Woba wari ubizi?

Vyoba vyarashitse Yeruzalemu igakikuzwa n’ibisonga nk’uko Yezu yari yarabivuze?

Mu buhanuzi Yezu yavuze bwerekeye ugusangangurwa kwa Yeruzalemu, yavuze ku bijanye n’ico gisagara ati: “Imisi izoza kuri wewe aho abansi bawe bazokwubaka hirya no hino yawe igihome c’ibisonga, kandi bazogukikuza bagusugereze impande zose.” (Luka 19:43) Ayo majambo Yezu yavuze yarangutse mu mwaka wa 70 G.C. igihe Abaroma, abari bayobowe na Titusi, bubaka igihome canke uruzitiro rwo gusugereza ico gisagara kugira ngo bacugarize. Titusi yari afise intumbero irimwo zitatu: kubuza Abayuda ngo ntibahunge, kubahimiriza ngo bishikane be no kubicisha inzara kugira bemere kuganzwa.

Nk’uko umutohozakahise wo mu kinjana ca mbere yitwa Flavius Josèphe abivuga, ingingo yo kwubaka urwo ruzitiro imaze gufatwa, imigwi itandukanye mininiminini be na mitomito y’ingabo z’Abaroma yarahiganywe ngo irabe uwoba uwa mbere mu guheraheza kwubaka igice c’urwo ruzitiro wari wahawe. Izo ngabo zariciye ibiti vyari bikikuje ico gisagara gushika nko ku bilometero 16, maze urwo ruzitiro, urwareha n’ibilometero indwi, ruba rurarangiye mu misi itatu gusa. Nk’uko Josèphe abivuga, ivyo vyatumye “icizigiro cose Abayuda bari bafise co gushobora guhunga gihera.” Kubera yuko ico gisagara caciye kirangwamwo amapfa be n’ubwicanyi bwagirwa hagati y’imigwi yitwaje ibirwanisho yo muri co, haciye amezi nk’atanu gusa carigaruriwe n’abari bacugarije.

Umwami Hezekiya yoba vy’ukuri yarubakishije umugende muri Yeruzalemu?

Hezekiya yabaye umwami w’Ubuyuda mu mpera z’ikinjana c’umunani B.G.C., ico gihe akaba yari ahanganye n’inganji ikomeye y’Abashuri. Bibiliya itubwira yuko yakoze aratama kugira ngo akingire Yeruzalemu yongere azigame amazi yaho. Mu vyo yakoze harimwo ukwubaka umugende canke umuhora wareha n’imetero 533, kugira ngo azane mu gisagara amazi yo mw’isôko.​—2 Abami 20:20; 2 Ngoma 32:1-7, 30.

Mu kinjana ca 19 uwo mugende ni ho wuburwa. Wahavuye witwa umugende wa Hezekiya, canke umugende Silowamu. Hagati muri uwo mugende bahasanze icandiko cadondora ukuntu ibikorwa vya nyuma vyo kuwimba vyagenze. Ukuntu indome zigize ico candiko zari zimeze vyatumye incabwenge nyinshi zibona ko cari ico mu gihe ca Hezekiya. Ariko rero nk’imyaka cumi imbere y’aho, hari abari batanze iciyumviro c’uko uwo mugende wubatswe nk’imyaka 500 inyuma y’igihe ca Hezekiya. Mu 2003, hari umugwi w’abanyasiyansi bo muri Isirayeli basohoye ivyavuye mu bushakashatsi bagize bwari bufise intumbero yo gutora igenekerezo ryo kwizigirwa ku bijanye n’uwo mugende. None ni iciyumviro ikihe bashitseko?

Dogoteri Amos Frumkin akora kuri kaminuza imwe y’i Yeruzalemu (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), avuga ati: “Ibipimo twagize dukoresheje icitwa carbone 14 ku bintu vyaboze twasanze mw’isima y’uwo mugende Silowamu be n’ubuhinga bwo gutora igenekerezo ry’ibintu hakoreshejwe ivyitwa uranium-thorium twagize ku bintu bigumaraye vyari bimase ku gisenge c’uwo mugende (vyitwa stalactites), ivyo vyose bidushikana ku ciyumviro c’uko ari uwo mu kiringo ca Hezekiya.” Hari ikiganiro co mu kinyamakuru kimwe kivuga ivya siyansi citwa Nature congerako kiti: “Ibimenyamenya bitandukanye biri uburyo butatu, ni ukuvuga ukugenekereza ibihe hakoreshejwe imishwarara (radiochronologie), ugusuzuma ivyandikano vya kera (palaeographie) be n’inkuru za kahise, vyose birahuriza ku mwaka w’amaja mu 700 B.G.C., bikerekana ko umugende Silowamu ari co kintu co muri Bibiliya gushika ubu bizwi neza ko cakozwe igihe abantu bakoresha ivyuma mu kwubaka.”