonotse.

• Amagufa n’imitsi biguma bikomeye.

• Ugira ibiro bitarenze urugero.

• Bitoroha ko urwara akabonge.

• Uramba ntukubiranywe n’urupfu.

Mu gihe utaza urinonora imitsi, vyoshobora gutuma:

• Urwara umutima.

• Urwara indwara y’igisukari yo mu bwoko bwa 2.

• Ivumbuka ry’umurindi w’amaraso ryongerekana.

• Ibinure vyongerekana mu mubiri.

• Ugira ingorane y’itembera ry’amaraso mu bwonko.

Ukwinonora imitsi wogira kwovana n’imyaka ufise n’ingene amagara yawe yifashe, akaba ari co gituma vyoba vyiza ubajije muganga imbere yo gutangura ubwoko bushasha bw’imyimenyerezo. Abahinga batandukanye berekana yuko abana n’imiyabaga bakwiye kumara n’imiburiburi isaha buri musi bagira imyimenyerezo yoroshe n’iyikomeye. Abakuze bakwiye kumara buri ndwi amasaha abiri n’inusu bagira imyimenyerezo yoroshe canke isaha n’iminuta 15 bagira imyimenyerezo ikomeye.

Niwinonore imitsi mu gukora ikintu kikuryohera. Woshobora gukina umupira w’amaboko, tenisi, umupira w’amaguru, gutambuka ningoga, kunyonga ikinga, gukora mu murima, gusatura ibiti, kwoga, gusoza ubwato, kwiruka canke ikindi kintu. None womenya gute umwimenyerezo woroshe canke uwukomeye? Muri rusangi, umwimenyerezo woroshe utuma ubira icuya ariko uwukomeye uranatuma bikugora kuyaga n’umuntu igihe uriko urawugira.

Umwanya umuntu yomara asinziriye uvana n’ivyo akeneye. Inzoya nyinshi ziryama amasaha 16 gushika kuri 18 ku musi, abana bafise imyaka iri hagati y’umwe n’itatu bakaryama nk’amasaha 14, ab’imyaka iri hagati y’itatu n’ine bakaryama nka 11 canke 12. Abafise imyaka yo kuja kw’ishure muri rusangi bakenera kuryama n’imiburiburi amasaha 10, abageze mu buyabaga bagakenera kuryama amasaha nka 9 canke 10, abakuze na bo amasaha ari hagati ya 7 na 8.

Kuryama bihagije ni nkenerwa. Abahinga basigura yuko gusinzira bihagije bikenewe kugira ngo:

• Abana n’imiyabaga bakure neza.

• Twige ibintu bishasha twongere tuvyibuke.

• Tugume dufise urugero rwiza rw’inkabuzo zigira ico zikoze ku kuntu umubiri uhingura ivyo twafunguye no ku biro dufise.

• Ntitugire ingorane y’itembera ry’amaraso mu bwonko.

• Twikingire indwara.

Vyarabonetse ko kudasinzira bihagije bifitaniye isano n’ukuvyibuha birenze, akabonge, kurwara umutima, igisukari n’amasanganya akomeye. Ivyo birakwiye gutuma twitwararika kuryama bihagije.

Wokora iki none usanze ufise ingorane yo kudasinzira bihagije?

• Gerageza kuryama no kuvyuka kuri ya saha nyene.

• Gerageza gutuma aho uryama haba ahantu hatekanye, hatinjira umuco mw’ijoro, haruhura, hadashushe cane kandi hadakanye cane.

• Nturabe imboneshakure canke ngo ukoreshe utwuma tw’ubuhinga bwa none igihe uri mu busaswa.

• Tunganya neza aho uryama kugira wumve worohewe.

• Irinde indya ziremereye, ikawa, icayi canke inzoga imbere yo kuryama.

• Niwamara gukora ivyo vyose ukaguma ufise ingorane y’ugusinzira, nk’akarorero ukama uriko uratura inginga ku murango canke uhema nabi igihe usinziriye, vyoba vyiza wituye muganga yabinonosoye.