Ni Kubera Iki Dukwiye Guhimbaza Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba?

“Ico nahawe n’Umwami wacu [ni] co nabashikirije namwe.”​—1 AB’I KORINTO 11:23.

1, 2. Ni igiki Yezu yakoze mw’ijoro rya Pasika mu 33 G.C.?

UMWANA w’ikinege wa Yehova ni ho yari ari. Abagabo 11 ‘bagumanye na we mu vyo yageragejwe vyose’ na bo nyene ni ho bari bari. (Luka 22:28) Hari ku wa Kane ku mugoroba, igenekerezo rya 31 Ntwarante mu 33 G.C., bikaba bishoboka cane ko ukwezi kw’igisyo kwabonesha ikirere c’i Yeruzalemu. Yezu Kirisitu n’intumwa ziwe ni ho bari bagiheza guhimbaza Pasika. Wa muguranyi Yuda Isikariyoti yari yataramuwe, ariko nticari co gihe c’uko abasigaye bahava. Kubera iki? Kubera yuko hari ikintu gihambaye cane Yezu yagira akore. Ico kintu cari igiki?

² Kubera yuko umwanditsi w’Injili Matayo ari ho yari ari, reka abitwiganire. Yanditse ati: “Yezu yābira umutsima, awuhezagiye arawumanyagura, awuha abigishwa, ati Ni mwābire, murye, uyu n’umubiri wanje. Yābira igikombe, agishimira Imana, arakibaha, ati Ni mukinywereko mwese, kukw iki ar’amaraso yanje y’isezerano, aviriye benshi ngo baharirwe ivyaha.” (Matayo 26:26-28) Ico coba cari ikintu categerezwa kuba rimwe gusa? Cari kivuze iki? Hoba hari ico kitubwiye muri iki gihe?

“Murahora mugira murtya”

3. Ni kubera iki ivyo Yezu yakoze mw’ijoro ryo ku wa 14 Nisani mu 33 G.C. vyari biri n’ico bivuze?

³ Ico Yezu Kirisitu yakoze muri iryo joro ryo ku wa 14 Nisani mu 33 G.C., nticari ikintu kibaye mu buzima bwiwe ngo gice giherera aho. Intumwa Paulo yaragize ico akivugako igihe yandikira Abakirisu basizwe b’i Korinto, aho hari haciye imyaka irenga 20 kigikurikizwa. Naho Paulo atari kumwe na Yezu be na za ntumwa ziwe 11 mu 33 G.C., nta gukeka ko yamenyeye ivyabaye ico gihe kuri bamwebamwe muri izo ntumwa. Vyongeye, biboneka ko yaronse ikimenyamenya c’ivyabaye ico gihe biciye ku vyo yahishuriwe ahumekewe. Yavuze ati: “Ico nahawe n’Umwami wacu [ni] co nabashikirije namwe, yuk’Umwami Yesu mw ijoro  yaguzwemwo yābiriye umutsima, akawushimira Imana, akawumanyagura, akavuga, at’Uyu n’umubiri wanje ubatangiwe, murahora mugira murtya kugira ngo kibe icibutso canje. N’igikombe akigenza artyo, bahejeje kurya, arababgira at’Iki gikombe n’isezerano risha ryo mu maraso yanje; murahora mugira murtya uko muzonywako, kugira ngo kibe icibutso canje.”​—1 Ab’i Korinto 11:23-25.

4. Ni kubera iki Abakirisu bakwiye guhimbaza Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba?

⁴ Wa mwanditsi w’Injili Luka aremeza yuko Yezu yategetse ati: “Murakore murtya kugira ngo kibe icibutso canje.” (Luka 22:19) Ayo majambo yahinduwe kandi ngo: “Ivyo murabigire munyibuka.” (Ubwuzure Bushasha) Nkako, iryo himbaza akenshi rivugwa ko ari Icibutso c’urupfu rwa Kirisitu. Paulo acita kandi Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba, iryo rikaba ari izina ribereye kubera yuko zatangujwe mw’ijoro. (1 Ab’i Korinto 11:20) Abakirisu barasabwa guhimbaza Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba. Ariko none, ni kubera iki iryo himbaza ryatangujwe?

Icatumye Icibutso gitanguzwa

5, 6. (a) Ni imvo imwe iyihe yatumye Yezu atanguza Icibutso? (b) Tanga iyindi mvo yatumye Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba zitanguzwa.

⁵ Imvo imwe yatumye Icibutso gitanguzwa irafitaniye isano n’imwe mu ntumbero urupfu rwa Yezu rwari rufise. Yapfuye kugira yemeze ubusegaba bwa Se wiwe wo mw’ijuru. Gutyo, Kirisitu yaragaragaje ko Shetani wa Mucokoranyi ari umubeshi, uwari yavuze ibinyoma yuko abantu bakorera Imana babitumwe gusa n’ivyo bironderera. (Yobu 2:1-5) Kuba Yezu yapfuye ari umwizerwa vyarerekanye yuko ivyo Shetani yivugishije ari ibinyoma, vyongera bituma umutima wa Yehova unezerwa.​—Imigani 27:11.

⁶ Iyindi mvo yatumye Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba zitanguzwa, kwari ukutwibutsa yuko Yezu ‘yatanze ubugingo bwiwe kw’incungu ya benshi’ igihe yapfa ari umuntu atagira agasembwa kandi atagira icaha. (Matayo 20:28) Igihe wa muntu wa mbere yacumura ku Mana, yaritesheje ubuzima butagira agasembwa be n’ivyiza vyose yoburonsemwo. Ariko rero, Yezu yavuze ati: “Urukundo Imana yakunze abari mw isi [ni] rwo rwatumye itanga umwana wayo w’ikinege, ng’ūmwizera wese ntaz’apfe rubi, arikw ahabge ubu[zima] budashira.” (Yohana 3:16) Nkako, “ingero y’icaha n’urupfu; arikw ingabire y’Imana n’ubu[zima] budashira, bubonerwa muri Kristo Yesu Umwami wacu.” (Abaroma 6:23) Guhimbaza Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba biratwibutsa urukundo ruhambaye Yehova n’Umwana wiwe batugaragarije mu bijanye n’urupfu rw’ukwitangako inkuka rwa Yezu. Ese ukuntu dukwiye gukenguruka urwo rukundo!

Gikwiye guhimbazwa ryari?

7. Ni mu buhe buryo Abakirisu basizwe bafungura ‘kenshi’ ku Cibutso?

⁷ Ku bijanye n’Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba, Paulo yavuze ati: “Uko murya uwo mutsima kand’uko munywera kur’ico gikombe, muba mumenyekanisha urupfu rw’Umwami wacu, kugeza ah’azozira.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 11:26) Abakirisu basizwe bofunguye ku bimenyetso vy’Icibutso gushika bapfuye. Gutyo, imbere ya Yehova Imana be n’isi, bogumye baza baramamaza ukwizera bafise mu ntunganyo Imana yashizeho yerekeye inkuka y’incungu ya Yezu.

8. Umugwi w’abasizwe wotegerejwe guhimbaza Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba kugeza ryari?

⁸ Umugwi w’Abakirisu basizwe wohimbaje Icibutso c’urupfu rwa Kirisitu gushika ryari? Paulo yavuze ko bogihimbaje “kugeza ah’azozira,” bikaba biboneka ko yashaka kuvuga yuko bobandanije kugihimbaza gushika Yezu ashitse, akakirira mw’ijuru abayoboke biwe basizwe, biciye kw’izuka riba mu gihe c’“ukuhaba” kwiwe. (1 Ab’i Tesalonike 4:14-17, NW) Ivyo birahuye n’amajambo Yezu yabwiye za ntumwa ziwe z’intahemuka 11 agira ati: “Ko ngiye kubategurira ahanyu, nzogaruka kubajana i wanje, ngw aho ndi namwe abe ari ho muba.”​—Yohana 14:3.

9. Amajambo ya Yezu yanditse muri Mariko 14:25 ashaka kuvuga iki?

⁹ Igihe Yezu yatanguza Icibutso, yaravuze ivyerekeye igikombe c’umuvinyu, hanyuma abwira intumwa ziwe b’abizerwa ati: “Sinzokwongera kunywa ku nzabibu, gushitsa kuri wa musi nzonywera umutobe wazo musha mu bgami bg’Imana.” (Mariko 14:25) Kubera yuko Yezu atobaye ariko anywa umuvinyu nya muvinyu mw’ijuru,  biboneka ko yashaka kuvuga umunezero rimwe na rimwe ugereranywa n’umuvinyu. (Zaburi 104:15; Umusiguzi 10:19) Kuba bari kumwe mu Bwami cobaye ari ikintu giteye umunezero we n’abayoboke biwe bari barindiranye umushasharo mwinshi.​—Abaroma 8:23; 2 Ab’i Korinto 5:2.

10. Icibutso gikwiye guhimbazwa kangahe?

¹⁰ Urupfu rwa Yezu rwoba rwari rukwiye guhimbazwa ku kwezi ku kwezi, ku ndwi ku ndwi, canke mbere ku musi ku musi? Eka da! Yezu yaratanguje Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba hanyuma yicwa ku musi wa Pasika, uwahimbazwa kugira ‘wibutse’ Isirayeli igihe yabohorwa igakurwa mu buja bwo mu Misiri mu 1513 B.G.C. (Kuvayo 12:14) Pasika yahimbazwa rimwe gusa mu mwaka, ku musi ugira 14 w’ukwezi kw’Abayuda kwitwa Nisani. (Kuvayo 12:1-6; Abalewi 23:5) Ivyo vyerekana yuko urupfu rwa Yezu rukwiye guhimbazwa gusa incuro Pasika yahimbazwa, ni ukuvuga uko umwaka utashe, si ku kwezi ku kwezi, ku ndwi ku ndwi, canke ku musi ku musi.

11, 12. Kahise gahishura iki ku vyerekeye uguhimbaza Icibutso kwagirwa mu ntango?

¹¹ Birabereye rero guhimbaza Icibutso ku mwaka ku mwaka kw’igenekerezo rya 14 Nisani. Igitabu kimwe kivuga giti: “Abakirisu bo muri Aziya Ntoyi babita Quartodecimanus [ab’umusi w’14] kubera umugenzo bari bafise wo guhimbaza paska [Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba] ku musi udahinduka wo ku wa 14 Nisani . . . Iryo genekerezo ryashobora gushika ku musi wa Gatanu canke rigashika ku wundi musi uwo ari wo wose wo mu ndwi.”​—The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Volume IV, page 44.

¹² Umutohozakahise yitwa John Laurence von Mosheim yaragize ico avuga ku bijanye n’umugenzo wagirwa mu kinjana ca kabiri mu G.C., araheza avuga yuko nya bantu b’umusi w’14 bahimbaza Icibutso kw’igenekerezo rya 14 Nisani kubera yuko “babona ko akarorero ka Kirisitu kari gafise ububasha nk’ubw’itegeko.” Uwundi mutohozakahise avuga ati: “Amadini ya bamwe bitwa Quartodecimanus [ab’umusi w’14] yabandanije gukurikiza icitegererezo c’ishengero ry’i Yeruzalemu. Mu kinjana ca kabiri, ayo madini yahimbaza Paska ku wa 14 Nisani kugira yibuke incungu yashizweho n’urupfu rwa Kirisitu.”​—Studia Patristica, Volume V, 1962, page 8.

Ico umukate usobanura

13. Ni umukate umeze gute Yezu yakoresheje igihe yatanguza Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba?

¹³ Igihe Yezu yatanguza Icibutso, ‘yarabiriye umutsima, arawuhezagira, arawumanyagura, maze awuha intumwa.’ (Mariko 14:22) Umukate bari bafise ico gihe wari nk’umwe bari bahejeje gukoresha mu guhimbaza Pasika. (Kuvayo 13:6-10) Kubera yuko wari wakozwe ata mwambiro ushizwemwo, wari ubase kandi ukecagurika kandi wategerezwa kumanyagurwa kugira ugabanganywe. Igihe Yezu yagwiza umukate ku gitangaro kugira awuhe abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, na wo nyene wari woroshe kumanyura, kubera yuko yawumanyaguye kugira bashobore kuwugabanganya. (Matayo 14:19; 15:36) Biboneka rero yuko kumanyagura umukate w’Icibutso ata nsobanuro yo mu vy’impwemu bifise.

14. (a) Ni kubera iki bibereye ko umukate ukoreshwa ku Cibutso ata mwambiro ujamwo? (b) Ni umukate umeze gute ushobora kwotswa kugira ukoreshwe mu guhimbaza Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba?

¹⁴ Ku biraba umukate Yezu yakoresheje igihe yatanguza Icibutso, yavuze ati: “Uyu n’umubiri wanje ubatangiwe.” (1 Ab’i Korinto 11:24; Mariko 14:22) Vyari bibereye yuko uwo mukate utabamwo umwambiro. Kubera iki? Kubera yuko umwambiro ushobora gusobanura ububi, ububisha, canke icaha. (1 Ab’i Korinto 5:6-8) Umukate wagereranya umubiri wa Yezu utagira agasembwa, ata caha ugira, bikaba vyari bibereye ko awutangako inkuka y’incungu. (Abaheburayo 7:26; 10:5-10) Ivyabona vya Yehova bagumiza ivyo mu muzirikanyi kandi bagakurikiza akarorero Yezu yasize, mu gukoresha umukate utambiwe igihe bahimbaza Icibutso. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, bakoresha umukate w’Abayuda witwa azime ata bindi bintu vyo kuwurunga vyongewemwo, nk’ibitunguru canke amagi. Aho uwo mukate utaboneka, umukate utambiwe urashobora gukorwa mw’ifarini (aho bishoboka ifarini y’ingano) ivanze n’utuzi dukeyi. Igicumbe gikwiye kuramvurwa gushika aho kigira intimba ntoyi cane, maze kigashobora kwotswa kw’ipano basize utuvuta dukeyi, gushika umukate wumye kandi ukecagurika.

 Ico umuvinyu usobanura

15. Igikombe Kirisitu yakoresheje mu gutanguza Icibutso c’urupfu rwiwe carimwo iki?

¹⁵ Bamaze guhanahana umukate utambiwe, Yezu yaciye yakira igikombe, ‘agishimira Imana agiha intumwa, zikinywerako zose.’ Yezu yasiguye ati: “Ico n’amaraso yanje y’isezerano, aviriye benshi.” (Mariko 14:23, 24) Muri nya gikombe harimwo iki? Harimwo umuvinyu uhiye, ntiharimwo umutobe w’inzabibu. Igihe Ivyanditswe bivuga umuvinyu, ntibiba biriko biravuga umutobe w’inzabibu. Nk’akarorero, nk’uko Yezu yabivuze, umuvinyu uhiye woturitsa “imikuza y’insato ibōmbōtse,” ariko umutobe w’inzabibu ntiwoyituritsa. N’abansi ba Kirisitu bamwagirije ko yari “umunoho wa vino.” Ivyo bamwagirije nta co vyari kuba bivuze iyo uwo muvinyu uba wari umutobe w’inzabibu gusa. (Matayo 9:17; 11:19) Umuvinyu waranyobwa mu gihe c’uguhimbaza Pasika, kandi na Kirisitu ni wo yakoresheje igihe yatanguza Icibutso c’urupfu rwiwe.

16, 17. Ni umuvinyu bwoko ki ubereye mu gihe c’uguhimbaza Icibutso, kandi kubera iki?

¹⁶ Umuvinyu utukura wonyene ni co kimenyetso kibereye c’ico ivyari muri ico gikombe bigereranya, ni ukuvuga amaraso ya Yezu yasesetse. We ubwiwe yavuze ati: “Iki [n]’amaraso yanje y’isezerano, aviriye benshi.” Intumwa Petero na we yanditse ati: “[Mwebwe Abakirisu basizwe] muzi yukw ivyo mwacungujwe ngo muve mu ngeso zanyu z’imburakimazi mwatojwe na ba sogokuruza atar’ibishira, nk’ifeza canke izahabu, ariko mwacungujwe amaraso y’igiciro kinini, nk’ay’umwagazi w’intama utagira agasembga cank’ibara, ni yo ya Kristo.”​—1 Petero 1:18, 19.

¹⁷ Nta gukeka ko umuvinyu w’inzabibu utukura ari wo Yezu yakoresheje igihe yatanguza Icibutso. Ariko rero, imivinyu itukura imwimwe yo muri iki gihe ntikwiye gukoreshwa kubera yuko usanga yashizwemwo ubugasari, canke yambijwe inzoga zikaze, canke ikaba yongewemwo utwatsi be n’ibindi bintu vyo kuyimotesha. Amaraso ya Yezu yari yikwiye, ntiyari akeneye kwongerwamwo ikindi kintu. Ku bw’ivyo, imivinyu nka porto, xérès [soma gizeresi] na vermouth [soma veremute] ntiyoba ibereye. Igikombe c’Icibutso gikwiye kuba kirimwo umuvinyu utukura, udasosa kandi ata bindi bintu vyongewemwo bituma ukara. Umuvinyu utukura waganiwe muhira, udasosa woshobora gukoreshwa, kimwe n’imivinyu nka Bourgogne [soma burugonye] na Bordeaux [soma Borodo].

18. Ni kubera iki Yezu atakoze igitangaro ku bijanye n’umukate be n’umuvinyu vy’Icibutso?

¹⁸ Igihe Yezu yatanguza izo mfungurwa, nta gitangaro yakoze co guhindura ibimenyetso ngo bicike umubiri nya mubiri wiwe n’amaraso nya maraso yiwe. Kurya umubiri w’umuntu no kunywa amaraso yiwe vyobaye ari ukuryana, ivyo na vyo kukaba kwari ukurenga kw’itegeko ry’Imana. (Itanguriro 9:3, 4; Abalewi 17:10) Ico gihe Yezu yagumanye umubiri w’inyama wiwe wose n’amaraso yiwe yose. Umubiri wiwe watanzweko ikimazi kitagira agasembwa, amaraso yiwe na yo araseswa bukeye ku muhingamo ukurikira wo kuri wa musi nyene w’Abayuda wo kw’igenekerezo rya 14 Nisani. Ku bw’ivyo rero, umukate n’umuvinyu bikoreshwa ku Cibutso ni ibimenyetso ubwavyo bigereranya umubiri be n’amaraso vya Kirisitu. *

Icibutso ni imfungurwa zisangirirwa hamwe

19. Ni kubera iki amasahani menshi be n’ibikombe vyinshi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe c’uguhimbaza Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba?

¹⁹ Igihe Yezu yatanguza Icibutso, yasavye  intumwa ziwe z’intahemuka kunywera ku gikombe kimwe. Injili ya Matayo ivuga iti: “[Yezu] yābira igikombe, agishimira Imana, arakibaha, ati Ni mukinywereko mwese.” (Matayo 26:27) Gukoresha ‘igikombe kimwe’ atiriwe arakoresha ibikombe vyinshi nta ngorane vyatera, kubera yuko ico gihe abantu 11 gusa bagira bakinywereko biboneka ko bari ku meza imwe, bakaba rero bari gushobora kugihanahana bitagoranye. Uwu mwaka, abantu amamiliyoni bazokoranira mu mashengero y’Ivyabona vya Yehova yo mw’isi yose arenga 94.000 kugira bahimbaze Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba. Kubera yuko abantu benshi cane bazoba bahuriye hamwe kugira bahimbaze Icibutso kuri iryo joro rimwe, kumbure igikombe kimwe conyene nticoshobora gukoreshwa ku bacitavye bose. Naho ari ukwo, ingingo ngenderwako y’ugukoresha igikombe kigereranya amaraso y’ukwitangako inkuka ya Yezu iba ikurikijwe no mu gihe amashengero maninimanini akoresheje ibikombe vyinshi kugira ngo bishobore gutemberezwa mu bitavye Icibutso mu mwanya ubereye. N’amasahani menshi arashobora gukoreshwa ku mukate. Nta kintu na kimwe mu Vyanditswe cerekana uburyo igikombe gikwiye kuba gihinguwe. Ariko rero, ico gikombe be n’isahani bikwiye kuba biberanye n’uwo musi. Vyoba biranga ubukerebutsi umuntu yirinze kwuzuza igikombe gushika aho umuvinyu woseseka mu gihe c’ukuwutembereza.

20, 21. Ni kubera iki dushobora kuvuga yuko Icibutso ari imfungurwa zisangirirwa hamwe?

²⁰ Naho amasahani y’umukate menshi be n’ibikombe vy’umuvinyu vyinshi bishobora gukoreshwa, Icibutso ni imfungurwa zisangirirwa hamwe. Muri Isirayeli ya kera, umuntu yarashobora gutanga imfungurwa zisangirirwa hamwe mu kuzana igitungwa kw’ihema ry’Imana, aho cabagirwa. Igihimba kimwe caco caraturirwa ku gicaniro, ikindi kigahabwa umuherezi yaba yacosheje ku gicaniro, uwundi muce ugahabwa abahungu ba Aroni bakora igikorwa c’ubuherezi, na nyene kugishikana be n’umuryango wiwe bararonkako kuri izo mfungurwa. (Abalewi 3:1-16; 7:28-36) Icibutso na co nyene ni imfungurwa z’ugufungurira hamwe kubera yuko harimwo gusangira.

²¹ Yehova na we nyene arajamwo muri izo mfungurwa zisangirirwa hamwe kubera yuko ari we yatanguje iyo ndinganizo. Yezu ni ikimazi, Abakirisu basizwe na bo baragira uruhara kuri ivyo bimenyetso mu kubifungurako. Gufungurira ku meza ya Yehova bisigura yuko abayifungurirako bafitaniye amahoro na we. Ku bw’ivyo, Paulo yanditse ati: “Igikombe c’umuhezagiro, ico duhezagira, mbega si kwo gusangira amaraso ya Kristo? Umutsima tumanyagura, si kwo gusangira umubiri wa Kristo? Nk’uk’uwo mutsima ar’umwe, twebge, naho turi benshi, tur’umubiri umwe: kuko twese dusangira umutsima umwe.”​—1 Ab’i Korinto 10:16, 17.

22. Ni ibibazo vyerekeye Icibutso ibihe dusigaje kurimbura?

²² Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba ni wo musi mukuru w’idini wonyene uhimbazwa ku mwaka ku mwaka mu Vyabona vya Yehova. Ivyo birabereye kubera yuko Yezu yategetse abayoboke biwe ati: “Murahora mugira murtya kugira ngo kibe icibutso canje.” Mu gihe c’Icibutso, twibuka urupfu rwa Yezu, rukaba ari urupfu rwemeje ubusegaba bwa Yehova. Nk’uko twabibonye, muri izo mfungurwa zisangirirwa hamwe, umukate usobanura umubiri wa Kirisitu watanzweko inkuka, umuvinyu na wo ugasigura amaraso yiwe yasesetse. Yamara, abantu bake cane ni bo bafungura ku mukate n’umuvinyu vy’ikimenyetso. Ni kubera iki ivyo ari ukwo biri? Icibutso coba kiri n’ico kivuze koko ku bantu amamiliyoni badafungura ku bimenyetso? Nkako, Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba zikwiye kuba zisigura iki kuri wewe?

[Akajambo k’epfo]

Wokwishura gute?

• Ni kubera iki Yezu yatanguje Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba?

• Icibutso gikwiye guhimbazwa kangahe?

• Umukate utambiwe ukoreshwa ku Cibutso usobanura iki?

• Umuvinyu ukoreshwa ku Cibutso ugereranya iki?

[Ibibazo vy’icigwa]

[Ifoto ku rup. 15]

Yezu yaratanguje Imfungurwa z’Umukama zo ku Mugoroba