Soma ibirimo

1 UKWAKIRA 2013
KOREYA Y’EPFO

Amahanga yamaganye akarengane gakorerwa muri Koreya y’Epfo

Amahanga yamaganye akarengane gakorerwa muri Koreya y’Epfo

Koreya y’Epfo ikomeje gufunga abasore babarirwa mu magana nta cyaha kibahama. Kubera iki? Ni ukubera ko ari Abahamya ba Yehova kandi bakaba barahisemo kuyoborwa n’umutimanama, banga kujya mu gisirikare. Abahamya bo muri Koreya y’Epfo banga kujya mu gisirikare, barafungwa bitewe n’uko uburenganzira bw’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare butubahirizwa muri icyo gihugu. N’ikimenyimenyi, mu myaka 60 ishize, hafunzwe Abahamya ba Yehova basaga 17.000, bazira ko umutimanama utabemerera kujya mu gisirikare.

Kugira ngo icyo kibazo kijye ahagaragara, ibiro by’Abahamya ba Yehova byo muri Koreya y’Epfo byateguye agatabo kavuga ibirebana n’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare  (Conscientious Objection to Military Service in Korea). Ako gatabo kagaragaza ko Koreya yarenze ku mategeko mpuzamahanga kandi yanga kurengera abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare. Nanone kavuga inkuru z’abasore b’Abahamya bafunzwe bitewe n’uko banze gukora ibintu binyuranyije n’umutimanama wabo. Dae-il Hong uhagarariye ibiro by’ishami by’Abahamya ba Yehova byo muri Koreya y’Epfo na Philip Brumley, umujyanama mu by’amategeko w’Abahamya ba Yehova i New York, basobanuye neza iby’ako karengane kamaze igihe kirekire.

Amahanga yitwaye ate amaze kubona ibyo bikorwa by’akarengane bikorerwa muri Koreya y’Epfo?

Philip Brumley: Hari ibihugu byinshi byamaganye Koreya kubera ko itubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’abantu batemera kujya mu gisirikare bitewe n’umutimanama wabo. Igenzura ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku birebana n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu riherutse kuba, ryagaragaje ko ibihugu umunani ari byo Hongiriya, u Bufaransa, u Budage, Polonye, Silovakiya, Esipanye, Amerika na Ositaraliya, byategetse Koreya y’Epfo kudakomeza gutoteza abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare kandi biyisaba kubashyiriraho imirimo isimbura iya gisirikare. a

Dae-il Hong: Mu manza 4 z’abantu 501 umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare, Komite y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu (UN Human Rights Committee) yafashe umwanzuro w’uko Koreya y’Epfo yarengereye uburenganzira bwabo igihe yabahamyaga icyaha kandi ikabafunga. Iyo komite yagize iti “uburenganzira umuntu afite bwo kutajya mu gisirikare bitewe n’umutimanama bushingiye ku itegeko rivuga ko umuntu afite uburenganzira bwo kujya mu idini ashaka, ubwo kuvuga icyo atekereza n’ubwo kuyoborwa n’umutimanama. Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo gusonerwa umurimo wa gisirikare, mu gihe yumva uwo murimo utabangikanywa n’idini rye cyangwa n’imyizerere ye. Nta muntu ukwiriye kuvutswa ubwo burenganzira.” b

Akandi kanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gaharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, na ko kavuze kuri icyo kibazo muri raporo gaherutse gusohora yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Raporo ku kibazo cy’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare.” Iyo raporo yashyize ahagaragara amategeko yo ku rwego mpuzamahanga arengera abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare kandi yamagana ibikorwa bimaze igihe byo gucira abo bantu imanza no kubahana. c

Leta ya Koreya yakiriye ite ibyo birego by’amahanga?

Inzu Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukoreramo

Philip Brumley: Leta ya Koreya yanze gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo bya Komite y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu. Ku bw’ibyo, yananiwe gukurikiza amasezerano mpuzamahanga yashyizeho umukono kandi ntiyubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare. Byongeye kandi, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Koreya y’Epfo hamwe n’Urukiko Rurinda Itegekonshinga muri icyo gihugu, zarenze ku byemezo bya Komite y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Iharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, igihe zangaga kwakira ubujurire bw’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Koreya y’Epfo yanze gutora itegeko rigena imirimo ya gisivili isimbura iya gisirikare ku bantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare kandi ntiyashyiraho ubundi buryo bwo kubarengera.

Muri rusange, abo Bahamya ba Yehova bakiri bato bafunzwe byabagizeho izihe ngaruka?

Dae-il Hong: Abo basore ni intwari. Iyo leta ibahamagaje baritaba, nubwo baba bazi ko bazakatirwa kandi bagafungwa n’ubutegetsi buriho. Ntibihishahisha. Ni abaturage beza kandi n’iyo bamaze gufungwa usanga ari intangarugero ugereranyije n’izindi mfungwa. Ikibabaje ni uko iyo bafunguwe baba bafite idosiye y’uko bafunzwe ituma batabona akazi ahantu hafi ya hose muri leta cyangwa mu masosiyete akomeye. Bagiye bamara muri gereza umwaka n’igice. Imiryango yabo ikomeza kwihangana mu gihe baba bategereje kurangiza igifungo bakatiwe. Ibyo byose ni akarengane.

Ese birakwiriye ko Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri Koreya bafatwa kandi bagafungwa nk’abagizi ba nabi, bitewe n’uko banze kujya mu gisirikare?

Dae-il Hong: Ntibikwiriye rwose! Abo basore ntabwo ari inkozi z’ibibi. Muri Koreya ndetse no ku isi hose, birazwi ko Abahamya ba Yehova ari abaturage b’abanyamahoro bubahiriza amategeko kandi baba biteguye gukorera abandi. Bubaha abategetsi, bakurikiza amategeko, bishyura imisoro kandi bagira uruhare mu bikorwa bya leta bigamije inyungu rusange z’abaturage. Vuba aha, hari Urukiko rw’Akarere rwo muri Koreya rwakatiye igifungo Umuhamya ukiri muto bitewe n’uko umutimanama we utamwemerera kujya mu gisirikare. Umucamanza amaze kuvuga ko nta kundi urubanza rwacibwa uretse kumuhamya icyaha, yasomye umwanzuro w’urubanza. Mu buryo butunguranye, uwo mucamanza yafashe impapuro yipfuka mu maso ararira. Biragaragara ko uwo mucamanza yababajwe cyane no guhamya icyaha uwo Muhamya kandi arengana, maze akananirwa kwifata. Abari aho mu cyumba cy’urukiko na bo babonye ako karengane bararira.

Philip Brumley: Tuvugishije ukuri, igihe kirageze ngo abategetsi ba Koreya bakemure iki kibazo kimaze igihe kirekire kandi bashyireho itegeko ryo kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare.

a Raporo y’Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Gaharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu yo ku wa 12 Ukuboza 2012, A/HRC/22/10, ipaji ya 7 n’iya 22, paragarafu ya 44 n’iya 124.53.

b Jong-nam Kim et al. v. The Republic of Korea, itangazo no. 1786/2008, rivuga ibyemejwe na komite ku ya 25 Ukwakira 2012, ipaji ya 8, paragarafu ya 7.4

c Raporo y’akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Gaharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Raporo ku kibazo cy’abantu umutimanama utemerera kujya mu gisirikare,” yo ku ya 3 Kamena 2013, A/HRC/23/22, ipaji ya 3-8, paragarafu ya 6-24; ipaji ya 9, 10, paragarafu ya 32, 33.