1. Dondora ivyabaye igihe Yeruzaremu yatikizwa.

MU 607 imbere ya Kristu, ingabo nyinshi z’Abanyababiloni ziyobowe n’Umwami Nebukadinezari wa kabiri, zarateye igisagara ca Yeruzalemu. Ku bijanye n’abantu be n’ibintu vyahatikiriye, Bibiliya ivuga iti: “[Nebukadinezari] atangura kwicisha inkota imisore yabo mu nzu y’aheranda habo, ntiyumvira impuhwe umusore canke umwigeme w’isugi, umutama canke umusaza bukokori. . . . Atangura guturira inzu y’Imana y’ukuri yongera asiturira hasi uruhome rwa Yeruzalemu; iminara yaho yo kubamwo yose bayituriza umuriro, be n’ibintu vyaho vyose bihimbaye, kugira bahayogeze.”​—2 Ngo. 36:17, 19.

2. Ni imburi iyihe Yehova yatanze ijanye n’ugutikizwa kwa Yeruzalemu, kandi ni ibiki vyoshikiye Abayuda?

² Ugutikizwa kwa Yeruzalemu gushobora kuba ata n’umwe kwatangaje mu bahaba. Abahanuzi bari bamaze imyaka myinshi baburira Abayuda ko babandanije kwirengagiza amategeko y’Imana, botanzwe mu minwe y’Abanyababiloni. Abayuda benshi bokwicishijwe inkota. Aborusimvye na bo, birashoboka ko bomaze ubuzima bwabo bwose mu bunyagano i Babiloni. (Yer. 15:2) None ubuzima bwo muri ubwo bunyagano bwari bumeze gute? Hoba hari ikintu cashikiye abakirisu cogereranywa n’ukwo kugirwa imbohe i Babiloni? Nimba kiriho, cabaye ryari?

3. Ubuzima Abisirayeli bagize mu bunyagano i Babiloni bwari butandukaniye he n’ubwo bagize igihe bari abashumba mu Misiri?

³ Ivyo abahanuzi bari baravuze vyahavuye biba. Yehova abicishije kuri Yeremiya, yarahanuye abobaye inyagano kwemera ivyobashikiye kandi bakavyungukirako uko bishoboka kwose. Yavuze ati: “Nimwubake amazu [i Babiloni] muyabemwo, kandi mutere imirima murye ivyo yamye. Vyongeye, murondere amahoro y’igisagara mujamwo muri inyagano, mugisabire kuri Yehova, kuko nicaba mu mahoro namwe muzogira amahoro.” (Yer. 29:5, 7) Abakurikije ubwo buyobozi barabayeho nk’abandi bose. Hari ukuntu ababagize imbohe babareka bakitunganiriza ivyabo. Izo nyagano mbere zarashobora kugira ingendo mu gihugu cose ata nkomanzi. Babiloni ryari ihuriro ry’ivy’ubudandaji mw’isi y’ico gihe. Ivyacukuwe birerekana ko Abayuda benshi bahigiye umwuga wo kudandaza, abandi na bo baraba abahanga mu vyo guhingura utugenegene. Hari mbere abacitse abatunzi. Ubuzima Abisirayeli bagize mu bunyagano i Babiloni nta ho bwasa busana n’ubwo bagize igihe bari abashumba mu Misiri, mu myaka amajana imbere y’aho.​—Soma Kuvayo 2:23-25.

4. Uretse Abisirayeli bagararije, ni bande kandi bahuye n’ingorane zo mu bunyagano i Babiloni, kandi ni kubera iki batashobora gukora ibintu vyose Itegeko ry’Imana ryasaba?

⁴ Ego ni ko, Abayuda b’inyagano bararonka ivyo bari bakeneye ku mubiri. Ariko none ivy’impwemu vyo bite? Urusengero rwa Yehova be n’igicaniro carwo vyari vyarasambuwe, kandi ubuherezi ntibwari bugikora mu buryo butunganije neza. Muri izo nyagano, harimwo abasavyi b’Imana b’intahemuka ata co bari bakoze cari gutuma bahanwa. Ariko na bo nyene barashikiwe n’ingorane cokimwe n’abandi Bisirayeli bose. Yamara rero, barakora uko bashoboye kwose kugira ngo bitondere Itegeko ry’Imana. Nk’akarorero, igihe Daniyeli na bagenziwe batatu ari bo Shaduraki, Meshaki na Abedinego bari i Babiloni, baranse kurya ibifungurwa Abayuda bari babujijwe. Vyongeye, turazi ko Daniyeli yagumye yiyegereza Imana mw’isengesho. (Dan. 1:8; 6:10) Ariko rero kuri iyo ntwaro ya gipagani, ntivyari gushoboka ko Abayuda batinya Imana bakora ibintu vyose Itegeko ry’Imana ryasaba.

5. Ni ibiki Yehova yasezeraniye abasavyi biwe, kandi ni kubera iki uwo muhango wari uwudasanzwe?

⁵ None Abisirayeli boba bosubiye gusenga mu buryo Imana yemera ata gahaze? Ico gihe, vyasa n’ibidashoboka. Babiloni ntiyigeze irekura imbohe zayo. Mugabo rero, ivyo nta co vyahinduye ku mugambi wa Yehova. Yari yarasezeranye ko abasavyi biwe borekuwe, kandi ni ko vyagenze. Ivyo Imana isezerana vyama biranguka ata kabuza.​—Yes. 55:11.

6, 7. Ni kubera iki bibereye ko dutahura neza igihe abakirisu bagizwe imbohe na Babiloni?

⁶ Abakirisu boba barigeze gushikirwa n’ico twogereranya n’ukuba imbohe i Babiloni? Iki kinyamakuru caramaze imyaka myinshi kivuga yuko abasavyi b’Imana bo mu gihe ca none bagizwe imbohe na Babiloni mu 1918, be n’uko bakuwe muri Babiloni mu 1919. Ariko rero, hariho imvo zatumye biba ngombwa ko duhindura ukuntu twahora dutahura ico ciyumviro. Ivyo ni vyo twihweza muri iki kiganiro no mu gikurikira.

⁷ Rimbura iki kintu: Babiloni Akomeye ni inganji y’isi yose y’idini ry’ikinyoma. Kugira ngo rero abasavyi b’Imana bagirwe imbohe na Babiloni mu 1918, bătegerezwa kuba ari abaja b’idini ry’ikinyoma mu buryo kanaka muri ico gihe. Ariko rero, ivyabaye vyerekana ko mu myaka mirongo imbere y’uko Intambara ya  mbere y’isi yose itangura, abasavyi b’Imana barobanuwe bariko baravavanura na Babiloni Akomeye, aho kuba abashumba bayo. Naho abarobanuwe bahamwe mu gihe c’Intambara ya mbere y’isi yose, amakuba yabashikiye bayatewe ahanini n’abategetsi bo mu ntwaro, aho kuyaterwa na Babiloni Akomeye. Ku bw’ivyo, biragaragara ko abasavyi ba Yehova batagizwe imbohe na Babiloni Akomeye mu 1918.

8. Ni ibiki vyabaye intumwa zimaze gupfa? (Raba ishusho itangura.)

⁸ Kuri Pentekoti yo mu 33 inyuma ya Kristu, Abayuda ibihumbi be n’abinjiye idini ryabo, bararobanujwe impwemu nyeranda. Abo bakirisu bashasha baciye baba “ubwoko bwatowe, ubuherezi bwa cami, ihanga ryeranda, igisata c’inyegu yiharijwe.” (Soma 1 Petero 2:9, 10.) Igihe cose intumwa zari zikiriho, zaguma zicungera neza amashengero y’abasavyi b’Imana. Ariko mu nyuma, na canecane izo ntumwa zimaze gupfa, haradutse abagabo bavuga “ibigoramanze kugira ngo bakwegere abigishwa inyuma yabo.” (Ivyak. 20:30; 2 Tes. 2:6-8) Benshi muri abo bagabo bari bafise amabanga mu mashengero, bakaba bari abacungezi. Ariko rero, bahavuye bitwa ngo ni ba musenyeri. Umugwi w’abakuru b’idini rero wari utanguye kuvuka, uzi n’ingene Yezu yabwiye abayoboke biwe ati: “Mwebwe mwese muri abavukana.” (Mat. 23:8) Abagabo bakomakomeye bari baratwawe n’amafilozofiya ya Aristote na Pulato, barinjije mw’idini inyigisho z’ikinyoma, bagenda barazisubiriza inyigisho zityoroye zo mw’Ijambo ry’Imana.

9. Ubukirisu bwataye umurongo bwashigikiwe gute n’Inganji y’Uburoma, kandi havuyemwo iki?

⁹ Mu 313 inyuma ya Kristu, umwami w’abami w’Umuroma Konsitantino yaratangaje ko ubwo bukirisu bwari bwataye umurongo, bwemewe n’amategeko. Kuva ico gihe, Ekleziya na leta vyaciye bitangura gukorana. Nk’akarorero igihe haba ya Nama y’i Nicée, Konsitantino yarayitavye. Iyo nama irangiye, yaciye ategeka ko umupadiri yitwa Arius yangazwa, kubera yari yanse kwemera ko Yezu ari Imana. Mu nyuma, mu gihe c’Inganji y’umwami w’abami Théodose wa mbere (nko mu mpera z’ikinjana ca kane inyuma ya Kristu), Ekleziya Gatolika yaciye icika idini rya leta mu Nganji y’Uburoma. Abatohozakahise bavuga yuko inganji ya gipagani y’Uburoma ngo “yagizwe iya gikirisu” muri ico kinjana ca kane. Ikizwi ni uko ico gihe, abakirisu bari bahemutse bemeye inyigisho za gipagani zo mu Nganji y’Uburoma, gutyo baba bacitse abanywanyi ba Babiloni Akomeye. Naho ari ukwo, abakirisu bakeyi bameze nk’ingano bariko barakora uko bashoboye kwose kugira ngo basenge Imana, mugabo nta wumviriza ivyo bavuga. (Soma Matayo 13:24, 25, 37-39.) Emwe, bari baboshwe koko na Babiloni!

10. Abantu b’inziraburyarya bisunze iki kugira batore amahinyu inyigisho za Ekleziya mu binjana vya mbere inyuma ya Kristu?

¹⁰ Naho ari ukwo, mu binjana bikeya vya mbere inyuma ya Kristu, abantu benshi barasoma Bibiliya mu kigiriki canke mu kilatini. Bari bashoboye rero kugereranya inyigisho zo mw’Ijambo ry’Imana be n’inyigisho zashinzwe na Ekleziya. Bamwe muri bo baciye biyamiriza inyigisho za Ekleziya zidashingiye ku Vyanditswe, bisunze ivyo basomye muri Bibiliya. Ariko rero kuvuga ikintu nk’ico ku mugaragaro vyaratuma umuntu aja mu kaga, no kwicwa akicwa.

11. Vyagenze gute ngo Ekleziya yigungireko Bibiliya?

¹¹ Mu nyuma, abantu benshi barahevye gukoresha indimi Bibiliya yari yanditswemwo, Ekleziya na yo irarwanya utwigoro two guhindura Ijambo ry’Imana mu ndimi zakoreshwa na benshi. Ivyo vyatumye abakuru ba Ekleziya be  n’abandi bantu bakeyi bize, ari bo bonyene bashobora kwisomera Bibiliya, naho nyene atari bose mu bakuru ba Ekleziya bari bazi neza gusoma no kwandika. Uwahirahira ngo anegure ivyo Ekleziya yigisha yaribonerako. Abasavyi b’Imana barobanuwe b’intahemuka, vyabaye ngombwa ko baza barakoranira hamwe mu migwi binyegeje, na ho nyene igihe vyaba bishobotse. Nk’uko vyari bimeze mu bunyagano bwo muri Babiloni ha kera, abarobanuwe bagize “ubuherezi bwa cami” ntibǎshobora gukora mu buryo butunganije neza. Emwe, Babiloni Akomeye yari yaboshe abantu arabadadira!

12, 13. Ni ibintu bibiri ibihe vyatumye abantu babona ko bashobora kwigobotora mu migozi ya Babiloni Akomeye? Sigura.

¹² None abakirisu b’ukuri boba bokwigeze baronka umwidegemvyo wo gusenga Imana ku mugaragaro kandi mu buryo bwemewe? Cane nyene! Hari ibintu bibiri bihambaye vyatumye umuco wo mu vy’impwemu utangura kurasira mu mwiza. Ica mbere, ni ubuhinga bwubuwe nko mu 1450 bwo gucapura hakoreshejwe utwuma bapanga bagapangura. Imbere y’uko ubuhinga bwo gucapura bushika i Buraya no muri Amerika, Bibiliya yimurwa hakoreshejwe iminwe, bikaba vyari bigoye cane. Bibiliya rero yari umuzi w’ibuye kandi yari izimvye cane. Bivugwa ko umwimuzi w’umuhanga vyamusaba amezi cumi kugira yimure n’iminwe Bibiliya imwe gusa! Vyongeye, ibikoresho bandikako (nk’impapuro zikozwe mu nshato canke mu rufunzo) vyagurwa ibitagenda. Ariko rero hakoreshejwe imashini, uwubimenyereye yarashobora gucapura impapuro 1.300 ku musi!

¹³ Ikintu ca kabiri cafashije cane, ni uko mu ntango z’imyaka ya 1500 hari abagabo bakeyi  b’umutima rugabo bafashe ingingo yo gushira Ijambo ry’Imana mu ndimi zavugwa n’abantu basanzwe. Benshi muri abo bahinduzi baremeye kubikora naho vyashobora kubacisha agatwe. Indongozi za Ekleziya zari zihagaritse umutima cane, kubera ko bishitse umuntu atinya Imana akaronka Bibiliya, zabona ko kabaye! Mugabo uko Bibiliya yarushiriza kuboneka, ni ko abantu bayisoma, bagaca bibaza ibibazo nk’ibi ngo: ‘Ni hehe mw’Ijambo ry’Imana havugwa ipurugatori? Ni hehe havuga ko tworiha imisa yo gusabira abapfuye? Ni hehe havuga ivy’abapapa n’abakaridinali?’ Abakuru ba Ekleziya babona ko ivyo ari agatukisha. Bavuga bati: ‘Abo banyagihugu bubahuka gute guhinyura ivyo Ekleziya yigisha?’ Abagabo n’abagore baragirijwe ngo ni abahakanyi kubera ko biyamiriza inyigisho za Ekleziya. Ariko rero zimwe muri zo zari zishingiye ku mafilozofiya ya gipagani ya Arisitote na Pulato, ababayeho imbere y’uko Yezu Kristu avuka. Ekleziya yarasaba ko bacirwa urwo gupfa, leta na yo igaca ibishira mu ngiro. Ivyo vyagirwa kugira ngo bihanize abantu gusoma Bibiliya no gutora amahinyu Ekleziya. Muri rusangi, Ekleziya yarashitse ku co yashaka. Ariko rero, abantu bakeyi b’umutima rugabo baranse gusha coba imbere ya Babiloni Akomeye. Bari bamaze guhonja kw’Ijambo ry’Imana, bakaba rero bari bashashaye kumenya n’ibindi! Igihe co kubohorwa bakava mw’idini ry’ikinyoma cariko kiregereza.

14. (a) Ni ibiki vyatumye abantu barushiriza gutahura ukuri kwo muri Bibiliya mu myaka ya 1870? (b) Vuga ukuntu umuvukanyi Russell yarondeye kumenya ukuri.

¹⁴ Benshi mu bari banyotewe ukuri kwo muri Bibiliya, baciye bahungira mu bindi bihugu aho Ekleziya itari bwashinge imizi cane. Bari bakeneye gusoma, kwiga, no guhanahana ivyiyumviro ata wubatamika ijambo. Kimwe muri ivyo bihugu ni Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho Charles Taze Russell n’abandi bakeya bari bafatanije na we, batanguye kwiga Bibiliya bavyitondeye, mu myaka ya 1870. Mu ntango, umuvukanyi Russell yashaka kumenya neza idini ryigisha ukuri iryo ari ryo. Yari yaragereranije yitonze inyigisho z’amadini atandukanye, mbere n’ayatari aya gikirisu, afatiye ku vyo Bibiliya ivuga. Ntiyatevye kubona ko ata na rimwe muri ayo madini ryisunga Ijambo ry’Imana ata guca ku ruhande. Igihe kimwe, Russell yarahuye n’abatari bake mu ndongozi z’amadini. Yari yizigiye ko bokwemeye ivyo we na bagenziwe bari bubuye muri Bibiliya, maze bakavyigisha mu madini yabo. Izo ndongozi ntizavyitayeho na gato. Abatohoji ba Bibiliya baciye babona ko urubanza rwiciye: Ntibari gushobora namba kwifatanya n’abiyemeje kwumira kw’idini ry’ikinyoma.​—Soma 2 Abakorinto 6:14.

15. (a) Abakirisu bagizwe imbohe na Babiloni Akomeye ryari? (b) Ni ibibazo ibihe tuzoronkera inyishu mu kiganiro gikurikira?

¹⁵ Twamaze gutahura ko abakirisu b’ukuri bagizwe imbohe na Babiloni, gatoyi inyuma y’urupfu rw’intumwa ya nyuma. Ariko rero, turacakeneye inyishu z’ibi bibazo: Ni ikindi kimenyamenya ikihe cerekana ko mu myaka mirongo imbere ya 1914, abarobanuwe bariko baravavanura koko na Babiloni Akomeye? Vyoba ari ivy’ukuri yuko Yehova ataravye ryiza abasavyi biwe, ngo kubera ko batari bagize umwete mu gikorwa cabo co kwamamaza mu gihe c’Intambara ya mbere y’isi yose? Vyongeye, hoba harabaye abavukanyi badohotse ku kutagira aho bahengamiye muri ico gihe, bigatuma Yehova atabaraba ryiza? Ubwa nyuma, nimba abakirisu baboshwe n’idini ry’ikinyoma kuva mu kinjana ca kabiri inyuma ya Kristu, none babohowe ryari? Ivyo bibazo ni inkoramutima. Tuzobironkera inyishu mu kiganiro gikurikira.