Ngwino wirebere Ababataki

Mu kinyejana cya 13, igihe umushakashatsi w’Umutaliyani witwaga Marco Polo yasuraga ikirwa cya Sumatra muri Indoneziya, yavuze iby’“abantu baba mu misozi babaho . . . nk’inyamaswa . . . kandi bakarya abantu.” Bavuga ko abantu yavugaga ari Ababataki. Icyakora, jye n’umugore wanjye si uko tubazi. Tugutumiriye kumenya iby’abo bantu natwe twamenye, kandi tukabakunda.

 IGIHE twageraga mu ntara ya Sumatra y’Amajyaruguru muri Indoneziya, incuti zacu nshya z’Ababataki zatwakiranye indamukanyo ivuye ku mutima igira iti “horas!” Icyo gihe twari tugeze aho twari twoherejwe gukorera umurimo w’ubumisiyonari, hafi y’ikiyaga cya Toba. Kimwe mu bintu nyaburanga kurusha ibindi by’i Sumatra ni ikiyaga cya Toba, akaba ari cyo kiyaga kinini ku isi mu biba hejuru y’ibirunga byazimye. Aho ni ho abaturage b’Ababataki bakorera imirimo yabo myinshi.—Reba ingingo iri ahagana hasi.

Ababataki bari muri amwe mu matsinda manini y’abasangwabutaka bo muri Indoneziya. Babarirwa muri miriyoni umunani, kandi barimo amoko atandatu ariko afitanye isano ya bugufi ari yo Abatoba, Abasimalunguni, Abakaro, Abadayiri, Abangukola n’Abamandayilingi. Buri bwoko na bwo buba burimo andi moko atandukanye. Iyo Ababataki babiri bahuye, ikibazo cya mbere babazanya ni ikigira kiti “uri uwo mu buhe bwoko?” Ibyo bibafasha guhita bamenya isano bafitanye.

Amategeko agenga iby’ishyingiranwa

Ishyingiranwa ry’Ababataki ntirihuza abantu babiri gusa, ahubwo rinahuza amoko abiri. Umuntu ashobora gushakana n’umwana wa nyirarume cyangwa uwa nyina wabo. Icyakora babona ko gushakana n’umwana wa nyirasenge cyangwa uwa se wabo, cyangwa se undi muntu bahuje ubwoko, ari amahano. Uretse ibyo, bakurikiza amategeko akurikira mu gihe bagiye gushaka: abagabo bo mu muryango A bashaka abagore bo mu muryango B, abagabo bo mu muryango B bagashaka abagore bo mu muryango C, naho abagabo bo mu muryango C bagashaka abagore bo mu muryango A. Iryo shyingiranwa ry’uruhererekane ry’Ababataki rituma bunga ubumwe cyane, rikanatuma abamaze gushakana binjira muri uwo muryango mugari.

Nubwo abagabo n’abagore b’Ababataki baba barashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ndetse bakagira n’abana, ishyingiranwa ryabo ryemerwa n’abo mu miryango yabo, ari uko bakoze imihango gakondo y’ishyingiranwa yo mu bwoko bwabo. Iyo mihango ihambaye ihuza abantu bafitanye isano babarirwa mu magana, kandi ishobora kumara amasaha atari make.

Urugero, mu bukwe bw’Abakaro babara bitonze amafaranga y’inkwano, maze agahabwa abantu baba batoranyijwe kuri buri muryango. Iyo ibyo birangiye, ni bwo imihango y’ishyingiranwa iba ishobora gukomeza. Abagize imiryango bavuga imisango imara igihe kirekire. Icyo gihe umukwe n’umugeni baba bateze amatwi bitonze. Ibirori bisozwa no kurya no kunywa no kubyina.

Paradizo y’abahinzi

Kera, imiryango myinshi y’Ababataki yabanaga mu mazu manini kandi maremare, yabaga afite  amapinyo asongoye ameze nk’amahembe y’imbogo. Amwe muri ayo mazu yabaga atatse neza, yubakishijwe imbaho, imigano n’imigozi y’imikindo kandi yubatse ku biti by’amahango. Amwe muri ayo mazu yashoboraga guturamo imiryango igera kuri 12. Uretse n’ibyo, nta misumari yarangwaga kuri ayo mazu. Na n’ubu haracyariho amwe muri ayo mazu amaze imyaka 300. Munsi y’ayo mazu yabaga yubatse ku biti by’amahango, habaga amatungo, urugero nk’inka, inkoko, imbwa, ingurube, n’andi matungo yo mu bwoko bw’imbogo.

Ubukungu bwo muri ako gace bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi, uburobyi, ubworozi n’ubukerarugendo. Koko rero, umuntu yavuga ko utwo dusozi twinshi dukikije ikiyaga cya Toba ari paradizo y’abahinzi. Tuba turiho amaterasi asa n’atondekanyije hejuru y’ikiyaga ahinzeho umuceri utohagiye. Uhasanga ikawa, imbuto n’ibindi bihingwa bivamo ibirungo, biteye iruhande rw’imirima y’imboga iri mu butaka bw’amakoro burumbuka cyane. Hasi aho mu mazi y’ikiyaga afutse kandi y’urubogobogo, uba uhabona abarobyi bari mu twato twabo tw’ibiti baroba.

Iyo bugorobye, abana bishimye bajya koga no kwidumbaguza muri icyo kiyaga, abagabo bagahita bigira mu tubari, kandi muri uwo mugoroba uba urangwa n’akuka gahehereye, hirya no hino haba humvikana umuzika. Kandi koko, muri ako karere Ababataki bazwiho kugira umuzika ushyushye kandi ukora ku mutima. Nanone bakunda kubyina, abagabo ukwabo n’abagore ukwabo, kandi bakabyina bagorora amaboko n’ibiganza mu buryo bunogeye ijisho.

Amateka ababaje

Kuva mu gihe cya Marco Polo kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19, hari raporo zagaragaje ko Ababataki bari ba bantu b’inyamaswa, bagiraga umugenzo wo kurya abarwanyi babaga babateye n’abandi bantu babaga bakoze ibyaha. Icyakora, hari umwarimu wigisha iby’amateka witwa Leonard Y. Andaya wavuze ko zimwe “mu nkuru zivuga iby’ukuntu baryaga abantu zishobora kuba zaravuzwe n’Ababataki ubwabo, bashaka gutera abandi bantu ubwoba kugira ngo batabinjirira mu gihugu.” Uko byaba biri kose, hari igitabo cyagize kiti “mu kinyejana cya 19, ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni b’Abaholandi bwabuzanyije ibikorwa byo kurya abantu mu turere bwakoronizaga.”—The Batak—Peoples of the Island of Sumatra.

Ababataki bizeraga ko buri cyaremwe cyose gifite imbaraga ndengakamere, kandi basengaga imana  nyinshi n’imyuka. Nanone, bari bafite imihango yo gutamba ibitambo, gushikisha, ubupfumu no kuraguza. Babaga baranditse imitongero, uburyo bwo gukiza indwara n’ubwo kuraguza mu bitabo byihariye. Ibyo bitabo bahinaga, byabaga bifite uburebure bwa metero 15, kandi bikoze mu migozi y’ibishishwa by’ibiti. Nanone babohaga ibitambaro bakabishyiraho imitako, maze bikajya bikoreshwa mu bikorwa byo gutsirika no kuragura.

Hari ibitabo bigaragaza ko abamisiyonari ba mbere bo mu Burayi no muri Amerika bageze muri ako gace gatuwe n’Ababataki, bari Ababatisita, umwe akaba yaritwaga R. Burton undi yitwa N. Ward, bakaba barahageze mu mwaka wa 1824. Nyuma y’imyaka icumi, ubwo ingabo z’Abaholandi zarimo zigerageza kwigarurira tumwe mu duce tw’icyo gihugu, abandi bamisiyonari babiri b’Abanyamerika ari bo H. Lyman na S. Munson, bishoye muri ako gace k’Ababataki, ariko na bo bahita bicwa. Bavuga ko hari n’abandi bamisiyonari babiri b’Abagatolika birengagije umuburo bari bahawe wo kwirinda kujya mu duce tw’Ababataki twabaga duteje akaga, na bo bashobora kuba barahiciwe.

Icyakora, umumisiyonari w’Umudage witwa Ludwig Nommensen watangiye gukorera mu gace k’Ababataki mu mwaka wa 1862, we yararusimbutse kandi baramukunda cyane, ku buryo na n’ubu abaturage bo muri ako gace bakimwubaha. Muri iki gihe, Ababataki benshi bavuga ko ari Abakristo, naho abasigaye bakaba biganjemo Abisilamu cyangwa abo mu idini rya gakondo. Icyakora, abenshi baracyakomeye ku myizerere yabo gakondo.

Ubutumwa bwiza nyakuri bubageraho

Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1936, Abahamya ba Yehova bageze muri utwo duce dutuwe n’Ababataki bazanye ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana, Yesu yari yaravuze ko bwari kuzabwiriza “mu isi yose ituwe” (Matayo 24:14). Ababataki benshi bitabiriye ubwo butumwa bushingiye kuri Bibiliya, kandi bareka ibikorwa byabo by’ubupfumu. Ubu muri ako karere hari amatorero agera kuri 30 y’Abahamya ba Yehova.—Soma ibivugwa munsi y’iyo foto.

Iyo jye n’umugore wanjye tubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza abantu bo muri ako gace, dukunda guhura na ba mukerarugendo baba batangariye ibyiza bitatse ikiyaga cya Toba, ari na ko bishimira ikirere cyaho cyiza. Natwe rwose twemera ko aho hantu ari heza. Icyakora icyo twakongeraho, ni uko ubwiza nyabwo bw’aho hantu ari abaturage baho b’Ababataki, barangwa n’urukundo ndetse n’urugwiro.

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Amazi Yacyo Arafutse Kandi Cyarakomotse Mu Muriro

Ikiyaga cya Toba gifite uburebure bw’ibirometero 87 n’ubugari bw’ibirometero 27, kandi ni cyo kiyaga kinini ku isi kiri hejuru y’ikirunga. Gifite amazi menshi ku buryo ashobora kurengera ubuso bwose bw’igihugu cy’u Bwongereza, Écosse, Pays de Galles na Irilande y’Amajyaruguru, akagera hafi muri metero imwe z’ubuhagarike. Icyo kiyaga kiri hagati y’udusongero tw’ibirunga bitohagiye bigize urunana rw’imisozi ya Barisan, kigira amafoto atagira uko asa, aho waba ugifotoreye hose.

Icyo kiyaga cyavutse hejuru y’ikirunga cyari kimaze kuruka rimwe cyangwa kenshi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko kiri mu birunga byarutse bifite ubukana bwinshi kurusha ibindi mu mateka y’isi. Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, umwobo wari hejuru y’icyo kirunga waje kuzura amazi yaje kubyara icyo kiyaga cya Toba. Indi mitingito yabaye mu ndiba y’icyo kiyaga yatumye havukamo ikirwa cyiza cyane cya Samosir, kikaba gifite ubuso bwa kirometero kare 647, bungana n’ubwa Repubulika ya Singapuru.

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NI PARADIZO IHEHEREYE

Ikiyaga cya Toba kiri ku birometero 300 uturutse kuri koma y’isi, ariko igitangaje ni uko ikirere cyaho kiba gihehereye. Ibyo biterwa n’uko icyo kiyaga kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 900 uvuye ku nyanja. Muri iyo paradizo ihehereye, higanje ibiti by’imikindo n’ibindi byo mu bwoko bwa pinusi.

Icyo kiyaga ni nk’umupaka karemano utandukanya amoko anyuranye y’inyamaswa. Urugero, mu majyaruguru yacyo haba inguge zo mu bwoko bw’impundu, inkende zitagira umurizo kandi zifite amajanja y’umweru, n’ubwoko bw’inkende zikunda kurisha amababi. Mu majyepfo haba inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’isatura, izo mu bwoko bw’inkende nto zifite amaso nk’ay’igihunyira, n’ubundi bwoko bw’inkende zikunda kurisha amababi.

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NDEKA UBUPFUMU NKABA UMUKRISTO W’UKURI

Nursiah yari umupfumu cyangwa umudukuni, nk’uko Ababataki babita. Yakoraga ubumaji kugira ngo akize indwara, yirukane abadayimoni kandi avugane n’“abapfuye.” * Yabonaga amafaranga menshi, kandi nubwo yakoraga ibyo bikorwa by’ubupfumu yari umuyoboke wubahwaga w’idini ry’Abaporotesitanti ryo muri ako gace.

Igihe Nursiah yahuraga n’Abahamya ba Yehova, yatangajwe no kumenya ko Imana yitwa Yehova (Zaburi 83:18). Nyuma yaho yaje gusoma inkuru yo muri Bibiliya ivuga ko abantu benshi bari barizeye bo mu kinyejana cya mbere, baretse ibikorwa byabo by’ubumaji kandi bagatwika ibitabo byabo by’ubupfumu, kugira ngo bakorere Imana mu buryo yemera (Ibyakozwe 19:18, 19). Nubwo yarwanyijwe cyane, na we yafashe umwanzuro wo kubigenza nk’uko abo bandi babigenje kuko yari yizeye amagambo ya Yesu agira ati “ukuri ni ko kuzababatura.”—Yohana 8:32.

Ubu Nursiah n’umuhungu we witwa Besli ni Abahamya ba Yehova babatijwe, kandi umugabo we Nengku ajya mu materaniro ya gikristo buri gihe. Nursiah yagize ati “nsigaye merewe neza bitewe n’uko nkorera Yehova. Nkiri umudukuni, nifuzaga cyane kumenya ukuri, kandi rwose ubu narakumenye.”

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto]

Nursiah ari kumwe n’umugabo we n’umuhungu wabo

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(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu igazeti ya Nimukanguke!)

Sumatra

Ikiyaga cya Toba

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Based on NASA/Visible Earth imagery

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Ikiyaga cya Toba ucyitegereje uri mu mabanga y’umusozi wa Pusuk Buhit uri ku kirwa cya Sumatra

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Isumo rya Sipisopiso rifite ubuhagarike bwa metero 110, riri mu majyaruguru y’ikiyaga cya Toba