Amabara n’ibitambara mu bihe vya Bibiliya

AKATARI gake, Bibiliya iravuga ibijanye n’ukuntu ababayeho mu binjana vya kera bambara, amabara y’impuzu bambara be n’ibitambara zaba zikozwemwo.

Ego ni ko, Bibiliya si igitabu c’imideri. Ariko amakuru mwene ayo itanga atuma uwuyasoma abona neza mu bwenge inkuru iba iriko irigana.

Nk’akarorero, Bibiliya iravuga ivyambarwa Adamu na Eva badandikanije mu guterateranya amababi y’umusukoni kugira bapfuke ubwambure bwabo. Ariko vyahavuye bisubirizwa “impuzu ndende z’urushato” ziramba kuruta Imana yabahaye.​—Itanguriro 3:7, 21.

N’ikindi kandi, inkuru z’ido n’ido zo muri Kuvayo ikigabane ca 28 n’ica 39 ziradondora ivyambarwa vy’umuherezi mukuru wo muri Isirayeli ya kera. Ivyo vyambarwa vyari bigizwe n’impuzu yo munsi y’ilino, ikanzu yera, igikenyezo c’ikijishano, umwitero utagira amaboko w’ubururu, efodi be n’akambarwa ko ku gikiriza bideshe, tutibagiye igitambara co mu mutwe hamwe na ka kabate kaco gaca ibibatsi k’inzahabu. Gusoma gusa ukuntu Bibiliya idondora uburyo ibikoresho vyinshi vy’agaciro vyashizwe hamwe kugira bivemwo ivyo vyambarwa birahagije kugira ngo ubone ingene ivyo vyambarwa bitegerezwa kuba vyari ivy’agatangaza.​—Kuvayo 39:1-5, 22-29.

Ivyambarwa vy’umuhanuzi Eliya vyari bimeze ukwavyo ku buryo udondoye uko aboneka ukavuga uti: “Umugabo afise impuzu y’ubwoya, akenyeye umukaba w’urushato mu kiyunguyungu,” abantu baca ubwo nyene bamenya uwo ari we. Haciye imyaka amajana, hari abantu biyumviriye ko Yohani Umubatizi yari Eliya, ku ruhande rumwe bikaba kumbure vyatumwa n’uko ivyambarwa vyiwe vyasa n’ivya Eliya.​—2 Abami 1:8; Matayo 3:4; Yohani 1:21.

Ibitambara n’amabara Muri Bibiliya hari ahantu henshi havuga ivyo bakoresha mu guhingura ivyambarwa,  amabara yavyo, ivyo bakoresha mu kubiha amabara, ingene bahinga inyuzi, ingene bajisha n’ingene bashona. * Ibitambara nyamukuru bivugwa vyari ivyo mu bwoya bw’ibitungwa no mw’ilino yava ku giterwa barima. Abeli yitwa “umwungere w’intama.” (Itanguriro 4:2) Bibiliya ntivuga nimba Abeli yorora intama kugira azironkeko ubwoya. Ahantu ha mbere Bibiliya ivuga ivy’ilino nziza ni ku bijanye na za mpuzu Farawo yambika Yozefu mu kinjana ca 18 B.G.C. (B.G.C. bisobanura “imbere y’igihe cacu”), nk’uko bivugwa mw’​Itanguriro 41:42. Bisa n’uko Bibiliya itavuga ko ipampa ryakoreshwa mu guhingura impuzu z’Abayuda, mugabo ryamye rikoreshwa kuva kera cane mu Karere k’ibihugu vy’Abarabu.

Ilino n’ubwoya bw’ibitungwa vyavamwo utunyuzinyuzi twiza twahingirwa hamwe tukavamwo inyuzi z’intimbatimba zitandukanye. Izo nyuzi zaca zijishwamwo ibitambara. Inyuzi n’ibitambara bijishwe vyahabwa amabara menshi atandukanye. Nya bitambara baca babikata ku buryo bikwira abavyambara. Ivyambarwa akenshi barabishariza mu kubidesako bakoresheje inyuzi z’amabara  atandukanye kugira birushirize gusa neza no kugira agaciro.​—Abacamanza 5:30.

Ibara ry’ubururu, iry’umuyugubwe n’iry’umutukutuku rihinze arakunda kuvugwa muri Bibiliya ko yakoreshwa mu guha amabara ibitambara. Abisirayeli bategetswe gushira “akagozi k’ubururu hejuru y’umubari w’ubuyonga” w’impuzu zabo ngo vyame bibibutsa ubucuti budasanzwe bari bafitaniye n’Imana yabo Yehova. (Guharūra 15:38-40) Amajambo y’igiheburayo tekheʹleth, iryo rikaba ari rimwe mu mabara y’ubururu, na ‘ar·ga·manʹ, irikunze guhindurwa ngo “umuyugubwe,” ni amabara avugwa ku bijanye n’ivyambarwa vy’umuherezi mukuru be n’ibindi bintu vyo gushariza vyari mw’itaberenakulo no mu rusengero.

Ibikoresho vy’itaberenakulo n’urusengero Ya taberenakulo yo mu bugaragwa be na rwa rusengero rw’i Yeruzalemu rwahavuye ruyisubirira ni vyo bibanza nyamukuru Abisirayeli basengeramwo. Ntibitangaje rero kubona haratanzwe amakuru menshi y’ido n’ido muri Bibiliya ajanye n’ukuntu itaberenakulo n’urusengero rwa Salomo vyabwirizwa gutegurwa no kuronswa ivya ngombwa. Turetse amakuru ajanye n’ibitambara be n’amabara, haratangwa kandi amakuru y’ido n’ido y’ukuntu ibipfukisho vy’ihema be n’amarido vyari bijishwe, amabara vyahawe, ukuntu vyari bishonywe be n’ukuntu vyari bideshwe.

Bayobowe n’impwemu y’Imana, abahinguzi b’utugenegene bakanongoreye Bezaleli na Oholiyabu be n’abandi bagabo n’abagore barashikije neza igikorwa kidasanzwe bari bashinzwe, barahingura ihema ry’ihuriro ribereye ugusenga Yehova. (Kuvayo 35:30-35) Muri Kuvayo ikigabane ca 26 haravuga ido n’ido ibikoresho vyokoreshejwe mu gukora ibihimba vyose vy’itaberenakulo be n’ingene vyokozwe. Nk’akarorero, ibitambara vyayo vyagutse kandi vy’amabara menshi vyajishwe mw’“ilino nziza ihinzwe be n’inyuzi z’ubururu n’ubwoya buzize ibara ry’agahama n’igitambara c’ibara ry’agahama.” Vyinshi muri ivyo bikoresho bishobora kuba vyakuwe mu Misiri igihe Abisirayeli bavayo. Haritwararitswe bimwe bidasanzwe ya rido y’intimba nini y’amabara y’indobeke yari ideshweko amashusho y’abakerubi, ikaba ari na yo yagabura “Aheranda n’Aheranda Rwose” imbere mw’itaberenakulo. (Kuvayo 26:1, 31-33) Amakuru y’ido n’ido nk’ayo nyene yarasubiye guhabwa abakoze mu vy’ibitambara vya rwa rusengero rw’i Yeruzalemu bihagarikiwe n’Umwami Salomo.​—2 Ngoma 2:1, 7.

 Amakuru y’ido n’ido yazigamwe muri Bibiliya aratwereka ko Abaheburayo ba kera bagaragaza ubukerebutsi bwinshi n’ubuhanga bwinshi mu gukoresha ibikoresho vyariho ico gihe. Turabona yuko batari abantu bagwa bavyuka kugira baronke gusa ikibatunga batitaho ukuntu bambara canke ivyo bambara, ariko ko bari abantu bakunda imideri itandukanye y’amabara aryoheye ijisho, iberanye n’ibiringo bitandukanye kandi ihuje n’ibihe vy’umwaka be n’uburyo bw’umuryango.

Bibiliya iratubwira yuko Abisirayeli bahawe igihugu ciza, “igihugu gitemba amata n’ubuki,” ngo bakibemwo. (Kuvayo 3:8; Gusubira mu vyagezwe 26:9, 15) Uko babandanya gusenga Yehova, yarabahezagira. Barabaho neza, baryohewe kandi bahimbawe. Nk’akarorero, Bibiliya itubwira iti: “Yuda na Isirayeli bibandanya kwiberaho mu mutekano, umuntu wese munsi y’umuzabibu wiwe no munsi y’igiti c’umusukoni ciwe, kuva i Dani gushika i Beyeri-sheba, mu misi yose y’[Umwami] Salomo.”​—1 Abami 4:25.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Uruzitiro/​Amafoto ku rup. 26, 27]

Ubwoya bw’intama be n’ilino

Mu bihe vya Bibiliya, ahanini abantu borora intama kubera amata yazo n’ubwoya bwazo. Ku ntama nkeya gusa, umworozi yarashobora kuronka ubwoya buhagije bw’impuzu z’umuryango wiwe. Afise intama nyinshi, uburenzeko yarashobora kubugurisha ku bahinguzi b’ivyambarwa bo mu karere kabo. Ibisagara n’ibigwati bimwebimwe vyari bifise amashirahamwe yavyo ahingura ivyambarwa. Kuva kera na rindi, gukemura intama vyamye biri mu vyo abantu bakora ku mwaka ku mwaka.​—Itanguriro 31:19; 38:13; 1 Samweli 25:4, 11.

Igitambara c’ilino, abantu benshi barakunda kugikoramwo impuzu, kikaba cava mu bugwegwe bw’igiterwa c’ilino. (Kuvayo 9:31) Ico giterwa bacimbura kiri mu kwera neza. Agati kaco barakanikira ku zuba kakuma hanyuma bakakinika mu mazi kugira korohe. Kamaze kwuma, baragakubita bagatandukanya ubugwegwe hanyuma bakabuhingamwo inyuzi zo kujisha. Abo mu muryango wa cami n’abakozi bakurubakuru bakunda kwambara impuzu z’ilino.

[Ifoto]

Igiterwa c’ilino cumye batarinika mu mazi

[Uruzitiro/​Ifoto ku rup. 27]

Bahinga gute?

Akagwegwe k’ilino kamwe, akoya k’intama kamwe, akoya k’impene kamwe, canke akandi kanyuzi kamwe, karoroshe cane kandi kakaba kagufi cane ku buryo ata co komara. Ni co gituma bahingira hamwe twinshi kugira havemwo urunyuzi rw’intimba n’uburebure bipfuza. Ku bijanye n’“umugore abishoboye,” Bibiliya ivuga iti: “Yatumye amaboko yiwe ku gakoni kazingîrwako urunyuzi, amaboko yiwe na yo afata agati kazungurutsa urunyuzi.” (Imigani 31:10, 19) Aho Bibiliya iriko iravuga ukuntu bahinga bakoresheje agakoni kazingîrwako urunyuzi n’agati kazungurutsa urunyuzi, tukaba ari uduti tubiri dusanzwe.

Mu kuboko kumwe, umugore afata agakoni kazingiriyeko ubugwegwe canke ubwoya ariko bukaba budafashe cane. Aca akoresha ukundi kuboko mu gusokora dukeduke akaduhingamwo urunyuzi, maze akarwambika ahantu higonze canke hasatuye ku mutwe umwe wa ka gati kazungurutsa urunyuzi. Ku wundi mutwe haba hari akantu karemereye kameze nk’ingasiro ko kuzungurutsa ako gati. Aracundevya ako gati kazungurutsa urunyuzi akakazungurutsa, akaba ariko arahinga bwa bugwegwe canke bwa bwoya abukuramwo urunyuzi rw’intimba yinaka. Urwo runyuzi ruhinze ruza rurizingira kuri ako gati. Uwo mugore aguma abigenza gutyo nyene gushika bwa bugwegwe canke bwa bwoya buzingiriye ku gati bucitse urunyuzi rurerure rushobora guhabwa ibara canke gukoreshwa mu kujisha.

[Uruzitiro/​Amafoto ku rup. 28, 29]

Babiha amabara gute?

Igitambara bajishe canke inyuzi z’ubwoya canke z’ilino bahinze bakongera bagasukura, baraheza bakabiha amabara atandukanye. Uko bavyinika kenshi mw’irangi bazigamwo impuzu ni ko vyarushiriza kugira ibara rizize. Kubera ko iryo rangi ryari rizimvye, irisigaye bararikanya kugira ngo rizosubire gukoreshwa bamaze gukura mu gikono ivyo bariko baraha ibara. Nya runyuzi canke nya gitambara bahaye ibara baca bacanikira.

Kubera yuko ata marangi ahinguye mu buryo bwa none yariho, ab’aho ha mbere barihingurira amarangi aramba y’ubwoko bwinshi bimwe bitangaje avuye mu bikoko no mu bimera. Nk’akarorero, ibara ry’umuhondo barihingura mu mababi y’igiti citwa shakedi (amandier) no mu gishishwa c’icamwa c’ikomamanga, iryirabura na ryo bakarihingura mu gishishwa c’igiti c’ikomamanga. Irangi ritukura ryakurwa mu mizi y’igiterwa citwa garance canke mu gakoko kitwa kosheniye. Iry’ubururu ryava mw’ishurwe ry’igiterwa citwa indigo. Bavanze amarangi ava mu bwoko butandukanye bw’ibifyera vyo mu kiyaga vyitwa murex barashobora kuronka amabara atandukanye, kuva kw’ibara ry’umuyugubwe gushika ku ry’ubururu no kw’ibara ry’umutukutuku rihinze.

None hakenerwa ibifyera vyo mu kiyaga bingahe kugira baronke irangi rikwiye impuzu imwe? Itohoza rimwe ryagizwe ryerekana yuko igifyera kimwekimwe cose cavamwo irangi rike cane ku buryo hakenerwa nk’ibifyera 10.000 kugira haboneke irangi rihagije ryokoreshwa mu guha ikanzu imwe canke umwitero utagira amaboko umwe ibara rizize ryitwa koko ibara ry’umuyugubwe ry’impuzu z’inyambarabami. Ku ngoma y’Umwami Nabonide wa Babiloni, bivugwa ko ubwoya bw’ibara ry’umuyugubwe bwari buzimvye incuro 40 kurusha ubwoya bw’irindi bara. Kubera ko igisagara ca Tiro ca kera vyari bizwi cane ko ari co karuhariwe mu gushora iryo rangi rizimvye rwose, ryahavuye ryitwa umuyugubwe w’i Tiro.

[Amafoto]

Ikiruka c’igifyera co mu kiyaga

Igikono co mu kinjana ca 2 canke ca 3 b.g.c. basanze i tel dor muri israyeli cakoreshwa mu guha ibara ry’umuyugubwe inyuzi n’impuzu

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

The Tel Dor Project

[Uruzitiro/​Ifoto ku rup. 29]

Bajisha gute?

Igikoresho co kujishisha kirakoreshwa mu gusobekeranya inyuzi zihinze zikavamwo igitambara c’ubunini bipfuza co gukoramwo impuzu canke ibindi. Bagenda barasobekeranya inyuzi zishinze (inyuzi z’indamvu) n’izindi zikitse (inyuzi z’insobanya). Baca baza barakurakuranya mu gusobanya inyuzi z’insobanya bazicisha hejuru no munsi y’inyuzi z’indamvu.

Igikoresho co kujishisha co mu bihe vya Bibiliya caba kimeze nk’ikadre y’umuryango irambitse hasi canke ishinze. Ku makadre amwamwe ashinze, barashira utuntu turemereye ku mitwe y’inyuzi z’indamvu. Mwene utwo tuntu turemereye twa kera twarubuwe ahantu hatandukanye muri Israyeli.

Kujisha akenshi cari igikorwa gikorerwa i muhira, ariko mu mihingo imwimwe wasanga abagize ikigwati bose bakorera hamwe uwo mwuga. Nk’akarorero, mu 1 Ngoma 4:21 haravugwa ibijanye n’“inzu y’abahinguzi b’ibitambara vyiza,” bikaba biboneka ko ryari ishirahamwe ry’abakozi bakora uwo mwuga.

[Akajambo gasigura ifoto ku rup. 26, 27]

“Inyuzi z’ubururu n’ubwoya buzize ibara ry’agahama.”​—Kuvayo 26:1