Batik imyenda y’akataraboneka yo muri Indoneziya
Batik imyenda y’akataraboneka yo muri Indoneziya
IMYENDA ya Batik imaze igihe kirekire cyane, nyamara na n’ubu iracyakunzwe. Abantu bo mu muryango wa cyami bayambara mu birori bikomeye, wajya no mu masoko ugasanga abacuruzi ni yo biyambariye. Ni myiza kandi igira amabara meza cyane. Ariko se imyenda ya batik iteye ite? Ikorwa ite? Yakomotse he? Ikoreshwa ite muri iki gihe?
Imyenda ya Batik ni iya kera cyane. Iyo bayikora, bakoresha ikoranabuhanga rituma bimwe mu bice byayo bidafata ibara. Nanone, abaturage bo muri Indoneziya barayikoresha cyane ku buryo iri mu biranga umuco wabo. Byongeye kandi, imyenda ikozwe ityo irakunzwe cyane ku isi hose.
Uko bavanga irangi n’ibishashara
Iyo abanyabugeni bashaka gukora umwenda wa batik, bifashisha akantu gakoze mu muringa karimo umushongi w’ibishashara, maze bagashushanya ibintu byinshi ku gitambaro. Iyo ibishashara bimaze kuma, binika icyo gitambaro mu irangi. Icyakora, ibice by’igitambaro biriho ibishashara bigumana ibara ryabyo. Bakomeza kwinika icyo gitambaro mu marangi atandukanye, kugira ngo ibishushanyo biriho birusheho kugaragara.
Mu myaka ya 1850, abanyabugeni bakoraga imyenda ya batik, basigaga umushongi w’ibishashara ku gitambaro bifashishije kashe ikoze mu muringa. Ubwo buryo bwarihutaga kuruta gushushanyisha ka kantu bafata mu ntoki, kandi bwabafashaga gushyira ibishushanyo bisa ku bitambaro bitandukanye. Mu kinyejana cya 20, inganda zatangiye kujya zikoresha uburyo bwo gucapa amashusho ku bitambaro. Nubwo imyenda ya batik itarakorewe mu nganda ishobora kuboneka muri iki gihe, iyakorewe mu nganda ni yo iboneka cyane ku masoko.
Imyenda ya batik ikorwa mu ipamba cyangwa muri hariri. Irangi ryo barikora mu biti byo muri ako gace, mu mababi yabyo, ibishishwa byabyo no mu birungo bimwe na bimwe, nubwo hari igihe bakoresha amarangi yo mu nganda. Kera bataratangira gukoresha umushongi w’ibishashara, bashushanyaga ku gitambaro bakoresheje ubujeni bw’ibimera, urugimbu n’urwondo. Ariko ubu, bakunze gukoresha umushongi w’ibishashara wakorewe mu nganda. Icyakora, baracyanakoresha ibishashara bavanze na peteroli.
Izakomeza gukundwa nubwo ari iya kera
Nta wuzi neza igihe imyenda ya batik yakorewe bwa mbere n’aho yakorewe. Mu Bushinwa habonetse ibice by’ibitambaro by’imyenda ya batik byo mu kinyejana cya 6. Nubwo nta wuzi igihe abantu bo muri Indoneziya bamenyeye gukora iyo myenda, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko mu kinyejana cya 17 hari abantu bayicuruzaga.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, imyenda ya batik yaramenyekanye cyane ku buryo yabaye kimwe mu biranga igihugu cya Indoneziya. Mu mwaka wa 2009, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco ryashyize iyo myenda ku rutonde rw’ibintu byo muri icyo gihugu “bigize umurage ndangamuco w’isi.”
Imideri itandukanye
Hari uburyo gakondo butandukanye bwo kwambara imyenda ya batik, kuyizinga no kuyikora, bitewe n’imyizerere hamwe n’imigenzo yo mu karere runaka. Abantu bo mu ntara nyinshi za Indoneziya bagira imyenda ya batik ifite amabara n’ibishushanyo byihariye. Urugero, imyenda ya batik y’abaturage bo ku nkengero z’amajyaruguru y’ikirwa cya Java, igira amabara akeye cyane, ishushanyijeho
indabo, inyoni n’izindi nyamaswa. Ariko iy’abaturage batuye hagati muri icyo kirwa, iba irimo amabara make, kandi ikunze kuba iriho ibishushanyo by’ibinyampande. Hari amoko y’iyo myenda agera hafi ku bihumbi 3.000.Umwenda gakondo wa batik ni uwitwa selendang, ukaba umeze nk’igishora cyangwa umwitero abagore bitera ku ntugu. Akenshi bakunze kuwuhekamo abana cyangwa bakawutwaramo ibyo bahashye. Icyakora icyo gitambaro bajya banacyitwikira mu mutwe mu gihe cy’izuba ryinshi.
Hari ikindi gitambaro gakondo abagabo bitwikira mu mutwe bita iket kepala. Bakunda kwitega icyo gitambaro gifite ishusho ya kare, iyo bari mu birori.
Undi mwambaro w’ubwo bwoko uzwi cyane ufite ishusho y’urukiramende, ni uwitwa sarong umeze nk’umukenyero. Hari igihe bateranya uwo mwambaro ku buryo ugira ishusho y’uruhombo. Uwo mwenda barawukenyera ukamera nk’ijipo, kandi wambarwa n’abagabo n’abagore.
Igitambaro cya batik gishobora gukorwamo imyenda y’amoko hafi ya yose, kuva ku mapantaro aciriritse kugeza ku makanzu y’akataraboneka. Icyakora, bashobora no kugishushanyaho, bakagitaka ku nkuta, ku buriri, bakagitegura ku meza cyangwa bakagikoresha ibindi. Nanone iyo ba mukerarugendo batembera mu isoko ryo muri Indoneziya bashobora kubona udukapu, inkweto, imitako batwikiriza amatara ndetse n’ibitambaro batwikiriza orudinateri zigendanwa, byose bikozwe mu gitambaro cya batik. Gikorwamo ibintu byinshi, ku buryo twavuga ko ari igitambaro cy’akataraboneka!
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 23]
Akantu gakoze mu muringa karimo umushongi w’ibishashara bashushanyisha ku gitambaro
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 23]
Igitambaro bashushanyijeho bacyinikaga mu irangi kenshi
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 23]
Imideri itandukanye ya batik
1. Selendang
2. Iket kepala
3. Sarong