Bibiliya ni igitabo cy’ubuhanuzi nyakuri, Igice cya 2

Musohoke muri Babuloni

Muri iyi gazeti ya “Nimukanguke!,” hazasohoka ingingo umunani z’uruhererekane, zisobanura ikintu gitangaje kiranga Bibiliya, ni ukuvuga ubuhanuzi bwayo. Izo ngingo zizagufasha gusubiza ibibazo bikurikira: Ese abantu b’abanyabwenge ni bo bahimbye ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya? Ese koko bwahumetswe n’Imana? Turagutera inkunga yo gusuzuma ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ubwo buhanuzi bwahumetswe.

INGINGO yabanjirije izindi muri izi ngingo z’uruhererekane, yagaragaje ubuhanuzi butatu buboneka muri Bibiliya, buvuga iby’urubyaro rwa Aburahamu. Hari gihamya igaragaza ko Imana yashohoje amasezerano avugwa muri ubwo buhanuzi, binyuriye ku byo yakoreye abari bagize ishyanga rya Isirayeli ya kera bakomokaga kuri Aburahamu.

Ubundi bwami bwagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka avugwa muri Bibiliya, cyane cyane mu kinyejana cya karindwi Mbere ya Yesu, ni Babuloni. Reka dusuzume ubuhanuzi butatu bwa Bibiliya buvuga ibirebana n’ubwo bwami, turebe niba hari gihamya igaragaza ko bwahumetswe n’Imana.

 Umuhanuzi Mose yaburiye abari bagize Isirayeli ya kera ati “nimwibagirwa Yehova Imana yanyu, mugakurikira izindi mana mukazikorera kandi mukazunamira, . . . ndabahamiriza ko muzarimbuka mugashira” (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 8:19; 11:8, 9). Icyakora, Abisirayeli bakomeje kwigomeka ku Mana bahindukirira ibigirwamana.—1 Abami 14:22-24.

Amaherezo, Imana yaretse kwihanganira abo bagaragu bayo b’abahemu, maze ibahana mu maboko y’Abanyababuloni. Ku ngoma y’Umwami Nebukadinezari, iryo zina rikaba rishobora no kuvugwa ngo “Nebukadirezari,” ingabo za Babuloni zateye Isirayeli maze zigota Yerusalemu. Ese icyo gikorwa cyo kugota Yerusalemu hari icyo cyasobanuraga? Reka turebe ibyo umuhanuzi Yeremiya yari yaranditse imyaka igera hafi kuri 20 mbere y’uko ibyo biba.—Yeremiya 25:1.

Ubuhanuzi bwa 1: ‘Kubera ko [mwebwe Abisirayeli] mwanze kumvira amagambo yanjye, ngiye gutumaho Nebukadinezari umwami w’i Babuloni; nzazana [Abanyababuloni] batere iki gihugu barwanye abaturage bacyo. Iki gihugu cyose kizahinduka amatongo n’icyo gutangarirwa, kandi ayo mahanga azamara imyaka mirongo irindwi akorera umwami w’i Babuloni.’—Yeremiya 25:8-11.

Uko bwasohoye: Nyuma y’igihe kirekire Nebukadinezari agose Yerusalemu, amaherezo yayirimbuye mu mwaka wa 607 Mbere ya Yesu. Nanone yigaruriye indi migi y’i Buyuda, muri yo hakaba harimo Lakishi na Azeka (Yeremiya 34:6, 7). Abenshi mu bacitse ku icumu yabajyanye mu bunyage i Babuloni, bamarayo imyaka 70.

Icyo amateka agaragaza:

● Bibiliya igaragaza ko igihe Yerusalemu yarimbukaga, Nebukadinezari ari we wari umwami wa Babuloni. Ibyataburuwe mu matongo bihuza na Bibiliya, kuko bigaragaza ko uwo mwami yabayeho koko. Mu mugi wa Florence mu Butaliyani, hari umudari ucuzwe mu ibuye ry’agaciro bita shohamu, wanditseho amagambo agira ati “hasingizwe Merodaki, kuko ibi byakozwe mu gihe cy’umutware we Nebukadinezari umwami wa Babuloni.” Nebukadinezari yategetse kuva mu mwaka wa 624 kugeza mu wa 582 Mbere ya Yesu.

● Hari igitabo cyavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwakorewe i Lakishi n’ibintu byahataburuwe, bihamya ko “igihe umugi [wa Lakishi] warimburwaga bwa nyuma habaye intambara ikaze, kandi ko umuriro wahatwitse wagurumanaga cyane ku buryo amabuye avamo ishwagara bari barubakishije amazu yaho, yahiye agahinduka ishwagara.”—The Bible and Archaeology.

Ubuhanuzi bwa 2: “Nimurangiza imyaka mirongo irindwi i Babuloni, [jyewe Yehova] nzabitaho [Abayahudi bajyanywe mu bunyage] nsohoze ijambo ryiza nababwiye mbagarure aha hantu [mu gihugu cy’u Buyuda].”—Yeremiya 29:10.

 Uko bwasohoye: Imyaka 70 Abayahudi bamaze mu bunyage irangiye, ni ukuvuga kuva mu wa 607 kugeza mu wa 537 Mbere ya Yesu, Umwami Kuro w’u Buperesi yarabarekuye, maze abemerera gusubira mu gihugu cyabo bakongera kubaka urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu.—Ezira 1:2-4.

Icyo amateka agaragaza:

● Ese koko Abisirayeli bamaze imyaka 70 mu bunyage i Babuloni nk’uko Bibiliya ibivuga? Ephraim Stern, umuhanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo w’Umwisirayeli uzwi cyane, yaravuze ati “nta gihamya igaragaza ko Isirayeli yigeze iturwa kuva mu mwaka wa 604 kugeza mu wa 538 Mbere ya Yesu. Nta mugi n’umwe Abanyababuloni bashenye wigeze wongera guturwa muri iyo myaka yose.” Icyo gihe iyo migi yamaze idatuwe, cyenda kungana n’icyo ishyanga rya Isirayeli ryamaze mu bunyage i Babuloni, kuva mu wa 607 kugeza mu wa 537 Mbere ya Yesu.—2 Ibyo ku Ngoma 36:20, 21.

● Ibihugu bya kera byo muri Mezopotamiya byandikaga ku tubumbano twabaga dukoze mu ibumba ryoroshye. Kamwe muri utwo tubumbano bita Umwiburungushure witiriwe Kuro, ni ako ahagana mu mwaka wa 539 Mbere ya Yesu. Muri uwo mwaka ni bwo Umwami Kuro w’u Buperesi yahiritse Ubwami bwa Babuloni. Dore amwe mu magambo yanditse kuri ako kabumbano: “ndi Kuro, . . . umwami wa Babuloni.” Hari n’andi agira ati “imigi yera yo hakurya y’uruzi rwa Tigre [imwe muri yo ikaba yavuzwe] yari ifite insengero zari zarabaye amatongo, nayishubijemo ibishushanyo (byahozeyo). . . . (Nanone) nakusanyije (abahoze) batuye muri iyo migi maze mbasubiza aho bari batuye.”

Ibyanditse kuri ako kabumbano bihuza n’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya buvuga ko Abayahudi bari barajyanywe mu bunyage bari kuzagarurwa mu gihugu cyabo, ubwo buhanuzi bukaba bwari bwaranditswe imyaka igera hafi kuri 200 mbere yaho.

Ubuhanuzi bwa 3: “Babuloni, umurimbo w’amahanga n’ubwiza n’ishema ry’Abakaludaya, izamera nk’igihe Imana yarimburaga Sodomu na Gomora. Ntizongera guturwa.”—Yesaya 13:19, 20.

Uko bwasohoye: Ibintu byaje guhinduka mu buryo buteye agahinda, maze ubutegetsi bw’isi bw’igihangange bwa Babuloni bwigarurirwa n’ingabo ziyunze z’Abamedi n’Abaperesi, mu mwaka wa 539 Mbere ya Yesu. * Uwo mugi ntiwigeze wongera kubakwa ngo umere neza. Ahubwo wagiye usenyuka buhoro buhoro maze uza guhinduka amatongo, ku buryo ‘nta muntu wasigaye awutuyemo.’—Yeremiya 51:37.

Icyo amateka agaragaza:

● Umugi wa Babuloni warasibanganye, ku buryo intiti yitwa Tom Boiy ivuga ko hari “abahanga mu by’amateka hamwe na ba mukerarugendo bo mu bihugu byateye imbere bo mu kinyejana cya 16 kugeza mu cya 18,” bari basanzwe bazi agaciro kawo mu mateka, ariko bakayoberwa “ahantu nyaho wahoze.”

● Mu mwaka wa 1919, uwitwa H. R. Hall akaba ashinzwe kwita ku bintu byaranze amateka ya Misiri na Ashuri mu Nzu Ndangamurage y’u Bwongereza, yavuze ko Babuloni isigaye ari “ibirundo by’inkuta zasenyutse . . . bitwikiriwe n’umucanga.”

Nyuma yo gusuzuma isohozwa ry’ubwo buhanuzi, ni uwuhe mwanzuro twafata? Biragaragara ko kuva kera Bibiliya yagiye igaragaza ko ari igitabo gikubiyemo ubuhanuzi nyakuri. Ubuhanuzi burebana n’igihugu cy’u Buyuda na Babuloni bwasohoye neza nk’uko bwari bwarahanuwe.

Yerusalemu yarimbutse bitewe n’uko abaturage baho batigeze bumvira imiburo bahabwaga n’Imana yo kureka ibikorwa byabo bibi. Nyuma y’imyaka 70 Abisirayeli bamaze mu bunyage i Babuloni nk’uko byari byarahanuwe, bemerewe kugaruka i Yerusalemu mu gihugu cyabo. Umugi wa kera wa Babuloni wararimbuwe nk’uko byari byarahanuwe, kandi na n’ubu uracyari amatongo. Icyakora ubwo buhanuzi ni buke ubugereranyije n’ubundi bwinshi buvugwa muri Bibiliya.

Mu nomero yacu itaha, tuzasuzuma uko ibintu byabaye mu kinyejana cya mbere byari byarahanuwe kera cyane. Nanone, ubwo buhanuzi bwasohoye butuma turushaho kwiringira ko ibyo Bibiliya ivuga ari ukuri.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Imbonerahamwe yo ku ipaji ya 12 n’iya 13]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu igazeti ya Nimukanguke!)

IBYABAYE KURI BABULONI

Ahagana mu wa 732 M.Y.: Yesaya ahanura ko Babuloni yari kuzagwa

(M.Y.)

Mu wa 647 Yeremiya aba umuhanuzi

Mu wa 632 Babuloni yigarurira Ashuri

Mu wa 625 Nebukadinezari atangira gutegeka

Mu wa 617 Daniyeli na Ezekiyeli bajyanwa i Babuloni

Mu wa 607 Nebukadinezari Imyaka 70 arimbura Yerusalemu Abayahudi bamaze mu bunyage i Babuloni

Mu wa 582 Iherezo ry’ingoma ya Nebukadinezari

Mu wa 539 Babuloni yigarurirwa n’Abamedi n’ Abaperesi

Mu wa 537 Abayahudi bari mu bunyage bemererwa gusubira i Yerusalemu

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 12]

Amabaruwa yo mu mugi wa Lakishi ahuza n’ibyo Yeremiya yari yaravuze ku birebana n’ukuntu Babuloni yari kwigarurira u Buyuda

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 13]

Umwiburungushure witiriwe Kuro wanditseho gahunda yari afite yo gusubiza abanyagano mu bihugu byabo

[Aho amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 13 yavuye]

Ipaji ya 12, Lachish Letter: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum; Ipaji ya 13, Cyrus Cylinder: © The Trustees of the British Museum