Kuba inyangamugayo ntibyoroshye

“Kuba inyangamugayo mu bucuruzi ntibigihuje n’igihe, kandi abagerageza kuba inyangamugayo, nta cyo bageraho.”​—Stephen wo muri Amerika.

ESE nawe wemeranya n’uwavuze ayo magambo ababaje? Ni iby’ukuri ko akenshi guhemuka bihesha inyungu, nubwo ari iz’igihe gito. Ku bw’ibyo, n’abagerageza kuba inyangamugayo bahatirwa guhemuka bitewe n’impamvu zikurikira:

Agatima kaba karehareha. Mu by’ukuri, nta wanga ijana mu rindi kandi nta wutifuza kubaho neza. Ni yo mpamvu iyo umuntu abonye uburyo bwo kugira icyo ageraho ariko bimusabye guhemuka, gutsinda icyo kigeragezo bimugora.

● “Kubera ko ari jye ushinzwe gutanga amasoko mu isosiyete nkorera, abantu baba bashaka kumpa ruswa. Niboneye ko abantu bakunda amafaranga bataruhiye.”​—Franz wo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati.

Gushaka ibya mirenge. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibigo by’ubucuruzi byo hirya no hino ku isi byahuye n’ibibazo bitewe n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu. Nanone kandi, ibyo bigo bihangana n’ikibazo cyo kugendana n’iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, no gupiganwa n’ibindi bigo byo mu karere bikoreramo n’ibyo hirya no hino ku isi. Ibyo bishobora gutuma abakozi bumva ko guhemuka ari byo byabafasha kwesa imihigo bashyirirwaho n’abakoresha babo hamwe na ba nyir’amasosiyete.

● Reinhard Siekaczek wafashwe azira gutanga ruswa, yaravuze ati “twumvaga nta kundi twabigenza. . . . Iyo bitagenda bityo, isosiyete yacu yari guhomba.”​—Ikinyamakuru The New York Times.

Kotswa igitutu. Abakozi mukorana n’abakiriya, bashobora kugusaba kwifatanya na bo mu bikorwa by’uburiganya.

● “Umuyobozi w’ikigo gikunda kurangura ibicuruzwa byacu, yaranyegereye ambwira ko ‘nintagura,’ cyangwa mu yandi magambo nintasengera, azajya arangurira ahandi.”​—⁠Johan wo muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Umuco. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, abacuruzi bakunda guha abakiriya babo udushimwe. Hari igihe gutandukanya udushimwe na ruswa bigorana, bitewe n’impamvu zitumye umuntu adutanga n’uko tungana. Mu bihugu byinshi, abayobozi bamunzwe na ruswa baka amafaranga abaturage mbere y’uko babakorera ibyo babagomba, kandi bakemera guhabwa amafaranga mu gihe hari ibintu byihariye babakoreye.

● “Gutandukanya ishimwe na ruswa ntibiba byoroshye.”​—⁠William wo muri Kolombiya.

Imimerere y’ahantu. Abantu bakennye cyane cyangwa baba mu bihugu bidakurikiza amategeko, bashobora guhura n’ibigeragezo bikaze. Ahantu nk’aho, abantu batifuza kwiba cyangwa kurimanganya, bashobora kubonwa nk’abadashaka kwita ku miryango yabo.

● “Abantu babona ko kwiba cyangwa guhemuka ari ibisanzwe, ko ari ngombwa kandi ko byemewe mu gihe cyose nta wagufashe.”​—⁠Tomasi wo muri Kongo Kinshasa.

Ubuhemu burogeye

Guhemuka bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku muntu. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bayobozi b’ibigo by’ubucuruzi mu gihugu cya Ositaraliya, bwagaragaje ko 9 ku 10 muri bo bumva ko “ruswa ari mbi, ariko ko kuyirinda bigoye.” Ababajijwe bavuze ko  baba biteguye gukora icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo batsindire isoko cyangwa isosiyete yabo yunguke, kabone n’ubwo umutima wabo waba ubakomanga.

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abantu bakora ibikorwa by’ubuhemu bakunze kwibwira ko ari inyangamugayo. None se bishoboka bite ko bibwira ko ari inyangamugayo, kandi ibyo bakora bitabigaragaza? Hari ikinyamakuru cyavuze kiti “abantu baremera bagahemuka kugira ngo bunguke, ariko bakiha amahoro bibeshya ko ari inyangamugayo” (Journal of Marketing Research). Kugira ngo abantu nk’abo bishyire mu mutuzo, bagerageza gutanga impamvu z’urwitwazo, bagapfobya ikosa bakoze cyangwa bakumvikanisha ko nta kundi bari kubigenza.

Urugero, abantu bashobora gusobanura ubuhemu mu magambo yoroheje atagaragaza ko ari bubi. Nk’ubu bashobora gukoresha imvugo zitandukanye zumvikanisha ko kubeshya nta cyo bitwaye. Nanone bashobora kuvuga ko ruswa ari “agashimwe,” cyangwa ko ari uburyo bwo “kwihutisha idosiye.”

Abandi bashyigikira imyitwarire idakwiriye, basobanura ibyo kuba inyangamugayo uko babyumva. Tom ukora mu kigo cy’imari, yaravuze ati “abantu bumva ko ari inyangamugayo mu gihe bahemutse ariko ntibibagireho ingaruka, aho kugira ngo barebe aho ukuri kuri.” David wahoze ayobora isosiyete y’ubucuruzi, yaravuze ati “nubwo ubuhemu bugaragara ko ari bubi iyo umuntu afatiwe mu cyuho, abantu bumva ko bwemewe mu gihe nta wubafashe. Iyo hagize uwiba ntafatwe, abantu babona ko ari ‘umunyabwenge.’ ”

Abantu benshi bumva ko guhemuka ari ngombwa kugira ngo bagire icyo bigezaho. Hari umucuruzi umaze igihe muri ako kazi wavuze ati “umwuka wo kurushanwa utuma abantu bagendera ku gitekerezo kigira kiti ‘ngomba gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo mbone akazi.’ ” Ariko se ibyo ni ukuri? Cyangwa abashaka kumvikanisha ko guhemuka nta cyo bitwaye, baba ‘bishukisha ibitekerezo bidahuje n’ukuri’ (Yakobo 1:​22)? Mu ngingo ikurikira, turi burebe akamaro ko kuba inyangamugayo.

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 5]

“Abantu bumva ko ari inyangamugayo mu gihe bahemutse ariko ntibibagireho ingaruka, aho kugira ngo barebe aho ukuri kuri.”

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Abantu benshi bumva ko guhemuka ari ngombwa kugira ngo bagire icyo bigezaho