1. Wodondora gute umuryango Yakobo yakuriyemwo?

YAKOBO mwenewabo na Yezu, yakuriye mu muryango wari ufise ukwizera gukomeye. * Abavyeyi biwe, ari bo Yozefu na Mariya, barakunda cane Yehova bakongera bakamukorera uko bashoboye kwose. Yakobo yari afise uwundi muhezagiro, na wo akaba ari uko mukuruwe Yezu ari we yobaye Mesiya yasezeranywe. Ese ukuntu kari agateka kadasanzwe kuri Yakobo kubona yakuriye mu muryango nk’uwo!

2. Ni imvo izihe Yakobo yari afise zo gusonera mukuruwe?

² Yakobo yari afise imvo nyinshi zo gusonera mukuruwe. (Mat. 13:55) Nk’akarorero, igihe Yezu yari afise imyaka 12 yari azi neza Ivyanditswe, ku buryo yatangaza abagabo b’inararibonye b’i Yeruzalemu bari barize cane. (Luka 2:46, 47) Yakobo ashobora kuba yarakoranye na Yezu umwuga wo kubaza. Nimba barakoranye, bishobora kuba vyaramuhaye akaryo ko kumenya neza uwo mwenewabo. Umuvukanyi Nathan Knorr yarakunda kwivugira ati: “Iyo mukorana n’umuntu ni ho umumenya neza.” * Yakobo ashobora kandi kuba yaribonera ingene “Yezu [ya]bandanya gutera imbere mu bukerebutsi no gukura ku mubiri no kugira ubutoni ku Mana no ku bantu.” (Luka 2:52) Dufatiye kuri ivyo, twoshobora kwiyumvira ko ari mu bantu ba mbere babaye abigishwa ba Yezu. Ariko rero si ko vyagenze.

3. Mu ntango y’igikorwa ca Yezu, Yakobo yakiriye gute inyigisho ziwe?

 ³ Mu kiringo Yezu yamaze ariko ararangura igikorwa ciwe ng’aha kw’isi, Yakobo ntiyabaye umwigishwa wiwe. (Yoh. 7:3-5) Nkako, Yakobo ashobora kuba yari mu ncuti za Yezu ziyumvira ko yari “yasaze.” (Mrk. 3:21) Vyongeye, nta na kimwe cerekana ko Yakobo yari kumwe na nyina wabo Mariya, igihe Yezu yicirwa ku giti co kubabarizwako.​—Yoh. 19:25-27.

4. Ni ivyigwa ibihe tugiye kurimbura?

⁴ Yakobo yahavuye yizera Yezu, mu nyuma araba umukurambere yubahwa mw’ishengero rya gikirisu. Muri iki kiganiro, turarimbura ivyigwa bibiri dushobora kwigira kuri Yakobo: (1) igituma dukwiye kuguma twicisha bugufi, (2) ingene twoba abigisha beza.

5. Ivya Yakobo vyahavuye bigenda gute inyuma y’aho Yezu azukiye maze akamwiyereka?

⁵ None ni ryari Yakobo yabaye umwigishwa wa Yezu w’intahemuka? Inyuma y’aho Yezu azukiye, “yariyeretse Yakobo, maze yiyereka intumwa zose.” (1 Kor. 15:7) Uwo mubonano ni wo watumye Yakobo ahinduka akaba umwigishwa wa Yezu. Igihe intumwa zari mu cumba co hejuru i Yeruzalemu zirindiriye impwemu nyeranda zari zarasezeraniwe, Yakobo ni ho yari. (Ivyak. 1:13, 14) Mu nyuma, Yakobo yaratewe iteka ryo kuba mu bari bagize inama nyobozi yo mu kinjana ca mbere. (Ivyak. 15:6, 13-22; Gal. 2:9) Vyongeye, imbere yo mu 62 inyuma ya Kristu, Yakobo ahumekewe n’Imana yarandikiye ikete abakirisu barobanuwe. Iryo kete riradufitiye akamaro muri iki gihe, twaba dufise icizigiro co kuzoba mw’ijuru canke kw’isi. (Yak. 1:1) Twisunze ibivugwa n’umuhinga mu vya kahise wo mu kinjana ca mbere yitwa Josèphe, Yakobo yishwe kw’itegeko ryatanzwe n’umuherezi mukuru w’Abayuda, ari we Ananiya mwene Anasi. Yakobo yagumye ari umwizigirwa kuri Yehova gushika arangije ubuzima bwiwe bwo kw’isi.

6. Ni mu buryo ki Yakobo yari atandukanye n’indongozi z’idini zo mu gihe ciwe?

⁶ Yakobo yaricisha bugufi. Uti kubera iki? Raba itandukaniro ry’ukuntu Yakobo yahavuye abona Yezu be n’ukuntu indongozi nyinshi z’idini zamubona. Igihe Yakobo yabona ibimenyamenya ntaharirizwa vyerekana ko Yezu ari Umwana w’Imana, yaravyemeye yicishije bugufi. Ariko si ko vyagenze ku baherezi bakuru b’i Yeruzalemu. Nk’akarorero, ntibari gushobora guhakana ko Yezu yari yazuye Lazaro. Ariko aho kwemera ko Yezu yari  yarungitswe na Yehova, baciye barondera kumwica be na Lazaro. (Yoh. 11:53; 12:9-11) Mu nyuma na ho, igihe Yezu yazuka mu bapfuye, baragize umugambi wo kubihisha abantu. (Mat. 28:11-15) Ubwibone bw’izo ndongozi z’idini ni bwo bwatumye zihakana Mesiya.

7. Kubera iki dukwiye kwirinda ubwibone?

⁷ Icigwa tuhakura: Niwirinde ubwibone, kandi wemere kwigishwa. Nka kurya nyene indwara ishobora gutuma imitsi y’umutima idadarara bigatuma udatera neza, ni ko n’ubwibone bushobora gukomantaza umutima wacu w’ikigereranyo bigatuma tutemera kuyoborwa na Yehova. Abafarizayo barakomantaje umutima cane, ku buryo banse kwemera ibimenyamenya bigaragara biboneye biciye ku mpwemu y’Imana. (Yoh. 12:37-40) Ubwo bwibone bwarabakwegeye akarambaraye kuko bwatumye bataronka ubuzima budahera. (Mat. 23:13, 33) Ese ukuntu rero bihambaye ko tubandanya kureka Ijambo ry’Imana be n’impwemu yayo bigahindura kamere zacu be n’ivyiyumviro vyacu, kandi tukavyisunga mu ngingo dufata! (Yak. 3:17) Kubera ko Yakobo yicisha bugufi, yaremeye kwigishwa na Yehova. Kandi nk’uko tuza kubibona, ukwicisha bugufi kwiwe ni kwo kwatumye aba umwigisha mwiza.

8. Ni ibiki bizodufasha kuba abigisha beza?

⁸ Yakobo ntiyari yarize amashure menshi. Nta nkeka ko indongozi z’idini zo mu gihe ciwe zamubona nk’umuntu ‘atize kandi asanzwe,’ nk’uko zabona intumwa Petero na Yohani. (Ivyak. 4:13) Ariko rero Yakobo yahavuye aba umwigisha mwiza, nk’uko tubibonera mu gitabu yanditse citirirwa izina ryiwe. Cokimwe na Yakobo, dushobora kuba tutize amashure menshi. Naho ari ukwo, tubifashijwemwo n’impwemu ya Yehova be n’ukumenyerezwa duhabwa n’ishirahamwe ryiwe, na twebwe turashobora kuba abigisha beza. Nimuze turabe akarorero Yakobo yadusigiye mu bijanye no kwigisha, tubone n’ivyigwa twomwigirako.

9. Wodondora gute uburyo Yakobo yigisha?

⁹ Yakobo ntiyakoresha amajambo agoye canke ivyiyumviro bihanitse. Ivyo vyatuma abo yandikiye bamenya ivyo bari bakwiye gukora  be n’ingene bobikora. Nk’akarorero, raba ingene Yakobo yatanze icigwa mu buryo busanzwe cerekana ko abakirisu bakwiye kwemera kwihanganira akarenganyo batidoga. Yanditse ati: “Abihanganye tubita abahirwe. Mwarumvise ivya kwa kwihangana kwa Yobu mwongera murabona icavuyemwo gitanzwe na Yehova, murabona yuko Yehova ari umunyakibabarwe cane n’umunyembabazi.” (Yak. 5:11) Urabona ko inyigisho za Yakobo yazishingira ku Vyanditswe. Yarakoresheje Ijambo ry’Imana kugira ngo afashe abo yandikiye kubona ko Yehova yama aha impera abaguma ari intahemuka kuri we, nka kumwe kwa Yobu. Yakobo yatanze ico cigwa akoresheje amajambo yoroshe kandi yumvikana. Ivyo vyatumye yerekeza ivyiyumviro vyabo kuri Yehova, aho kuvyerekeza kuri we.

10. Uburyo bumwe twokwigana Yakobo igihe twigisha ni ubuhe?

¹⁰ Icigwa tuhakura: Niwigishe mu buryo bworoshe, kandi wisunge Ijambo ry’Imana. Intumbero yacu ntikwiye kuba iyo gutangaza abandi ko tuzi ibintu vyinshi, ahubwo ni iyo gutuma batangazwa n’ibintu vyinshi Yehova azi be n’ukuntu abitwararika cane. (Rom. 11:33) Ivyo tubishikako mu kwama tuvuga ibintu bishingiye ku Vyanditswe. Nk’akarorero, aho kubwira abo twigisha Bibiliya ngo iyaba nari wewe nokora gutya, dukwiye kubafasha kuzirikana ku burorero bwo muri Bibiliya tukongera tukabafasha gutahura ingene Yehova abona ibintu. Ivyo bizotuma bipfuza guhimbara Yehova aho guhimbara twebwe.

11. Abakirisu bamwebamwe bo mu gihe ca Yakobo bari bafise ingorane izihe, kandi ni impanuro iyihe yabahaye? (Yakobo 5:13-15)

¹¹ Yakobo ntiyarya umunwa. Uravye ikete Yakobo yanditse, urabona ko yari azi neza ingorane zariko zirashikira abo bari basangiye ukwemera, kandi yaciye abaha impanuro zitomoye ku bijanye n’ico bokora. Nk’akarorero, bamwebamwe ntibihutira gushira mu ngiro impanuro. (Yak. 1:22) Abandi baratonesha abatunzi. (Yak. 2:1-3) Abandi na bo vyarabagora kugumya ururimi. (Yak. 3:8-10) Naho abo bakirisu bari bafise ingorane zikomeye, Yakobo ntiyaciye abaheba. Yarabahaye impanuro mu bugwaneza mugabo atarya umunwa, yongera aremesha abari bafise ingorane mu vy’impwemu kwitura abakurambere ngo na bo nyene babafashe.​—Soma Yakobo 5:13-15.

12. Ni gute twoguma tubona ibintu mu buryo bwiza igihe dufasha abo twigisha Bibiliya?

¹² Icigwa tuhakura: Nube umuntu atarya umunwa, mugabo ugume ubona abandi mu buryo bwiza. Benshi mu bo twigisha Bibiliya vyoshobora kubagora gushira mu ngiro impanuro ziri muri yo. (Yak. 4:1-4) Vyoshobora gufata igihe kugira ngo barandurane n’imizi kamere mbi bafise maze bazisubirize kamere nziza ziranga abakirisu. Cokimwe na Yakobo, turakwiye kugira umutima rugabo wo kubwira abo twigisha Bibiliya ivyo bakwiye kuryohora. Turakwiye no kuguma tubona ibintu mu buryo bwiza, twizigiye ko Yehova azokwegera abantu bicisha bugufi akongera akabaha inkomezi kugira ngo bagire ivyo bahinduye mu buzima bwabo.​—Yak. 4:10.

13. Twisunze Yakobo 3:2, ni igiki Yakobo yiyemerera?

¹³ Yakobo ntiyishira hejuru y’abandi. Yakobo ntiyabona ko umuryango yavukiyemwo canke uduteka yari afise vyatuma aba uwudasanzwe, canke ngo bitume yishira hejuru y’abo bari basangiye ukwemera. Abo bari basangiye ukwemera yabita ngo “bene wacu bakundwa.” (Yak. 1:16, 19; 2:5) Ntiyigeze agerageza kwerekana ko yari atunganye. Ahubwo riho, na we nyene yarishizemwo igihe yavuga ngo: “Twese dutsitara kenshi.”​—Soma Yakobo 3:2.

14. Kubera iki dukwiye kwemera n’umutima ukunze ko dukora amakosa?

 ¹⁴ Icigwa tuhakura: Niwibuke ko twese turi abacumuzi. Ntidukwiye kwiyumvira ko hari ukuntu turuta abo twigisha. Kubera iki? Iyo dutumye uwo twigisha yiyumvira ko turi abantu batagira akanenge, yoshobora guca yibaza ko atazokwigera ashitsa ivyo Imana imusaba. Ariko iyo twemeye twicishije bugufi ko bitamye bitworohera gushira mu ngiro ingingo ngenderwako zo muri Bibiliya, tukongera tugasigurira uwo twigisha ingene Yehova yadufashije gutsinda urwo rugamba, tuba tumufashije kubona ko na we nyene ashobora gukorera Yehova.

15. Wodondora gute ibigereranyo Yakobo yakoresheje? (Yakobo 3:2-6, 10-12)

¹⁵ Yakobo yakoresheje ibigereranyo bikora ku mutima. Naho impwemu nyeranda ari yo yamufashije, kwiga ibigereranyo mukuruwe Yezu yari yarakoresheje, na vyo nyene bishobora kuba vyaratumye amenya ingene yokwigisha neza. Ibigereranyo Yakobo yakoresheje mw’ikete ryiwe biroroshe, kandi n’ivyigwa birimwo biratomoye.​—Soma Yakobo 3:2-6, 10-12.

16. Kubera iki dukwiye gukoresha ibigereranyo bikora ku mutima?

¹⁶ Icigwa tuhakura: Nukoreshe ibigereranyo bikora ku mutima. Iyo ukoresheje ibigereranyo bibereye, bica bituma umuntu yiha ishusho mu bwenge. Iyo shusho asigarana mu bwenge, ica imufasha kwibuka ibintu nyamukuru aba yize muri Bibiliya. Yezu yari umuhinga mu gukoresha ibigereranyo bikora ku mutima, kandi na Yakobo mwenewabo yaramwiganye. Nimuze dusuzume kimwe mu bigereranyo Yakobo yakoresheje, tubone n’igituma gikora ku mutima cane.

17. Kubera iki ikigereranyo dusanga muri Yakobo 1:22-25 gikora ku mutima cane?

¹⁷ Soma Yakobo 1:22-25. Hariho imvo zitandukanye zituma ico kigereranyo Yakobo yakoresheje c’icirore kiba igikora ku mutima. Yari afise mu bwenge icigwa gitomoye yashaka kutwigisha, na co kikaba ari iki: Nimba twipfuza ko Ijambo ry’Imana ritugirira akamaro, dutegerezwa gukora n’ibindi uretse kurisoma gusa; dutegerezwa gushira mu ngiro ivyo dusoma. Yakobo yahisemwo ikigereranyo abo yandikiye baca batahura bitagoranye, na co kikaba ari ic’umuntu yiraba  mu cirore. Ni icigwa ikihe none yashaka gutanga? Hamwe umuntu yokwiraba mu cirore akabona ivyo akwiye gukosora mugabo ntabikosore, nta co vyoba bimaze. Muri ubwo buryo nyene, hamwe twosoma Ijambo ry’Imana tukabona kamere dukwiye gukosora mugabo ntituyikosore, nta co vyoba bimaze.

18. Ni ibintu bitatu ibihe twokora igihe dukoresha ikigereranyo?

¹⁸ Igihe ukoresha ikigereranyo, urashobora kwigana Yakobo mu gukora ibi bintu bitatu: (1) Nurabe neza ko ico kigereranyo kijanye neza n’ivyo muriko muraganirako. (2) Nukoreshe ikigereranyo uwo wigisha ashobora gutahura bitagoranye. (3) Niwerekane neza icigwa kiri muri ico kigereranyo. Nimba bikugora kwiyumvira ibigereranyo bibereye wokoresha, nubironderere muri ca Gitabu c’ubushakashatsi c’Ivyabona vya Yehova. Munsi y’agatwe kavuga ngo “Illustrations” (ibigereranyo), urahasanga uburorero butari buke wokoresha. Ariko rero, niwibuke ko ibigereranyo bimeze nka mikoro, kuko vyumvikanisha neza icigwa ushaka gutanga. Ku bw’ivyo, niwitwararike gutanga ibigereranyo bijanye gusa n’ivyiyumviro nyamukuru ushaka ko batahura. Ariko rero imvo nyamukuru ituma twipfuza kuryohora ubuhanga bwacu bwo kwigisha, si ugutuma abantu batwemera, ahubwo ni ugufasha benshi bashoboka bakaza mu muryango wa Yehova urangwa agahimbare.

19. Twerekana gute ko dukenguruka umuryango wacu wo mu vy’impwemu?

¹⁹ Naho twebwe tutaronse agateka ko gukurana na mwenewacu atunganye, twaratewe agateka ko gukorera Yehova turi kumwe n’umuryango munini w’abavukanyi na bashiki bacu. Turerekana ko tubakunda mu kwifatanya na bo, mu kugira ivyo tubigiyeko, no mu gusenyera ku mugozi umwe na bo tudahemuka mu gikorwa co kwamamaza no kwigisha. Nitwihatira kwicisha bugufi nka Yakobo, tukigana inyifato yiwe be n’uburyo yakoresha mu kwigisha, tuzotera iteka Yehova twongere dufashe abantu b’umutima ubereye kwiyegereza uwo Muvyeyi wacu wo mw’ijuru.