1, 2. Ni iki intumwa zishobora kuba zaribajije igihe Yesu yasubiraga mu ijuru?

INTUMWA za Yesu zari zihagaze ku Musozi w’Imyelayo, zireba uko azamurwa mu ijuru, maze igicu kiramukingiriza ntizongera kumubona (Ibyak 1:9, 10). Yesu yari amaze imyaka ibiri azigisha, azitera inkunga kandi aziyobora. None se ko yari yigendeye, zari gukora iki?

² Mbere y’uko Yesu asubira mu ijuru, yabwiye abigishwa ati “muzambera abahamya i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya n’i Samariya no kugera mu turere twa kure cyane tw’isi” (Ibyak 1:8). Bari gusohoza bate iyo nshingano? Yesu yabasezeranyije ko bari guhabwa umwuka wera (Ibyak 1:5). Icyakora, bagombaga kugira gahunda n’ubuyobozi kugira ngo bashobore kubwiriza ku isi hose. Mu bihe bya kera, Yehova yakoreshaga abantu kugira ngo ayobore ubwoko bwe. Ni yo mpamvu intumwa zishobora kuba zaribazaga ziti “ese Yehova agiye gushyiraho undi muyobozi mushya?”

3. (a) Yesu amaze kujya mu ijuru, ni uwuhe mwanzuro ukomeye intumwa zafashe? (b) Ni ibihe bibazo tugiye gusuzuma muri iki gice?

 ³ Hashize igihe gito Yesu asubiye mu ijuru, abigishwa basuzumye Ibyanditswe, basenga Imana bayisaba kubayobora maze batoranya Matiyasi kugira ngo asimbure Yuda Isikariyota, abe intumwa ya 12 (Ibyak 1:15-26). Kuki Yehova n’intumwa babonaga ko byari ngombwa gutoranya undi? Abo bigishwa basobanukiwe ko intumwa zagombaga kuba 12. * Yesu ntiyatoranyije intumwa ze ngo zijye zimukurikira gusa, ahubwo yanazitoje umurimo wo kubwiriza kugira ngo zizasohoze inshingano ikomeye mu bwoko bw’Imana. Ariko se iyo nshingano ni iyihe? Yehova na Yesu bafashije bate intumwa kuyisohoza? Ni iyihe gahunda nk’iyo iriho no mu bwoko bw’Imana muri iki gihe? Twagaragaza dute ko ‘twibuka abatuyobora,’ cyane cyane abagize ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge’?—Heb 13:7; Mat 24:45.

4. Ni izihe nshingano intumwa n’abandi basaza b’i Yerusalemu basohozaga?

⁴ Guhera kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, intumwa zatangiye kuyobora itorero rya gikristo. Kuri uwo munsi, ‘Petero yarahagurutse ahagararana na ba bandi cumi n’umwe’ maze ageza ku mbaga y’abantu bari aho ubutumwa burokora ubuzima (Ibyak 2:14, 15). Abenshi mu bari aho barizeye. Nyuma yaho, abo Bakristo bashya ‘bakomeje gushishikarira inyigisho z’intumwa’ (Ibyak 2:42). Intumwa zacungaga amafaranga y’itorero (Ibyak 4:34, 35). Nanone zigishaga abantu Ijambo ry’Imana, kuko zavuze ziti “tuzakomeza kwibanda ku isengesho no ku murimo wo kwigisha ijambo” (Ibyak 6:4). Zohereje Abakristo b’inararibonye kubwiriza mu tundi turere (Ibyak 8:14, 15). Nyuma y’igihe, abandi basaza basutsweho umwuka baje gufatanya n’intumwa kuyobora amatorero. Bari bagize inteko nyobozi yayoboraga amatorero yose.—Ibyak 15:2.

5, 6. (a) Umwuka wera wafashije ute inteko nyobozi? (Reba ifoto ibimburira iki gice.) (b) Abamarayika bafashije bate inteko nyobozi? (c) Ijambo ry’Imana ryayoboraga rite inteko nyobozi?

⁵ Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bemeraga ko Yehova yayoboraga inteko nyobozi akoresheje Yesu. None se babyemezwaga n’iki? Icya mbere, umwuka wera wafashaga inteko nyobozi (Yoh 16:13). Umwuka wera wasutswe ku Bakristo bose, ariko by’umwihariko wafashaga abasaza n’intumwa b’i Yerusalemu mu nshingano bari bafite y’ubugenzuzi. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 49, umwuka wera wafashije inteko nyobozi ifata umwanzuro ku birebana no gukebwa. Amatorero yakurikije ubwo buyobozi, maze “akomeza gushikama mu kwizera, kandi umubare wayo ukomeza kwiyongera uko bwije n’uko bukeye” (Ibyak 16:4, 5). Ibaruwa yasobanuraga uwo mwanzuro, nanone igaragaza ko inteko nyobozi yeraga imbuto z’umwuka w’Imana, hakubiyemo urukundo no kwizera.—Ibyak 15:11, 25-29; Gal 5:22, 23.

⁶ Icya kabiri, abamarayika bafashaga inteko nyobozi. Mbere y’uko Koruneliyo abatizwa ngo abe Umukristo wa mbere mu Banyamahanga batakebwe, umumarayika yamutegetse gutumaho intumwa Petero. Petero amaze kubwiriza Koruneliyo n’umuryango we, basutsweho umwuka wera nubwo batari barakebwe. Ibyo byatumye intumwa n’abandi bavandimwe bamenya ibyo Imana ishaka, bemera ko abanyamahanga batakebwe binjira mu itorero  rya gikristo (Ibyak 11:13-18). Nanone, abamarayika bayoboraga umurimo wo kubwiriza wagenzurwaga n’inteko nyobozi (Ibyak 5:19, 20). Icya gatatu, Ijambo ry’Imana ryayoboraga inteko nyobozi. Abo bagabo bayoborwaga n’Ibyanditswe iyo babaga bafata imyanzuro irebana n’inyigisho za gikristo, cyangwa iyo babaga batanga amabwiriza.—Ibyak 1:20-22; 15:15-20.

7. Kuki twemera ko Yesu yayoboraga Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere?

⁷ Nubwo inteko nyobozi ari yo yayoboraga itorero ryo mu kinyejana cya mbere, abari bayigize bari bazi neza ko Umutware wabo ari Yesu. Intumwa Pawulo yanditse ko Kristo yahaye ‘bamwe kuba intumwa.’ Nanone yavuze ko Kristo “ari we mutware” cyangwa Umuyobozi w’itorero (Efe 4:11, 15). Aho kugira ngo abigishwa bitirirwe imwe mu ntumwa, ‘biswe Abakristo biturutse ku Mana’ (Ibyak 11:26). Pawulo yari asobanukiwe neza ko Abakristo bagombaga gukurikiza inyigisho za Bibiliya bigishijwe n’intumwa n’abandi bagabo bayoboraga itorero. Icyakora yaravuze ati ‘ariko ndashaka ko mumenya ko umutware w’umugabo wese [hakubiyemo n’abagize inteko nyobozi] ari Kristo, naho umutware wa Kristo akaba Imana’ (1 Kor 11:2, 3). Koko rero, Yesu Kristo wahawe ikuzo, ni we uyobora itorero ayobowe n’Umutware we, ari we Yehova.

8, 9. Ni uruhe ruhare rw’ingenzi umuvandimwe Russell yagize mu murimo w’Imana?

⁸ Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19, Charles Taze Russell na bagenzi be bihatiye kugarura ugusenga k’ukuri. Kugira ngo bashobore gutangaza ukuri mu ndimi nyinshi, mu mwaka wa 1884 bashinze umuryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko (witwaga Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society), maze umuvandimwe Taze Russell aba perezida wawo. * Yigaga Bibiliya ashyizeho umwete, kandi ntiyatinye kwamagana inyigisho z’ibinyoma, urugero nk’inyigisho y’Ubutatu n’ivuga ko ubugingo budapfa. Yasobanukiwe ko Kristo yari kugaruka mu buryo butagaragara, kandi ko “ibihe byagenwe by’amahanga” byari kurangira mu mwaka wa 1914 (Luka 21:24). Umuvandimwe Russell yakoresheje igihe cye, imbaraga ze n’amafaranga ye yigisha abandi uko kuri. Biragaragara ko Yehova na Yesu, bakoresheje umuvandimwe Russell muri icyo gihe kidasanzwe.

⁹ Umuvandimwe Russell ntiyashakaga ko abantu bamuha icyubahiro kidasanzwe. Mu mwaka wa 1896 yaranditse ati “ntidushaka ko hagira abaduha ibyubahiro birenze cyangwa bagakabya kubaha inyandiko zacu. Ntidushaka kwitwa Revera cyangwa Rabi. Nta nubwo twifuza ko hagira abitirirwa amazina yacu.” Nyuma yaho yaravuze ati “uyu si umurimo w’abantu.”

10. (a) Ni ryari Yesu yashyizeho ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge’? (b) Ni mu buhe buryo abagaragu ba Yehova bagiye basobanukirwa ko Inteko Nyobozi itandukanye n’umuryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko ukoreshwa n’Abahamya ba Yehova?

¹⁰ Mu mwaka wa 1919, hashize imyaka itatu Russell apfuye, Yesu yashyizeho ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge.’ Kuki yamushyizeho? Kwari ukugira ngo ajye aha abandi bagaragu “ibyokurya mu gihe gikwiriye” (Mat 24:45). Muri iyo myaka, itsinda rito ry’abavandimwe basutsweho umwuka ryakoreraga ku cyicaro gikuru i Brooklyn, muri leta ya New York, ryahaga abigishwa ba Yesu ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Amagambo ngo  “inteko nyobozi” yatangiye gukoreshwa mu bitabo byacu mu myaka ya 1940. Icyo gihe batekerezaga ko inteko nyobozi ifitanye isano ya bugufi n’umuryango wakoreshwaga n’Abahamya ba Yehova mu rwego rw’amategeko (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society). Icyakora mu wa 1971, basobanukiwe ko Inteko Nyobozi itandukanye n’uwo muryango witaga ku birebana n’amategeko gusa. Kuva icyo gihe, abavandimwe basutsweho umwuka bashoboraga kuba bamwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi bitabaye ngombwa ko baba mu buyobozi bw’uwo muryango. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abavandimwe bo mu bagize “izindi ntama” bahawe inshingano yo kuyobora uwo muryango hamwe n’indi ikoreshwa n’abagize ubwoko bw’Imana, bituma Inteko Nyobozi yibanda ku murimo wo gutanga inyigisho zo mu buryo bw’umwuka n’ubuyobozi (Yoh 10:16; Ibyak 6:4). Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Nyakanga 2013 wasobanuye ko ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge’ ari itsinda rito ry’abavandimwe basutsweho umwuka bagize Inteko Nyobozi.

11. Inteko Nyobozi ikora ite?

¹¹ Abagize Inteko Nyobozi bafatira hamwe imyanzuro ikomeye. Bayifata bate? Bagira inama buri cyumweru, ibyo bikabafasha kungurana ibitekerezo no kunga ubumwe (Imig 20:18). Buri mwaka bagenda basimburana mu kuyobora inama z’Inteko Nyobozi kubera ko nta n’umwe muri bo uruta abandi (1 Pet 5:1). Ibyo ni na ko bimeze kuri komite esheshatu z’Inteko Nyobozi, kuko abazigize na bo bagenda basimburana ku buyobozi bwazo uko umwaka utashye. Nta n’umwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi wumva ko ari umuyobozi w’abavandimwe be, ahubwo buri wese yumva ko ari umwe mu ‘bandi bagaragu,’ bityo akaba agomba kugaburirwa n’umugaragu wizerwa, kandi akumvira ubuyobozi bwe.

12. Ko Inteko Nyobozi itabonekerwa kandi ikaba idatunganye, ni ibihe bibazo dushobora kwibaza?

¹² Inteko Nyobozi ntibonekerwa kandi ntitunganye. Bityo rero, ishobora kwibeshya mu birebana n’inyigisho cyangwa ubuyobozi itanga. Koko rero, mu Gitabo gifasha Abahamya ba Yehova gukora ubushakashatsi, harimo umutwe muto urimo inyigisho zagiye zinonosorwa, ugira uti “Imyizerere yacu isobanuka neza.” Yesu ntiyigeze avuga ko umugaragu wizerwa yari gutanga ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka bitunganye. None se ubwo twasubiza dute ikibazo Yesu yabajije kigira kiti “mu by’ukuri se, ni nde mugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge” (Mat 24:45)? Ni iki kigaragaza ko Inteko Nyobozi ari yo mugaragu wizerwa? Nimucyo dusuzume ibintu bitatu byafashije inteko nyobozi yo mu kinyejana cya mbere.

13. Umwuka wera wafashije ute Inteko Nyobozi?

¹³ Umwuka wera ufasha Inteko Nyobozi. Umwuka wera wafashije Inteko Nyobozi irushaho gusobanukirwa Ibyanditswe. Urugero, tekereza imyizerere yacu yagiye inonosorwa, nk’uko twabikomojeho muri paragarafu ibanziriza iyi. Mu by’ukuri, nta muntu wakwihandagaza ngo avuge ko ari we wavumbuye ibyo ‘bintu byimbitse by’Imana’! (Soma mu 1 Abakorinto 2:10.) Inteko Nyobozi yunga mu ry’intumwa Pawulo wanditse ati “ibyo bintu ni na byo tuvuga, tudakoresheje amagambo twigishijwe n’ubwenge bw’abantu, ahubwo tubivuga dukoresheje amagambo twigishijwe n’umwuka” (1 Kor 2:13). None se  ko hari hashize imyaka myinshi abantu bigishwa inyigisho z’ibinyoma kandi bari mu rujijo, ni iki cyatumye turushaho gusobanukirwa Bibiliya kuva mu mwaka wa 1919? Ni ukubera ko Imana yayoboraga Inteko Nyobozi ikoresheje umwuka wera.

14. Dukurikije ibivugwa mu Byahishuwe 14:6, 7, abamarayika bashyigikira bate ubwoko bw’Imana muri iki gihe?

¹⁴ Abamarayika bafasha Inteko Nyobozi. Inteko Nyobozi ifite inshingano itoroshye yo kuyobora umurimo wo kubwiriza ukorwa n’ababwiriza basaga miriyoni umunani ku isi hose. Kuki uwo murimo wageze kuri byinshi? Ni ukubera ko abamarayika bawugiramo uruhare. (Soma mu Byahishuwe 14:6, 7.) Incuro nyinshi, ababwiriza bagiye basura abantu babaga bamaze gusenga basaba umuntu wabafasha. * Nanone umurimo wo kubwiriza no kwigisha wakomeje kujya mbere nubwo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe warwanyijwe cyane. Ibyo na byo biterwa n’uko abamarayika bawushyigikiye.

15. Inteko Nyobozi itandukaniye he n’abayobozi b’amadini yiyita aya gikristo? Tanga urugero.

¹⁵ Inteko Nyobozi iyoborwa n’Ijambo ry’Imana. (Soma muri Yohana 17:17.) Reka turebe ibyabaye mu mwaka wa 1973. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Kamena warabajije uti “ese umuntu ukinywa itabi akwiriye kubatizwa?” Iyo gazeti yarashubije iti “Ibyanditswe bigaragaza  neza ko atabikwiriye.” Yagaragaje imirongo myinshi yo muri Bibiliya isobanura impamvu Umukristo wanze kureka itabi agomba gucibwa mu itorero (1 Kor 5:7; 2 Kor 7:1). Yavuze ko iryo hame rikakaye ritashyizweho n’abantu ahubwo ko “ryashyizweho n’Imana binyuze ku Ijambo ryayo.” Ese hari irindi dini ryemera kuyoborwa n’Ijambo ry’Imana mu buryo bwuzuye, nubwo ibyo byaba bigoye cyane bamwe mu bayoboke baryo? Hari igitabo giherutse gusohoka muri Amerika kivuga iby’amadini cyagize kiti “abayobozi benshi b’amadini yiyita aya gikristo bagiye bavugurura inyigisho zabo kugira ngo bazihuze n’ibyifuzo n’ibitekerezo byogeye mu bayoboke babo n’abandi bantu muri rusange.” Inteko Nyobozi ntifata imyanzuro ishingiye ku byo abantu benshi bifuza. Ahubwo abayigize bayoborwa n’Ijambo ry’Imana, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko Yehova ubwe ari we uyobora ubwoko bwe muri iki gihe.

16. Twagaragaza dute ko twibuka Inteko Nyobozi?

¹⁶ Soma mu Baheburayo 13:7. Bibiliya igira iti “mwibuke ababayobora.” Uburyo bumwe bwo kubibuka ni ugusenga dusabira Inteko Nyobozi (Efe 6:18). Abayigize bafite inshingano yo gutanga ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka, kugenzura umurimo wo kubwiriza ku isi hose no gucunga amafaranga atangwaho impano. Bakeneye rwose ko dusenga buri gihe tubasabira.

17, 18. (a) Dukorana dute n’Inteko Nyobozi? (b) Ni mu buhe buryo iyo tubwiriza tuba dushyigikira umugaragu wizerwa na Yesu?

¹⁷ Birumvikana ko kwibuka Inteko Nyobozi bitagarukira mu magambo gusa, ahubwo nanone tugomba kumvira ubuyobozi bwayo. Inteko Nyobozi ituyobora ikoresheje ibitabo byacu, amateraniro n’amakoraniro. Byongeye kandi ishyiraho abagenzuzi b’uturere, na bo bagashyiraho abasaza b’amatorero. Abagenzuzi b’uturere n’abasaza bibuka Inteko Nyobozi mu gihe bakurikiza bitonze amabwiriza ibaha. Twese tugaragaza ko twubaha Umuyobozi wacu Yesu, iyo twumvira kandi tukagandukira abagabo akoresha kugira ngo atuyobore.—Heb 13:17.

¹⁸ Nanone twibuka Inteko Nyobozi mu gihe dukora ibyo dushoboye byose mu murimo wo kubwiriza. N’ubundi kandi, Pawulo yagiriye Abakristo inama yo kwigana ukwizera kw’ababayobora. Umugaragu wizerwa yagaragaje ukwizera gukomeye igihe yatezaga imbere umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Ese uri umwe mu bagize izindi ntama bashyigikira abasutsweho umwuka muri uwo murimo w’ingenzi? Uzishima cyane igihe Umuyobozi wawe Yesu, azavuga ati ‘igihe mwabikoreraga uworoheje wo muri aba bavandimwe banjye, ni jye mwabikoreraga.’—Mat 25:34-40.

19. Kuki wiyemeje gukurikira Umuyobozi wacu Yesu?

¹⁹ Igihe Yesu yasubiraga mu ijuru, ntiyatereranye abigishwa be (Mat 28:20). Yari azi neza ko igihe yari ku isi umwuka wera, abamarayika n’Ijambo ry’Imana byamufashije. Ni yo mpamvu muri iki gihe yahaye umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge ubufasha nk’ubwo. Abakristo basutsweho umwuka bagize uwo mugaragu “bakomeza gukurikira Umwana w’intama aho ajya hose” (Ibyah 14:4). Ku bw’ibyo rero, iyo dukurikije ubuyobozi batanga, tuba dukurikira Umuyobozi wacu Yesu. Vuba aha, azatuma tubona ubuzima bw’iteka (Ibyah 7:14-17). Nta muyobozi w’umuntu ushobora gutanga isezerano nk’iryo!