Wari ubizi?

Igicaniro intumwa Paulo yabonye c’“Imana Itazwi” cari igicaniro nyabaki?​—Ivyakozwe 17:23.

▪ Abanditsi b’Abagiriki ba kera batari bake baravuze ibicaniro nk’ivyo. Nk’akarorero, umutohozakahise akaba n’umuhinga mu vy’indondabihugu Pausanias wo mu kinjana ca kabiri G.C. (G.C. bisobanura “mu Gihe Cacu”), yavuze ko i Olempiya hari “igicaniro c’imana zitazwi.” Vyongeye, Philostrate, umuhanga mu vyo kuvugira imbere y’abantu akaba n’umufilozofe, yavuze ko i Atene “hashinzwe ibicaniro vyo gutera iteka n’imana zitazwi.”

Umwanditsi yitwa Diogène Laërce wo mu kinjana ca gatatu G.C. arigana inkuru ya kera isigura inkomoko y’“ibicaniro bitagira izina.” Iyo nkuru yo mu kinjana ca gatandatu canke c’indwi B.G.C. (B.G.C. bisobanura “imbere y’igihe cacu”), irigana ukuntu uwitwa Épiménide yatyoroye Atene ayikuramwo ikiza. Diogène yandika ati: “[Épiménide] yarafashe intama . . . azizana kuri Areyopago; maze ari ng’aho arazirekura ngo zije iyo zishaka, ategeka abazikurikiye gushira ikimenyetso aho imwimwe yose iryamye maze bagashikanira ikimazi imana y’aho hantu. Bivugwa yuko ngo nya kiza caciye gihagarara. Ku bw’ivyo, gushika n’uyu musi hari ibicaniro ata zina ririko biri mu mihingo itandukanye ya Atika.”

Kazinduzi imwe y’ivya Bibiliya (The Anchor Bible Dictionary) ivuga yuko iyindi mvo ishobora kuba yaratumye hubakwa ibicaniro vy’imana zitazwi, ari uko abantu “batinya ko bosanga batitayeho gutera iteka imana canke imanakazi yinaka itazwi, bigatuma itabaronsa imihezagiro canke bigatuma iraka.”

Kubera iki Abayuda bo mu kinjana ca mbere basuzugura abatozakori?

▪ Abatozakori ntibigeze bakundwa na benshi. Muri Isirayeli yo mu kinjana ca mbere ho babonwa ko bari mu bantu b’abagesera kandi bononekaye gusumba abandi.

Abategetsi b’Abaroma bari ku butegetsi baka abanyagihugu amakori y’umurengera. Abakozi b’Abaroma baratoza ikori ry’itongo n’ikori ry’umutwe, ariko uwaba yemeye gutanga amahera y’ikori menshi kurusha abandi ni we yaca ahabwa akazi ko gutoza amakori ku bidandazwa vyinjira, ku bisohoka no ku bica mu gihugu bija mu kindi. Abagwizatunga bo mu turere tunaka baca rero bagura uburenganzira bwo gutoza amakori muri utwo turere. Kubera ko baba baremeye gukorana n’Abaroma uzi n’ukuntu abo Baroma bankwa, abo bantu ntibakundwa n’Abayuda bagenzi babo; bababona nk’“ibihemu n’abahuni, abantu bahumanye kubera ko bama bagiranira imigenderanire n’abapagani,” nk’uko bivugwa n’igitabu kimwe c’inkoranyabumenyi (Cyclopædia) canditswe na M’Clintock na Strong.

Abatozakori bari bazwi ko ari ingunge, kandi barironkera ubutunzi mu kurya imitsi Abayuda bagenzi babo. Bamwebamwe baha agaciro karenze ibidandazwa vyabwirizwa kurihirwa ikori kugira amahera y’ikori arengako bace bakubita ku mufuko. Abandi na bo baragiriza ibinyoma abakene kugira babanyage. (Luka 3:13; 19:8) Ivyo vyatuma abatozakori bashirwa hamwe n’abacumuzi, kandi nk’uko igitabu kimwe c’inkoranyabumenyi kivuga ivy’Abayuda (The Jewish Encyclopedia) kivyerekana, “ntibemererwa kuba abacamanza canke ivyabona.”​—Matayo 9:10, 11.

[Ifoto ku rup. 18]

Igicaniro cubakiwe imana itazwi kiri mu bisigarira vy’i Perugamo, muri Tirkiya

[Ifoto ku rup. 18]

Igishushanyo c’abaroma cerekana umutozakori, co mu kinjana ca 2 canke ca 3 G.C.

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY