Bibiliya ni igitabo cy’ubuhanuzi nyakuri, Igice cya 1

“Nzakugira ishyanga rikomeye”

Muri iyi gazeti ya “Nimukanguke!,” hazasohoka ingingo umunani z’uruhererekane, zisobanura ikintu gitangaje kiranga Bibiliya, ni ukuvuga ubuhanuzi bwayo. Izo ngingo zizagufasha gusubiza ibibazo bikurikira: ese abantu b’abanyabwenge ni bo bahimbye ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya? Ese koko bwahumetswe n’Imana? Turagutera inkunga yo gusuzuma ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ubwo buhanuzi bwahumetswe.

ABANTU bo muri iki gihe barangwa no gushidikanya ku bintu no kutabishira amakenga, kandi uko ni ko bamwe babona Bibiliya. Ikibabaje ni uko abenshi batigeze bafata akanya ngo bayisuzumane ubwitonzi. Ibitekerezo byabo babishingira ku byo abandi bavuga. Twizeye ko wowe atari uko umeze. Niba ari ko biri, reka duse n’abagaruka ku bintu byabayeho kera, bigaragaza ko ibyo Bibiliya ivuga ari ukuri.

Tugiye guhera ku mugabo na n’ubu ucyubahwa n’Abakristo, Abayahudi n’Abisilamu. Uwo mugabo yari Umuheburayo wabayeho kuva mu mwaka wa 2018 kugeza mu wa 1843 M.Y., * akaba yaritwaga Aburahamu. *

Aburahamu ni we ubuhanuzi bumwe na bumwe bwa mbere bwo muri Bibiliya bwibandaho. Ubwo buhanuzi natwe buratureba muri iki gihe. (Reba ingingo ivuga ngo  “ ‘Amahanga yose’ azahabwa umugisha.”) Dukurikije ibivugwa mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cy’Intangiriro, muri ubwo buhanuzi harimo ubuvuga ko: (1) Abagize urubyaro rwa Aburahamu bari kuzahinduka ishyanga rikomeye. (2) Mbere yo kuba ishyanga rikomeye, bari kubanza kuba abacakara mu gihugu cy’amahanga. (3) Bari kuzavanwa muri ubwo bucakara bakigarurira igihugu cya Kanani. Reka noneho dusuzume ubwo buhanuzi mu buryo burambuye.

Ubuhanuzi butatu bwihariye

Ubuhanuzi bwa 1: “[Wowe Aburahamu] nzakugira ishyanga rikomeye.”​​—⁠Intangiriro 12:​2.

Uko bwasohoye: Abakomotse kuri Aburahamu binyuze kuri Isaka na Yakobo (nanone wiswe Isirayeli), bahindutse ishyanga rya Isirayeli ya kera, rikaba ryari ishyanga ryigenga kandi rifite abami baryo.

Icyo amateka abivugaho:

● Bibiliya isobanura mu buryo burambuye umuryango wakomotse kuri Aburahamu, hakubiyemo abamukomotseho binyuze kuri Isaka, Yakobo n’abahungu be 12. Nanone icyo gisekuru kirimo abami benshi bategetse Isirayeli n’u Buyuda. Muri abo  bami, harimo 17 bavugwa mu zindi nyandiko zitari Bibiliya. Izo nyandiko zihuza neza n’inkuru zo muri Bibiliya zivuga uko abakomotse kuri Aburahamu binyuze kuri Isaka na Yakobo, babaye ishyanga. *

Ubuhanuzi bwa 2: “Urubyaro rwawe [Aburahamu] ruzaba abimukira mu gihugu kitari icyabo, kandi abo muri icyo gihugu bazabagira abacakara . . . Ariko mu gihe cy’abuzukuruza babo ni bwo bazagaruka ino.”​​—⁠Intangiriro 15:​13, 16.

Uko bwasohoye: Inzara yateye mu gihugu cy’i Kanani yatumye abantu bagize ibisekuru bine bakomotse kuri Aburahamu batura muri Egiputa. Babanje kuhaba ari abasuhuke, ariko nyuma bagirwa abacakara bari bashinzwe kubumba amatafari mu ibumba rivanze n’ibyatsi. Reka dufate urugero rw’igisekuru kimwe cya Lewi, umwuzukuruza wa Aburahamu, wimukiye muri Egiputa ari kumwe na se wari ugeze mu za bukuru. Abari bagize ibyo bisekuru uko ari bine ni (1) Lewi, (2) umuhungu we Kohati (3) umwuzukuru we Amuramu na (4) Mose umwuzukuruza we (Kuva 6:​16, 18, 20). Mu mwaka wa 1513 Mbere ya Yesu, Mose yayoboye Abisirayeli igihe bavaga muri Egiputa. Reba  umurongo ugaragaza igihe ibintu byabereye uri hasi aha, n’ingingo ivuga ngo  “Ikurikiranyabihe rihuje n’ukuri.”

Icyo amateka agaragaza:

● James K. Hoffmeier, umwarimu wigisha ibirebana n’Isezerano rya Kera n’ibirebana n’ubushakashatsi ku byataburuwe mu matongo yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, yavuze ko inyandiko zo muri Egiputa n’ibimenyetso bigaragazwa n’ibyataburuwe mu matongo, byose bigaragaza ko Abasemite (muri bo hakaba harimo Abaheburayo ba kera), bemerewe gusuhukana n’imikumbi yabo muri Egiputa mu gihe cy’inzara. Ariko se koko Abisirayeli babaye abacakara muri icyo gihugu kandi babumba amatafari?

 ● Nubwo inyandiko z’Abanyegiputa zitavuga iby’Abisirayeli mu buryo bweruye, ibishushanyo byo ku mva zaho n’imizingo byemeza ko Abanyegiputa bakoreshaga abanyamahanga mu kubumba amatafari mu ibumba rivanze n’ibyatsi. Dukurikije uko Bibiliya ibivuga, inyandiko zo muri Egiputa na zo zerekana ko ababaga bayoboye abacakara mu mirimo, bandikaga umubare w’amatafari yabaga yabumbwe (Kuva 5:​14, 19). Hoffmeier yakomeje agira ati “inyandiko zo muri Egiputa zemeza ko abanyamahanga bakoreshwaga imirimo y’agahato, . . . ibyo bikaba byarabaye mu gihe kimwe n’icyo Abisirayeli bakandamijwemo. Muri make, twavuga ko inkuru ivuga ko Abaheburayo ba kera bagiye muri Egiputa . . . mu gihe cy’inzara kandi nyuma yaho bakagirwa abacakara, ihuje n’ukuri.”

Ubuhanuzi bwa 3: ‘Icyo gihugu cy’i Kanani cyose, nzagiha urubyaro rwawe.’​​—⁠Intangiriro 17:​8.

Uko bwasohoye: Nubwo Mose ari we wari uyoboye ishyanga rishya rya Isirayeli igihe ryavaga muri Egiputa, Yosuwa mwene Nuni ni we wajyanye  abari bagize iryo shyanga mu gihugu cya Kanani mu mwaka wa 1473 Mbere ya Yesu.

Icyo amateka agaragaza:

● K. A. Kitchen, wahoze ari umwarimu w’amateka ya Egiputa muri kaminuza, yavuze ko “twakwemeza ko Abisirayeli binjiye mu gihugu cya Kanani kandi bakagituramo,” nubwo abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo batanga amatariki atandukanye y’igihe byabereye.

● Bibiliya ivuga ko ‘[umugi wa Kanani witwa] Hasori watwitswe’ na Yosuwa (Yosuwa 11:​10, 11). Abashakashatsi bavumbuye mu matongo y’uwo mugi insengero eshatu z’Abanyakanani zari zarashenywe. Nanone babonye ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko uwo mugi watwitswe mu mwaka wa 1400 Mbere ya Yesu. Ibyo bintu byose bihuza neza na Bibiliya.

● Undi mugi w’i Kanani ushishikaje ni Gibeyoni, uri ku birometero 9 na metero 600 uturutse i Yerusalemu. Abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavumbuye aho uwo mugi wari uri, igihe babonaga imikondo 30 y’ibibindi yanditseho izina ry’uwo mugi. Abagibeyoni ba kera bo ntibabaye nk’abaturage b’i Hasori, kuko bo bagiranye isezerano ry’amahoro na Yosuwa, maze na we akabaha inshingano yo ‘kuvoma amazi’ (Yosuwa 9:​3-7, 23). Kuki yabahaye iyo nshingano? Amagambo aboneka muri 2 Samweli 2:​13 no muri Yeremiya 41:​12, agaragaza ko umugi wa Gibeyoni wari ufite amazi menshi. Hari igitabo gihuza n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga cyagize kiti “ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane cyarangaga umugi wa Gibeyoni, ni uko wari ufite amazi menshi. Wagiraga iriba rimwe rinini n’andi mariba mato arindwi.”​​—⁠Archaeological Study Bible, New International Version.

● Amazina y’abantu benshi bavugwa muri Bibiliya yabonetse no mu bindi bitabo bisanzwe. Nk’uko twigeze kubivuga, urutonde rw’ayo mazina rubonekaho amazina y’abami 17 bakomotse kuri Aburahamu, bagategeka Isirayeli n’u Buyuda. Muri bo harimo Ahabu, Ahazi, Dawidi, Hezekiya, Manase na Uziya. Uko bigaragara, ibyo bisekuru by’abo bami bose bitanga gihamya idashidikanywaho y’uko ishyanga rya Isirayeli ryinjiye mu gihugu cya Kanani, maze rikacyigarurira.

● Mu mwaka wa 1896, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibuye ry’urwibutso rwa Merneptah mu mugi wa Thèbes muri Egiputa. Iryo buye rivuga ibigwi by’ingabo za Farawo Merneptah igihe zateraga igihugu cya Kanani ahagana mu mwaka wa 1210 Mbere ya Yesu. Uretse Bibiliya, iryo buye ni ryo rya mbere ryerekeje kuri Isirayeli, ibyo bikaba byaratanze indi gihamya y’uko iryo shyanga ryabayeho.

Akamaro k’ibisobanuro birambuye

Nk’uko twabibonye, Bibiliya itanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku bantu, ahantu n’ibintu byabaye. Ibyo bisobanuro bidufasha kugereranya ibyo Bibiliya ivuga n’ibivugwa mu bindi bitabo, maze bikadufasha kwemeza ko ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya bwasohoye. Ku birebana na Aburahamu n’urubyaro rwe, Bibiliya igaragaza ko amasezerano y’Imana yasohoye. Abari bagize urubyaro rwa Aburahamu babaye ishyanga, baba abacakara muri Egiputa hanyuma baza kwigarurira igihugu cya Kanani. Ibyo byose bitwibutsa amagambo yavuzwe n’umwanditsi wa Bibiliya witwa Petero, wicishije bugufi akavuga ati “nta na rimwe ubuhanuzi bwigeze buzanwa n’ubushake bw’umuntu, ahubwo abantu bavugaga ibyavaga ku Mana, kuko babaga bayobowe n’umwuka wera.”​​—⁠2 Petero 1:​21.

Nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa mu magana ishyanga rya Isirayeli ryigaruriye igihugu cya Kanani, amateka y’Abisirayeli yarahindutse cyane, maze bibagiraho ingaruka zikomeye. Izo ngaruka na zo zari zarahanuwe n’abanditsi ba Bibiliya, nk’uko tuzabibona mu ngingo izakurikiraho.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 17]

 “AMAHANGA YOSE” AZAHABWA UMUGISHA

Imana yatanze isezerano ry’uko abantu bo mu ‘mahanga yose’ bari kuzihesha umugisha binyuze ku rubyaro rwa Aburahamu (Intangiriro 22:​18). Impamvu y’ingenzi yatumye Imana ihindura urubyaro rwa Aburahamu ishyanga, ni ukugira ngo ruzakomokemo Mesiya, wari kuzatanga ubuzima bwe ku bw’inyungu z’abantu bose. * Ku bw’ibyo, isezerano Imana yagiranye na Aburahamu rigufitiye akamaro. Muri Yohana 3:​16, hagira hati “Imana yakunze isi cyane ku buryo yatanze Umwana wayo w’ikinege, kugira ngo umwizera wese atarimbuka, ahubwo abone ubuzima bw’iteka.”

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 17]

 IKURIKIRANYABIHE RIHUJE N’UKURI

Urugero rugaragaza agaciro k’ikurikiranyabihe rihuje n’ukuri ryo muri Bibiliya, ruboneka mu 1 Abami 6:​1, havuga iby’igihe Umwami Salomo yatangiriye kubaka urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu. Aho hagira hati “mu mwaka wa magana ane na mirongo inani Abisirayeli bavuye mu gihugu cya Egiputa [imyaka 479 yuzuye], Salomo yatangiye kubakira Yehova inzu. Hari mu mwaka wa kane ari ku ngoma muri Isirayeli, mu kwezi kwa Zivu, ari ko kwezi kwa kabiri.”

Ikurikiranyabihe rya Bibiliya rigaragaza ko mu mwaka wa kane w’ingoma ya Salomo hari mu wa 1034 Mbere ya Yesu. Iyo ubaze usubira inyuma ho imyaka 479 yuzuye, ugera mu mwaka wa 1513 Mbere ya Yesu, umwaka Abisirayeli baviriye muri Egiputa.

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 18]

GIHAMYA Y’UKO ABURAHAMU YABAYEHO

● Utubumbano two mu kinyejana cya 18 Mbere ya Yesu, turiho urutonde rw’imigi yitiranwa na bene wabo ba Aburahamu. Muri iyo migi harimo uwitwa Pelegi, Serugi, Nahori, Tera na Harani.​​—⁠Intangiriro 11:​17-32.

● Mu Ntangiriro 11:​31, havuga ko Aburahamu n’umuryango we bimutse bakava muri “Uri y’Abakaludaya.” Amatongo y’uwo mugi yavumbuwe mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Iraki. Nanone, Bibiliya igaragaza ko se wa Aburahamu witwaga Tera, yapfiriye mu mugi wa Harani, ushobora kuba uri muri Turukiya y’ubu, kandi ko Sara umugore wa Aburahamu, yapfiriye i Heburoni, umwe mu migi ya kera yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati igituwe na n’ubu.​​—⁠Intangiriro 11:​32; 23:​2.

[Imbonerahamwe yo ku ipaji ya 16 n’iya 17]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu igazeti ya Nimukanguke!)

 IBYABAYE KU RUBYARO RWA ABURAHAMU N’UKO ABISIRAYELI BAVUYE MURI EGIPUTA

(M.Y.)

1843 Aburahamu apfa

Ibisekuru bine by’abakomotse

kuri Aburahamu

Lewi

1728 Yakobo ahungishiriza

abe muri Egiputa

1711 Yakobo apfa Kohati

1657 Yozefu apfa Amuramu

1593 Mose avuka Mose

1513 Mose avana Abisirayeli

muri Egiputa

1473 Mose apfa.

Yosuwa ajyana

Abisirayeli i Kanani

Igihe cy’Abacamanza

1117 Samweli asuka amavuta

kuri Sawuli, umwami

wa mbere wa Isirayeli

1107 Dawidi avuka

1070 Dawidi aba umwami

wa Isirayeli

1034 Salomo atangira

kubaka urusengero

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 17]

Iri buye rivuga ibyo kunesha ryanditseho ngo “inzu ya Dawidi,” ni kimwe mu bintu bivuga iby’abami bakomotse kuri Aburahamu, bategetse Isirayeli cyangwa u Buyuda

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

© Israel Museum, Jerusalem/The Bridgeman Art Library International