Uko ushotse wiyumvira umuntu, ni ko aba ameze koko?

UMUGANGA umwe yari yicaye mu nzu yiwe arorera ikiganiro co ku mboneshakure cari catumiwemwo umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Leta ya Irlande. Uwo muganga amaze kwihweza yitonze uwo mushikiranganji mu maso, yarabonye ikintu yiyumviriye ko ari ikimenyetso c’uko arwaye ikivyimba. Yahavuye amugira inama ngo yipimishe mu maguru masha.

Erega yipimishije yasanze ivyo nya muganga yiyumviriye ari vyo. Uwo muganga yari ashoboye kubona ico umurwayi arwaye mu kumwihweza gusa, ivyo rimwe na rimwe bita gupimisha ijisho. Ariko abantu bamwebamwe babona ko bashoboye gupimisha ijisho ngo bakamenya kamere y’umuntu be n’uko yoba ari umwizigirwa.

Mu binjana n’ibindi, abashakashatsi baragerageje gushiraho ubuhinga bwo gushobora kumenya ukuntu umuntu ameze ufatiye ku kuntu aboneka inyuma. Ubwo buhinga (ubwo bita mu gifaransa physionomie), igitabu kimwe (Encyclopædia Britannica) gisobanura ko ari ukumenya akamere k’umuntu ngo wihweje mu maso hiwe canke ukuntu umubiri wiwe umeze. Mu kinjana ca 19, abatohoza kahise k’abantu n’imico kama be n’imibereho yabo, nka Francis Galton incuti ya Charles Darwin, be n’abahinga mu vyigwa bijanye n’ubugizi bwa nabi nka Cesare Lombroso wo mu Butaliyano, barashikirije ivyiyumviro be n’ubuhinga bisa n’ivyo, vyinshi muri vyo bikaba vyaramaze kwibagirwa.

Yamara, benshi babona ko ushobora kumenya ukuntu umuntu ameze ufatiye gusa ku kuntu aboneka inyuma. Ariko none, uko ushotse wiyumvira umuntu ni ko aba ameze koko?

Abafatiye ku biboneka inyuma

Akarorero k’umuntu yahenzwe n’ivyo yashotse abona turagasanga mu gitabu co muri Bibiliya ca Samweli wa mbere. Yehova Imana yabwiye umuhanuzi Samweli kurobanuza amavuta umwe mu bo mu rugo rwa Yese ngo azobe umwami wa Isirayeli. Iyo nkuru ivuga iti: “Nuko [abahungu ba Yese] binjiye maze akabona Eliyabu, aca avuga ati: ‘Emwe, uwo Yehova yarobanuje amavuta ari imbere yiwe.’ Mugabo Yehova abwira Samweli ati: ‘Nturabe uko asa n’uburebure bw’igihagararo ciwe, kubera ko namwanse. Kuko Imana itabona nk’uko umuntu abona, kubera ko umuntu buntu abona ibiboneka ku maso, mugabo Yehova we, abona ico umutima uri.’” Vyagenze gutyo no ku bandi bahungu batandatu ba Yese. Amaherezo, Imana yakoze igihushanye n’ivyo uwo muhanuzi na Yese bari biyumviriye, ihitamwo Dawidi agahungu kagira umunani ka Yese ata n’umwe yari yiyumviriye guhamagara.​—1 Samweli 16:6-12.

Ni ko biri no muri iki gihe. Haraheze imyaka nk’ingahe umwigisha w’ivyigwa bijanye n’ubugizi bwa nabi wo mu Budagi agize ubushakashatsi ku banyeshure 500 biga ivy’amategeko. Yari yatumiye abantu 12 abo banyeshure batari bazi. Abo bantu bari bagizwe n’umukomanda w’igipolisi wo muri ako karere, umushikirizamanza waho, umunyabigega wa kaminuza, umukozi wa Leta wo mu rwego rujejwe imigenderanire n’abanyagihugu, abashingwamanza nka bangahe, abakozi bo muri sentare be n’inkozi z’ikibi zitatu zagiriwe n’icaha. Abo banyeshure basabwa kwerekana akazi umwe wese muri abo bantu akora, abaciriwe umunyororo abo ari bo be n’icaha bakoze. Ivyo vyose bari kuvyerekana bishimikije ukuntu abo bantu baboneka inyuma be n’ivyo bavuze ko bakunda kwisamazamwo.

Abo banyeshure bashitse ku ki? Ibice nka 75 kw’ijana vyabo barashoboye gutora za nkozi z’ikibi zitatu. Ariko kandi, ibice 60 vy’abo banyeshure vyavuze ko na barya bandi icenda bakoze ivyaha naho ata caha bari barigeze gukora. Muri abo banyeshure, 1 ku 7 yiyumviriye ko  wa mushikirizamanza ashobora kuba ari umudandaza w’ibiyayuramutwe; nayo ku bijanye na wa mukomanda w’igipolisi, 1 kuri 3 yiyumviriye ko ari umusuma! Umuntu arashobora kwihenda rwose afatiye ku vyo ashotse abona. Kubera iki?

Ibiboneka inyuma birashobora kuguhenda

Igihe duhuye n’umuntu ari bwo bwa mbere, dukunze guca twiyumvira uko ivyiwe vyifashe dufatiye ku bintu vyadushikiye muri kahise. Turakunda gufatira abantu hamwe, tukamucira urubanza dufatiye ku kuntu abo mu mugwi arimwo babonwa. Uretse ukuntu aboneka inyuma, twoshobora kwiyumvira ivyiwe uko vyifashe canke tukamucira urubanza twishimikije igihugu akomokamwo, ubwoko bwiwe, ikibanza afise mu kibano canke idini arimwo.

Igihe dusanze uwo muntu ameze nk’uko nyene twari twamwiyumviriye, duca twirya akara tukabona ko tutihenze, bigatuma turushiriza kubona ko ivyo dushotse twiyumvira ku muntu biba ari vyo. Ariko iyo dusanze ata ho ahuriye n’uko twari twamwiyumviriye, tuvyifatamwo gute? Nimba turi abantu bacisha aho ukuri kuri, dukwiye guca twikuramwo ivyiyumviro twishizemwo maze tukarondera kumenya uko ibintu vyifashe koko. Ahandiho, dushobora gusanga turiko turagirira abandi nabi canke mbere turiko tubakorera ikibi gikomeye, biturutse ku bwibone tugaragaza mu kwiyumvira ko turi ba karuhariwe mu vyo kumenya ukuntu abandi bameze.

Gufatira ku kuntu umuntu aboneka inyuma, uretse ko bishobora kugirira nabi uwo muntu, birashobora no kugirira nabi nyene kubigira. Nk’akarorero, mu kinjana ca mbere Abayuda benshi baranse kurimbura ivyerekana ko Yezu ashobora kuba ari we Mesiya. Kubera iki? Bafatira ku biboneka inyuma, bakibonera gusa ko ari umwana w’umubaji asanzwe. Naho batangazwa n’amajambo y’ubukerebutsi Yezu yavuga be n’ibitangaro yakora, bumiye ku vyiyumviro bari barishizemwo, baranka kwemera ibimenyamenya vyerekana neza ko ari Mesiya. Ivyo vyatumye Yezu aja kubwira inkuru nziza abandi, kuko yavuze ati: “Umuhanuzi ntabura guterwa iteka kiretse mu karere k’iwabo no mu nzu iwabo.”​—Matayo 13:54-58.

Abo Bayuda bari mw’ihanga ryari rimaze ibinjana n’ibindi ririndiriye Mesiya. Igihe amaherezo Mesiya yashika bakanka kumwemera kubera ukuntu bashotse bamwiyumvira, vyatumye Imana itaba ikibashima. (Matayo 23:37-39) Abayoboke ba Yezu na bo nyene bariyumviriwe ukutari ko. Abantu benshi vyarabagoye kwemera ko umugwi mutoyi w’abarovyi nciyaho wasuzugurwa n’abize be n’indongozi z’idini rikuru, washobora kugira ikintu gihambaye uvuga. Abagumye bumiye kuri ivyo vyiyumviro vyabo  barahomvye akaryo keza cane ko kuba abayoboke b’Umwana w’Imana.​—Yohani 1:10-12.

Bamwebamwe barahinduye ivyiyumviro

Hari abantu bamwebamwe bo mu gihe ca Yezu bicishije bugufi barahindura ivyiyumviro aho bamariye kubona ivyerekana ko Yezu ari Mesiya. (Yohani 7:45-52) Muri abo harimwo nka bangahe mu ncuti ziwe, naho mu ntango batari biyumviriye vy’ukuri ko umwe mu ncuti zabo ashobora kuba Mesiya. (Yohani 7:5) Ariko igishimishije bahavuye bahindura ivyiyumviro baramwizera. (Ivyakozwe 1:14; 1 Abakorinto 9:5; Abagalatiya 1:19) Haciye imyaka nk’ingahe, ikintu nk’ico carabaye i Roma. Bamwebamwe mu baserukira Abayuda baragize umutima ukunze wo kwumviriza intumwa Paulo aho guha amatwi ibihuha vyakwiragizwa n’abansi b’ubukirisu. Bamwe muri bo bahavuye bizera.​—Ivyakozwe 28:22-24.

Muri iki gihe, abantu benshi bafise ivyiyumviro bitari vyo ku Vyabona vya Yehova. Kubera iki? Akenshi, ntibiterwa n’uko baba barasuzumye uko ibintu vyifashe koko canke barabonye ivyemeza ko ivyo Ivyabona vya Yehova bemera n’ivyo bakora bidashingiye kuri Bibiliya. Ahubwo riho, birabagora gusa kwemera ko Ivyabona vya Yehova bashobora kuba ari bo bigisha ukuri mu vy’Imana. Wibuke ko ukwo nyene ari ko abantu benshi bo mu kinjana ca mbere babona abakirisu bo mu ntango.

Ntibitangaje kubona abihatira kwigana akarorero ka Yezu bavugwa nabi canke bakanebagurwa. Kubera iki bidatangaje? Kubera ko Yezu yaburiye abayoboke biwe ati: “Muzokwankwa n’abantu bose kubera izina ryanje.” Ariko yaciye abaremesha ati: “Uwihanganye gushika kw’iherezo ni we azokizwa.”​—Matayo 10:22.

Muri iki gihe, Ivyabona vya Yehova bariko bagamburuka itegeko rya Yezu mu kwihatira kubwira abantu bo kw’isi yose inkuru nziza y’Ubwami bw’Imana. (Matayo 28:19, 20) Abanka bivuye inyuma kubumviriza, akaryo ko kwinjira mu nzira ijana mu buzima budahera karahakwa kubaca mu myanya y’intoke. (Yohani 17:3) Weho bite? Woba uzokwisunga ivyo washotse ubiyumvirako be n’ukuntu wabishizemwo, canke uzoshima kwisuzumira uko ibintu vyifashe koko ata ho uhengamiye? Niwibuke iki kintu: Ibiboneka inyuma birashobora kuguhenda, kandi ivyiyumviro ushoka ugira birashobora kuba atari vyo. Mugabo usuzumye uko ibintu vyifashe koko ata ho uhengamiye, hari aho wokwubura ibintu bishimishije utari witeze.​—Ivyakozwe 17:10-12.

[Ifoto ku rup. 11]

Abayuda baranse kwemera ko Yezu ari Mesiya kubera ukuntu bari bashotse bamwiyumvira

[Ifoto ku rup. 12]

Uko ubona Ivyabona vya Yehova kwoba gushingiye ku vyiyumviro washotse ubagirako canke gushingiye ku kuntu ibintu vyifashe koko?