Ibibazo vy’abasomyi

Mbega Ivyabona vya Yehova boba bemera imiti iyo ari yo yose ikozwe mu maraso?

Iyi nyishu ikurikira yasubiye gucapurwa ikuwe mu nomero y’Umunara w’Inderetsi yo ku 1 Mukakaro 2000.

Inyishu y’ishimikiro ni uko Ivyabona vya Yehova batemera guterwa amaraso. Turemera dushikamye yuko icagezwe c’Imana ku biraba amaraso kidashobora guhindurwa kugira ngo gihuze n’ivyiyumviro bihindagurika. Yamara rero, hari ibibazo bishasha bivyuka kubera yuko amaraso ubu ashobora gukurwamwo ibintu bine nyamukuru be n’ibice bivuye mu biyagize. Mu gufata ingingo niba yokwemera ibintu nk’ivyo, umukirisu ntakwiye kuraba gusa akamaro canke akaga vyo mu vy’ubuvuzi. Ikimuraje ishinga gikwiye kuba ico Bibiliya ivuga be n’ingaruka bishobora kugira ku bucuti afitaniye n’Imana Mushoboravyose.

Ibibazo nyamukuru biroroshe. Kugira ngo dufashwe kubona igituma ivyo ari ko biri, nimuze turimbure uko bimwebimwe vyagiye biragenda dukurikije Bibiliya, kahise n’ubuvuzi.

Yehova Imana yabwiye sogokuruza dusangiye twese Nowa yuko amaraso ategerezwa gufatwa nk’ikintu kidasanzwe (Itanguriro 9:3, 4). Mu nyuma, ivyagezwe Imana yahaye Isirayeli vyaraserukamwo ubweranda bw’amaraso. Vyagira biti: “Kand’umuntu wese wo mu nzu ya Isirayeli, canke wo mu banyamahanga . . . azokwigera ageza ubuseri mu kanwa, nzohoza igitsure canje kur’uwo muntu yariye ubuseri”. Ateye akagere ivyagezwe vy’Imana, Umwisirayeli yoshoboye kwandukiza abandi, ari co gituma Imana yongeyeko iti: “N[zo]murandur[a] mu bgoko bgabo” (Abalewi 17:10). Mu nyuma, mw’ikoraniro ryabereye i Yeruzalemu, intumwa be n’abakurambere barasohoye itegeko ry’uko dutegerezwa ‘kwirinda amaraso’. Kubigira bihambaye cokimwe no kwirinda ubuhumbu n’ugusenga ibigirwamana.—Ivyakozwe 15:28, 29.

‘Kwirinda’ vyoba vyasobanura iki ico gihe? Abakirisu ntibarya amaraso, yaba ayagishushe canke ayamaze kuvura; eka kandi ntibarya inyama zivuye ku gikoko kitakuwemwo amaraso. Ivyo batoriye kandi vyobaye ibifungurwa vyongewemwo amaraso, nk’amasosisi akozwe mu maraso. Kwihereza amaraso mu buryo na bumwe muri ubwo kwoba ari ukurenga itegeko ry’Imana.—1 Samweli 14:32, 33.

Abantu benshi bo mu bihe vya kera ntibahagarika umutima ku vyerekeye kwihereza amaraso, nk’uko dushobora kubibonera mu vyanditswe na Terituliyano (wo mu kinjana ca kabiri n’ica gatatu G.C.). Igihe yariko arishura ku birego vy’ibinyoma vy’uko abakirisu barya amaraso, Terituliyano yavuze ivy’amoko yashira ibikumu ku masezerano mu guhonja ku maraso. Yavuze kandi yuko “igihe haba herekanywe ibikino mu kibuga c’inkino, [abantu bamwebamwe] banyotewe cane baranugubira amaraso agishushe y’abagirizwa ikibi . . . ngo ni umuti w’intandara barwaye”.

Izo ngeso (naho Abaroma bamwebamwe bazigira ku bw’imvo z’ivy’amagara) zari mbi ku bakirisu. Terituliyano yanditse ati: “Ntidushira n’amaraso y’ibikoko mu bifungurwa dusanzwe dufungura”. Abaroma bakoresha ibifungurwa birimwo amaraso bwa kigeragezo c’ukutadohoka kw’abakirisu nyakuri. Terituliyano yongeyeko ati: “Ubu, ndababajije, bimeze bite kubona naho mwizigira neza [ko abakirisu] bazotera akagere n’ishishi amaraso y’ibikoko, muvuga yuko bahahamira amaraso y’abantu?”.

Muri iki gihe, abantu bake ni bo bokwibaza yuko amategeko y’Imana Mushoboravyose aba yerekewe igihe umuganga abagiriye inama yo gufata amaraso. Naho Ivyabona vya Yehova ata nkeka bashaka kuguma babaho, dutegerezwa kugamburuka itegeko rya Yehova ku biraba amaraso. Ivyo bisobanura iki dufatiye ku bintu bikorwa muri iki gihe mu buvuzi?

Kubera ko ivy’ugutera amaraso uko yakabaye vyakwiye hose inyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’isi yose, Ivyabona vya Yehova babonye yuko ivyo vyari biteye kubiri n’icagezwe c’Imana—kandi turacavyemera. Yamara rero, uko igihe cagiye kirarengana ubuvuzi bwarahindutse. Muri iki gihe, abantu benshi ntibaterwa amaraso uko yakabaye mugabo baterwa kimwe mu bintu nyamukuru biyagize: (1) utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura; (2) utugingo ngengabuzima twera; (3) utugingo bita plaquettes (4) ivyitwa plasma (serumu), ari co gice c’amazimazi. Bivuye ku kuntu umurwayi amerewe, abaganga boshobora kumwandikira utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura, utwera, vya bindi bita plaquettes,  canke ya mazimazi plasma. Gutera abantu ivyo bintu nyamukuru bigize amaraso bituma agatu kamwe k’amaraso kagabanganywa ku barwayi benshi. Ivyabona vya Yehova bemera yuko kwakira amaraso uko yakabaye canke kimwe muri ivyo bintu bine nyamukuru bigize amaraso ari ukurenga icagezwe c’Imana. Vyagaragaye yuko kuguma bakurikiza iyo mpagararo ishingiye kuri Bibiliya vyabakingiye ingeramizi nyinshi, harimwo n’indwara nk’iy’igitigu be na SIDA zishobora kwandukira biciye mu maraso.

Ariko rero, kubera ko amaraso ashobora guhingurwa agakurwamwo ibindi atari gusa ivyo bintu nyamukuru biyagize, ibibazo biravyuka ku vyerekeye ibice biva kuri ivyo bintu nyamukuru bigize amaraso. Ivyo bice bikoreshwa gute, kandi umukirisu akwiye kurimbura iki igihe afata ingingo ku bivyerekeye?

Amaraso ni urusobangane. Eka na ca gice bita plasma—ikigizwe n’ibice 90 kw’ijana vy’amazi—gitwara ibintu vyinshi birimwo udukabuzi bita hormones, ibintu vy’umunyu, indemamubiri bita enzymes, be n’ingaburo, harimwo n’ivyunyunyu be n’isukari. Ico gice kirimwo izindi ndemamubiri nk’izitwa albumine, ibintu bituma amaraso avura be n’abasoda b’umubiri bo kurwanya indwara. Abahinga baratanya bakongera bagakoresha indemamubiri nyinshi zo muri ayo mazimazi plasma. Nk’akarorero, ikintu gituma amaraso avura (facteur VIII) carahawe abarwaye indwara ituma amaraso atavura (hémophilies), bakarirwa no kuva amaraso. Canke igihe umuntu akarirwa n’indwara zinaka, abaganga barashobora kumwandikira guterwa indemamubiri bita gammaglobulines zikurwa muri plasma y’amaraso y’abantu basanzwe barakingiwe. Izindi ndemamubiri zo muri ico gice zirakoreshwa mu buvuzi, mugabo ivyo duhejeje kuvuga haruguru birerekana ukuntu kimwe mu bice nyamukuru bigize amaraso (plasma) gishobora guhingurwa kugira ngo kivemwo ibindi bice *.

Nka kurya kwa ca gice c’amaraso plasma gishobora kuba isoko ry’ibice bitandukanye, ibindi bintu nyamukuru bigize amaraso (utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura, utwera, bimwe bita plaquettes) birashobora guhingurwa kugira bikurwemwo uduhimba dutoduto kuruta. Nk’akarorero, utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura dushobora kuba isoko ry’ivyo bita intérferons na interleukines, bikoreshwa mu kuvura ubwandure buterwa n’imigera, canke mu kuvura kanseri. Ivyo bita plaquettes birashobora guhingurwa kugira ngo bikurwemwo ibintu bivura ibiguma. Kandi iyindi miti iriko iratorwa irimwo (n’imiburiburi mu ntango) ibintu bikuwe mu bigize amaraso. Imiti nk’iyo si ugutera umuntu vya bice nyamukuru bigize amaraso; kenshi na kenshi iba irimwo ibihimba canke ibice vyavyo. Umukirisu yoba akwiye kwemera ivyo bice mu gihe c’ukuvurwa? Ntidushobora kugira ico tuvuze. Bibiliya ntishikiriza ibintu ido n’ido, ari co gituma umukirisu ategerezwa kwifatira ingingo yitonze imbere y’Imana.

Bamwebamwe boshobora guhakana ikintu cose kiva ku maraso (eka mbere n’ibice bigenewe gukingira umuntu igihe gito). Ukwo ni ko batahura ibwirizwa ry’Imana ryo ‘kwirinda amaraso’. Bemeza yuko itegeko yahaye Isirayeli ryasaba yuko amaraso akuwe mu kiremwa ‘arekwa agaseseka hasi’ (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 12:22-24). Ni kuki ivyo bijanye n’ibi? Ehe raba, mu gutegura ivyitwa gammaglobulines, ibintu bishingiye ku maraso bituma ashobora kuvura be n’ibindi, bisaba yuko amaraso akorakoranywa maze agahingurwa. Ni co gituma abakirisu bamwebamwe baterekwa imiti nk’iyo, nk’uko nyene baterekwa ivy’uguterwa amaraso uko yakabaye canke vya bintu nyamukuru bine biyagize. Impagararo yabo itarimwo uburyarya kandi ivuye ku mutima ikwiye kwubahirizwa.

Abandi bakirisu bafata ingingo itandukanye n’iyo. Na bo nyene baranka guterwa amaraso uko yakabaye, utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura, utwera, ivyo bita plaquettes, canke ivyo bita plasma. Yamara rero, barashobora kwemerera umuganga kubavura akoresheje igice cakuwe muri vya bintu nyamukuru bine bigize amaraso. No muri iki gihe, harashobora kuba ivyo batandukanirako. Umukirisu umwe arashobora kwemera guterwa indemamubiri yitwa gammaglobulines, mugabo agashobora kwemera canke ntiyemere guterwa umuti urimwo ikintu cakuwe mu tugingo ngengabuzima dutukura canke mu twera. Ariko rero, muri rusangi ni ikintu ikihe gishobora gutuma abakirisu bamwebamwe bashika ku ciyumviro c’uko bashobora kwemera ibice bikurwa mu maraso?

Ikiganiro “Ibibazo vy’abasomyi” co mu Munara w’Inderetsi (mu gifaransa) wo ku wa 1 Ruheshi 1990, cavuze yuko indemamubiri ziva mu gice bita plasma (uduce twayo) ziva mu maraso y’umukenyezi yibungenze zikaja mu maraso y’umusoro wiwe. Gutyo umuvyeyi araha umwana wiwe ivyo bita  immunoglobulines, bitanga abasoda b’umubiri b’ingirakamaro. Mu buryo butandukanye, uko utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umusoro duheza igihe catwo co kubaho, uduhimba twayo dutwara umwuka bita oxygène turahingurwa. Tumwe muri two ducika ivyo bita bilirubine, ibijabuka ingovyi bigashika mu muvyeyi, maze bigasohokana n’imyanda yo mu mubiri wiwe. Abakirisu bamwebamwe barashobora gushika ku ciyumviro c’uko kubera ko ibice bigize amaraso bishobora kuja mu wundi muntu muri ubwo buryo busanzwe, bashobora kwemera igice kigize amaraso gikuwe muri vya bindi vyitwa plasma canke mu tugingo ngengabuzima twayo.

Ivy’uko ivyiyumviro n’ingingo zifatwa zitondewe bishobora kuba bitandukanye, vyoba bisobanura yuko ico kibazo kidahambaye? Oyaye. Kirahambaye cane. Yamara hariho ikintu coroshe c’ishimikiro. Ibihejeje kuvugwa vyerekana yuko Ivyabona vya Yehova banka ivy’uguterwa amaraso uko yakabaye be n’ibintu nyamukuru biyagize. Bibiliya isaba abakirisu ‘kwirinda ibintu vyaterekerewe ibigirwamana n’amaraso be n’ubusambanyi’ (Ivyakozwe 15:29). Turetse ivyo, ku biraba ibice vy’ico ari co cose mu bintu nyamukuru bigize amaraso, umukirisu wese amaze kuzirikana yitonze kandi mw’isengesho, ategerezwa kwifatira ingingo yitondewe.

Hari abantu benshi bokwemera n’umutima ukunze imiti iyo ari yo yose isa n’iyigira akamaro ubwo nyene, naho uwo muti woba uzwi ko wogeramira amagara, nk’uko bimeze ku miti ishingiye ku maraso. Umukirisu w’inziraburyarya arihatira kubona kure, no kugira uburimbane mu bintu bitari ivy’umubiri gusa. Ivyabona vya Yehova barakenguruka utwigoro tugirwa kugira ngo babungabungwe neza mu vy’ubuvuzi, kandi barashira ku munzane ingeramizi canke akamaro k’uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bw’ukuvurwa. Ariko rero, ku biraba ivy’imiti iva mu maraso, barashira ku munzane bitonze ico Imana ivuga be n’ubucuti ubwabo bafitaniye n’Umutangabuzima wacu.—Zaburi 36:9.

Ese ukuntu ari umuhezagiro ku mukirisu afise icizigiro nk’ico nk’uko umwanditsi wa Zaburi yavyanditse ati: “Uhoraho Imana [n]i izuba, [n]i inkinzo; Uhoraho azotanga ubuntu n’icubahiro: ntazogira iciza na kimwe yima abagenda batunganye. Uhoraho . . . , hahirwa umuntu akwizigira”.—Zaburi 84:11, 12.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 31]

IBIBAZO TUGIRIWE INAMA KUBAZA UMUVUZI

Ugiye kubagwa canke kuvurwa mu buryo bwosaba umuti urimwo amaraso, nubaze uti:

Mbega abantu bose bakora kwa muganga boba bazi ko kubera ndi Icabona ca Yehova, nsaba yuko uko vyogenda kwose batontera amaraso (yaba yose uko yakabaye, utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura, utwera, ivyo bita plaquettes, canke plasma y’amaraso)?

Mu gihe umuti uwo ari wo wose wokwandikirwa ushobora kuba ugizwe n’ibintu vyo mu maraso bita plasma, utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura canke utwera, cabure ivyitwa “plaquettes”, nubaze uti:

Uwo muti woba wakozwe muri kimwe mu bintu nyamukuru bigize amaraso? Niba ari ukwo, woshobora gusigura ibiwugize?

Hashobora gutangwa uwo muti uva mu maraso ku rugero rungana iki, kandi mu buhe buryo?

Niba ijwi ryanje ryo mu mutima rinyemereye kwemera ico gice, ni ingeramizi izihe zo mu vy’ubuvuzi zirimwo?

Niba ijwi ryanje ryo mu mutima rinsunitse kwanka ico gice, ni uwundi muti uwuhe ushobora gukoreshwa?

Ninamara gusubira kurimbura ico kibazo, ni ryari nshobora kukumenyesha ingingo nafashe?