Amazu ya muviringo yimukanwa yo muri Aziya yo hagati

NDOROHEJE kandi ndiburungushuye ku buryo nakurinda imbeho mu gihe cy’itumba, nkanakurinda ubushyuhe mu cyi. Fora ndi nde? Abaturage benshi bahora bimuka bo mu duce two muri Aziya yo hagati, bahita bagusubiza ko uri inzu ya muviringo yimukanwa! Iyo wabaga utembera mu mikenke ya Mongolie na Kazakisitani, ukagera mu misozi no mu bibaya bya Kirigizisitani, wahabonaga ayo mazu ya gakondo.

Ayo mazu aba yiburungushuye, ameze nk’amahema abambye. Imbere mu nzu ku nkuta, bahashyira ibibambano byiza by’imbingo. Inyuma ku nkuta bahazengurutsa ibitambaro biboshye mu bwoya bw’intama. Nubwo ayo mazu ataremereye kandi kuyubaka bikaba bitagoye, arakomeye kandi iyo umuntu ayarimo yumva ameze neza, haba mu cyi cyangwa mu itumba. Abakirigizi bayita amazu y’ikijuju, Abakazaki bakayita amazu y’ibitambaro, naho Abamongoli bakayita ger bisobanura “inzu.”

Ayo mazu ashobora kugira ibara ry’ibihogo byerurutse cyangwa akaba ari umweru de, bitewe n’ibara ry’ubwoya bw’intama bwakoreshejwe. Iyo Abakirigizi n’Abakazaki bubaka ayo mazu, akenshi bayatakisha imitako yo muri ako gace iboshye mu bwoya bw’intama, kandi iteye amabara akeye akoze ishusho y’ihembe ry’intama. Kera iyo umuntu yabaga afite bene iyo nzu irimo ibiringiti byiza n’amatapi akoze mu bwoya bw’intama, byagaragazaga ko akize kandi ko ari umunyacyubahiro.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi kigize iyo nzu ya muviringo, ni ikiziga ibiti byose bigize igisenge bihuriraho. Icyo kiziga gikomeye kandi kiremereye ni cyo gituma iyo nzu ikomera. Kiba gitwikiriwe n’igitambaro kiboshye mu bwoya bw’intama. Icyo gitambaro gishobora no kuvanwaho kugira ngo akayaga kinjire, cyangwa bakagisubizaho mu gihe ikirere kimeze nabi. Nijoro iyo ikirere gitamurutse, abagize umuryango bavanaho icyo gitambaro maze bakarebera muri uwo mwenge uri mu gisenge, bitegereza ikirere gihunze inyenyeri.

Ni inzu iberanye n’abantu bahora bimuka

Mu byaro bimwe na bimwe byo mu bihugu bitandukanye, urugero nka Kazakisitani, Kirigizisitani na Mongolie, haracyaba abantu bahora bimuka. Mu gitabo uwitwa Becky Kemery yanditse, yavuze ukuntu ingamiya zigikoreshwa muri Mongolie mu kwimura ayo mazu ya muviringo. Yagize ati “ibikoresho byose bigize iyo nzu babigabanyamo kabiri bakabishyira ku ngamiya, ku buryo imizigo iri ku matandiko yombi inganya uburemere. Cya kiziga cyo ku gisenge bagishyiraho nyuma, bakakirambika ku ipfupfu maze bigahita biba mahwi. Ibitambaro babipakira ku yindi ngamiya. Aho ingamiya zidashobora kuboneka, aborozi bakoresha ibimasa cyangwa indogobe kugira ngo batware ayo mazu mu magare akururwa n’amatungo, cyangwa bakayimura bakoresheja amakamyo y’Abarusiya.”—Yurts—Living in the Round.

Amazu ya muviringo y’Abamongoli agira inkingi zigororotse n’ibisenge bishashe ugereranyije n’ay’ahandi.  Ibyo bituma atibasirwa n’imiyaga ikaze cyangwa inkuba zikunda gukubita muri ibyo bibaya. Amazu ya muviringo yo muri Kirigizisitani no muri Kazakisitani yo uba ubona afite igisenge gisongoye kandi yiburungushuye. Ubusanzwe, umuryango w’iyo nzu uba werekeye aho izuba rirasira kugira ngo mu nzu habone. Mu nzu imbere, ahateganye n’umuryango, bahashyira amasanduku abaje mu biti ateguyeho udutapi duto tuboshye mu bwoya bw’intama n’ibiringiti baba bazinze, bakabirambikaho. Ubusanzwe, umushyitsi w’imena cyangwa umugabo ukuze mu muryango ni we wicara imbere y’ibyo bisanduku biba bitatse neza.

Imbere mu nzu mu ruhande rw’iburyo bw’umuryango, ni ho abagore bicara. Aho ni ho usanga ibikoresho byose byo guteka, iby’isuku, ibyo kudoda n’ibyo kuboha. Urundi ruhande ni urw’abagabo. Muri urwo ruhande haba hari amatandiko y’ifarashi, inkoni baziyoboresha n’ibindi bikoresho byo guhiga no korora.

Impinduka za politiki zazisize amahoro

Nyuma y’impinduramatwara y’Abakomunisiti yo mu mwaka wa 1917, imibereho y’abo bantu bahora bimuka yarahindutse cyane. Abarusiya bubatse amashuri, ibitaro n’imihanda hirya no hino muri Aziya yo hagati, ku buryo byatumye abantu bareka guhora bagenda ahubwo bagatura hamwe.

Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, ba kavukire benshi baretse imibereho yo guhora bagenda, bahitamo kuba mu midugudu no mu migi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, na n’ubu abashumba baragirira intama, inka n’indogobe mu bikingi binini, baba muri ayo mazu mu gihe cy’impeshyi.

Umugabo w’Umukirigizi witwa Maksat ufite imyaka hafi 40, yaravuze ati “kera nkiri ingimbi, nafashaga data kuragira imikumbi y’amatungo. Ariko muri Nyakanga, iyo urubura rwabaga rumaze gushonga n’inzira zikongera kuba nyabagendwa, twashoreraga amatungo yacu tukayajyana mu nzuri zo mu misozi.

“Iyo twabaga tumaze kugerayo, twubakaga inzu ya muviringo iruhande rw’umugezi, aho twabonaga amazi ahagije yo gutekesha no kumesa. Twagumaga aho kugeza mu gihe cy’ubukonje cyatangiraga mu matariki abanza y’Ukwakira.” Ubwo rero biragaragara ko ayo mazu agikoreshwa n’abantu bo muri iki gihe.

Amazu ya muviringo yo muri iki gihe

Mu bihugu nka Kirigizisitani, ku mihanda haracyaboneka amazu nk’ayo. Bayahunikamo cyangwa akaba ari utubari, aho abashyitsi bafungurira ibyokurya bya gakondo. Nanone, abashyitsi bashobora kurara muri ayo mazu aba yubatse ku misozi yo muri Kirigizisitani cyangwa iruhande rw’ikiyaga gifite amazi y’urubogobogo cya Issyk Kul, kugira ngo bamenye uko Abakirigizi ba kera babagaho.

Uretse ibyo, ayo mazu agira uruhare mu mihango gakondo y’ihamba yo muri Aziya yo hagati. Maksat yagize icyo abivugaho agira ati “muri Kirigizisitani, umurambo w’uwapfuye bawushyira muri iyo nzu ya muviringo, maze incuti n’abavandimwe bakaza kuhakorera ikiriyo.”

Mu bihe bya vuba aha, amazu nk’ayo yadutse no mu bihugu byateye imbere. Hari abantu bamamaje ayo mazu bavuga ko ari yo mazu atangiza ibidukikije. Icyakora, amenshi muri ayo mazu yo muri iki gihe atandukanye cyane n’ayubakwaga kera. Bayubakisha ibikoresho bigezweho, kandi akenshi bayubaka ku buryo aba amazu atimukanwa.

Nubwo nta wahamya neza aho ayo mazu yakomotse, agaciro kayo ko ntigashidikanywaho. Ayo mazu aberanye n’abantu bahora bimuka bo muri Aziya yo hagati, kandi ni ikimenyetso gihoraho kigaragaza ubuhanga bw’abo bantu b’abanyambaraga kandi bazi guhuza n’imimerere.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 17]

Amazu ya muviringo yimukanwa yubatse iruhande rw’ikiyaga cya Issyk Kul muri Kirigizisitani