Ubuzima bwo mu bihe vya Bibiliya​​—Amahera

“Yicara aho abona udusandugu two mw’ishikaniro, atangura kwihweza ingene nya sinzi ritiburira amahera muri nya dusandugu; kandi abatunzi benshi bariko batererayo ibiceri vyinshi. Buno haza umupfakazi w’umworo atiburirayo uduceri tubiri dufise agaciro gatoyi cane.”​—MARIKO 12:41, 42.

KENSHI Bibiliya iravuga ibijanye n’amahera. Nk’akarorero, nk’uko tubibona mu nkuru zo mu Njili, Yezu yarakoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibiceri mu kwigisha ingingo ngenderwako zihambaye. Yaratanze icigwa afatiye ku “duceri tubiri” twatanzwe n’umupfakazi yavuzwe mu canditswe casubiwemwo aho haruguru. Ikindi gihe, yarerekeje ku bwoko bw’ibiceri bwitwa idenariyo mu gufasha abayoboke biwe gutahura ukuntu bakwiye kubona abakuru mu vy’intwaro. *​—Matayo 22:17-21.

Kubera iki amahera yatanguye gukorwa? Yakorwa gute mu bihe vya Bibiliya? Yakoreshwa gute? Kandi Bibiliya itwigisha iki ku bijanye n’ukuntu dukwiye kuyabona?

Baheba ivy’ugukaba bagakoresha ubutare bw’agaciro

Imbere y’uko amahera atangura gukorwa, abantu bagira urudandaza bakoresheje ivyo gukaba. Umuntu atanze ikintu canke agakora igikorwa kanaka, baca bamuha ikintu kinganya agaciro n’ivyo yatanze canke yakoze. Ariko ivy’ugukaba vyarashobora kutorohereza umuntu. Kugira ngo ivyo gukaba bishoboke, umwe wese mu bakaba yabwirizwa kuba yipfuza ico mugenziwe afise. Vyongeye, abadandaza bategerezwa kwikorera canke kwitwararika ibintu biremereye kandi bigoye itwara, nk’ibitungwa canke imipfuko y’intete.

Mu nyuma abadandaza barabonye ko bakeneye uburyo bworoshe bari gushobora gukoresha mu kugura no mu kugurisha. Babonye ko bokoresha ubutare bw’agaciro nk’inzahabu, ifeza n’umujumpu. Kw’ifoto iri aho hepfo, urahabona umudandaza ariko aratanga ibipande vy’ubutare be n’ibisharizo vyo kwambara bikoze mu butare bw’agaciro kugira agure ibintu canke kugira bamukorere igikorwa yipfuza. Ubwo butare barabupima bitonze ku minzane ipima neza cane imbere y’uko babukaba n’ibindi bintu. Nk’akarorero, igihe Aburahamu  yagura ikibanza co guhambamwo umukenyezi wiwe yikundira Sara, yarapimye urugero rw’ifeza yasabwa.​—Itanguriro 23:14-16.

Igihe Yehova yaha Isirayeli rya Tegeko ryanditse, abadandaza b’abanyamwina barakoresha iminzane ibesha canke amabuye y’umunzane adakwiye mu kwiba abaguzi. Kubera ko Yehova Imana yanka ubugunge, yabwiye abadandaza b’Abisirayeli ati: “Mukwiye kugira iminzane itabesha, amabuye y’umunzane atabesha.” (Abalewi 19:36; Imigani 11:1) Muri iki gihe, abantu bagurisha ibintu vyoba vyiza bibutse ko ukuntu Yehova abona umwina n’ubugunge kutahindutse.​—Malaki 3:6; 1 Abakorinto 6:9, 10.

Ukuntu ibiceri vyatanguye gukorwa

Ibiceri vya mbere bishobora kuba vyakorewe i Lidiya (ubu hakaba hitwa Turukiya), imbere y’umwaka wa 700 B.G.C. (B.G.C. bisobanura imbere y’igihe cacu). Abakora ivy’ubutare mu bihugu bitandukanye ntibatevye gutangura kuza barakora ibiceri ku bwinshi, maze abantu bo hirya no hino mu bihugu bivugwa muri Bibiliya batangura kubikoresha.

Uti none ibiceri vyakorwa gute? Nyene kubikora yarakura mw’itanure ubutare bwashongeshejwe (1) agaca abusuka mw’iforoma yimburuye, hakavamwo ibiceri bitagirako ikimenyetso na kimwe (2). Yaca yinjiza nya biceri hagati y’ivyuma bikorogoshoyeko ibimenyetso canke amashusho (3). Ubukurikira, yaca azana inyundo agahonda kugira ngo ashire ivyo bimenyetso n’ayo mashusho kuri vya biceri (4). Kuba bakora banyarutsa, kenshi vyatuma nya bimenyetso bitaja hagati na hagati ku biceri. Bene gukora ibiceri barabitandukanya, bakabipima kugira biyemeze ko binganya agaciro, maze igihe bikenewe bagakurako ubutare burengako (5).

Abakaba amahera, abatozakori n’abanyebanki

Mu kinjana ca mbere G.C. (G.C. bisobanura mu Gihe Cacu), ibiceri bivuye mu bihugu bitandukanye vyaraza i Palestina. Nk’akarorero, abafata urugendo bakaza ku rusengero rw’i Yeruzalemu baza bazanye ibiceri vyo mu mahanga. Ariko rero, abakorera ku rusengero bemera ikori ry’urusengero igihe gusa ryaba ririshwe hakoreshejwe ubwoko bunaka bw’ibiceri. Abakaba amahera, ni ukuvuga abayavunja, bahavuye bakorera mu rusengero kandi kenshi uwuzanye ibiceri vyo mu mahanga kugira ngo bamuhe ibiceri vyemewe ku rusengero bamusaba amahera arenze. Yezu yariyamirije abo bantu b’abanyamwina. Uti kubera iki? Kubera ko bahindura inzu ya Yehova bakayigira “inzu y’urudandaza” n’“isenga ry’abambuzi.”​—Yohani 2:13-16; Matayo 21:12, 13.

 Abanyagihugu b’i Palestina bategerezwa kuriha ayandi makori y’ubwoko butandukanye. Rimwe ryari rya “kori ry’umutwe” abarwanya Yezu bamubazako ikibazo. (Matayo 22:17) Hariho n’ikori ry’inzira hamwe n’amakori bariha mu kwinjiza ibidandazwa mu gihugu canke mu kubisohora. Abatozakori ba Leta muri Palestina bari bazwi ko ari ingunge, kandi abantu barabakengera. (Mariko 2:16) Abatozakori barirundaniriza amatungo mu kurihisha amakori arenze maze ayarenzeko bagaca bakubita ku w’inyuma. Ariko rero, abatozakori bamwebamwe, nka Zakayo, baremeye ubutumwa bwa Yezu maze baraheba ubugunge. (Luka 19:1-10) Muri iki gihe, umuntu wese ashaka gukurikira Kristu ategerezwa kandi kuba inzirabugunge muri vyose, harimwo n’ivyerekeye urudandazwa.​—Abaheburayo 13:18.

Abandi bantu bakora mu vy’amahera bari abanyebanki. Turetse ko bakaba amahera yo mu mahanga, baratunganya uburyo bwo kubika amahera, bagatanga ingurane kandi bagaha inyungu ababa babikishije amahera muri banki. Yezu yaravuze abo banyebanki mu kigereranyo cerekeye abashumba bari bahawe ibitigiri bitandukanye vy’amahera kugira ngo bayakoreshe urudandaza.​—Matayo 25:26, 27.

Kubona amahera mu buryo bwiza

Mu bihugu nka vyose muri iki gihe, abantu bategerezwa kuronka amahera kugira bagure ivyo bakeneye. Amajambo Imana yahumekeye Umwami Salomo ngo yandike, hakaba haheze ibinjana bitari bike, aracari ay’ukuri. Agira ati: “Amahera a[ra]kingira umuntu.” Ariko Salomo yaravuze kandi ko ubukerebutsi buhambaye kurusha amahera kuko “buzigamira ubuzima benebwo.” (Umusiguzi 7:12) Ubwo bukerebutsi tubusanga muri Bibiliya.

Yezu yarafashije abayoboke biwe kubona amahera mu buryo bubereye, igihe yavuga ati: “No mu gihe umuntu afise umurengera, ubuzima bwiwe ntibuva ku bintu atunze.” (Luka 12:15) Cokimwe n’abigishwa ba Yezu bo mu kinjana ca mbere, tuba tugaragaje ubukerebutsi iyo dukoresheje amahera mu buryo bwiza kandi buzira ubugunge, tukirinda no kuyakunda.​—1 Timoteyo 6:9, 10.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Uruzitiro/Ifoto ku rup. 26]

 Amakuru amwamwe ajanye n’ibiceri

● Kimwe mu biceri bitoyi cane vyakoreshwa mu kinjana ca mbere muri Palestina ni icitwa leputoni y’umujumpu, kikitwa kandi isenge. Umucangero yahembwa leputoni zibiri akoze iminuta 15 gusa. Birashoboka ko wa mupfakazi yatiburiye mw’isandugu yo mw’ishikaniro leputoni zibiri.​—Mariko 12:42.

● Idarakima y’ifeza cari igiceri c’Abagiriki, umucangero akaba yakora hafi umusi wose kugira akironke. (Luka 15:8, 9) Umugabo w’Umuyuda wese yariha buri mwaka ikori ry’urusengero ry’idarakima zibiri.​—Matayo 17:24.

● Idenariyo y’ifeza cari igiceri c’Abaroma cariko ishusho ya Sezari, bikaba rero vyari bibereye ko gikoreshwa bwa giceri c’“ikibuguro” casabwa Umuyuda wese w’igitsina-gabo akuze mu gihe c’intwaro y’Abaroma. (Abaroma 13:7) Umukoresha yahemba umucangero idenariyo imwe yakoze amasaha 12.​—Matayo 20:2-14.

● Shekeli y’ifeza itavanze yakorerwa mu gisagara c’i Tiro yarakoreshwa muri Palestina igihe Yezu yari kw’isi. Vya ‘biceri vy’ifeza’ 30 abakuru b’abaherezi bariha Yuda Isikariyoti kugira agabure Yezu, bishobora kuba vyari shekeli z’i Tiro.​—Matayo 26:14-16.

Ivyo biceri ni ko bisanzwe bingana