1-2. (a) Byari byifashe bite i Yudaya igihe intumwa Pawulo yandikiraga Abakristo b’Abaheburayo? (b) Kuki ibaruwa yabandikiye yari iziye igihe?

 NYUMA y’urupfu rwa Yesu, Abakristo b’Abaheburayo babaga i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya, bahuye n’ibibazo byinshi. Itorero rya gikristo rikimara gushingwa, abari barigize baratotejwe cyane (Ibyak. 8:1). Imyaka igera kuri 20 nyuma y’aho, abigishwa ba Kristo bahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukene, wenda bitewe n’inzara yari yaribasiye icyo gihugu (Ibyak. 11:27-30). Icyakora mu mwaka wa 61, abo Bakristo bagize igihe cy’amahoro ugereranyije n’imyaka yari gukurikiraho. Muri icyo gihe, ni bwo intumwa Pawulo yabandikiye ibaruwa, kandi biboneye ko iyo baruwa yari iziye igihe.

² Iyo baruwa Pawulo yabandikiye yari iziye igihe kubera ko amahoro bari bafite, yari kugera aho akarangira. Muri iyo baruwa yabagiriye inama z’ingirakamaro zari kubafasha kwihanganira imibabaro bari bagiye guhura na yo. Yerusalemu yari iri hafi kurimburwa nk’uko Yesu yari yarabivuze (Luka 21:20). Birumvikana ko yaba Pawulo n’abo Bakristo b’i Yudaya, nta n’umwe wari uzi igihe ibyo byari kubera. Ubwo rero, abo Bakristo bagombaga gukoresha igihe cyari gisigaye, bakitegura. Bari bakeneye kwitoza umuco wo kwizera n’uwo kwihangana.—Heb. 10:25; 12:1, 2.

3. Kuki igitabo cy’Abaheburayo gifitiye akamaro by’umwihariko Abakristo bo muri iki gihe?

³ Natwe turi hafi guhura n’umubabaro ukomeye cyane,  uruta kure ibibazo Abakristo b’Abaheburayo bahuye na byo (Mat. 24:21; Ibyah. 16:14, 16). Ubwo rero, reka turebe zimwe mu nama Yehova yahaye abo Bakristo zishobora kudufasha natwe.

“DUHATANIRE KUGIRA UKWIZERA GUKOMEYE”

4. Ni ikihe kibazo Abakristo b’Abayahudi bahuye na cyo? (Reba n’ifoto.)

⁴ Abakristo bahoze mu idini ry’Abayahudi bari bafite ikibazo gikomeye. Abayahudi bigeze kumara igihe ari bo Yehova yatoranyije. Yerusalemu ni wo wari umurwa mukuru w’Ubwami bw’Imana hano ku isi, kandi abantu bose bifuzaga gusenga Yehova, ni ho bajyaga. Abayahudi b’indahemuka bose bagombaga kumvira Amategeko ya Mose, bigishwaga n’abayobozi b’idini ryabo. Ayo mategeko ni yo yagenaga ibyo barya n’ibyo batarya, uko babonaga ibyo gukebwa n’uko bagombaga gufata abatari Abayahudi. Icyakora Yesu amaze gupfa, Yehova ntiyongeye kwemera ibitambo Abayahudi batambaga. Icyo cyari ikibazo gikomeye ku Bakristo b’Abayahudi, bari basanzwe bakurikiza ayo mategeko (Heb. 10:1, 4, 10). Ndetse n’Abakristo bari bafite ukwizera gukomeye, urugero nk’intumwa Petero, kugendana n’ibyahindutse hari igihe byabagoraga (Ibyak. 10:9-14; Gal. 2:11-14). Iyo myizerere yabo mishya, yatumaga abayobozi b’idini ry’Abayahudi babatoteza.

5. Ni ba nde Abakristo bagombaga kwitondera?

⁵ Hari amatsinda abiri y’abantu barwanyaga Abakristo b’Abaheburayo. Itsinda rya mbere ryari rigizwe n’abayobozi b’idini ry’Abayahudi, babafataga nk’abahakanyi. Itsinda rya kabiri ryari rigizwe na bamwe mu bari bagize itorero rya gikristo, bavugaga ko abigishwa ba Yesu bagomba gukomeza gukurikiza Amategeko ya Mose. Birashoboka ko icyabibateraga, ari ukugira ngo birinde ibitotezo (Gal. 6:12). Ubwo se ni iki cyari gufasha Abakristo b’indahemuka gukomeza kumvira Yehova?

6. Ni iyihe nama Pawulo yagiriye Abakristo bagenzi be? (Abaheburayo 5:14–6:1)

⁶ Muri iyo baruwa Pawulo yandikiye Abakristo b’Abaheburayo, yabagiriye inama  yo kwiyigisha Ijambo ry’Imana kandi bagatekereza ku byo biga. (Soma mu Baheburayo 5:14–6:1.) Pawulo yasubiyemo imirongo yo mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo, maze asobanura ko uko Abakristo basengaga Yehova ari byo byari byiza cyane kuruta uko Abayahudi bamusengaga. a Pawulo yabateye inkunga yo kurushaho gusobanukirwa ukuri ko mu Byanditswe kugira ngo babashe gutandukanya inyigisho z’ukuri n’iz’ikinyoma, bityo bibarinde kuyoba.

7. Ni ibihe bibazo duhanganye na byo muri iki gihe?

⁷ Muri iki gihe, natwe duhura n’abantu bakwirakwiza amakuru cyangwa ibitekerezo bitandukanye n’uko Yehova abona icyiza n’ikibi. Hari abavuga ko Abahamya ba Yehova bayobye bitewe n’uko bakurikiza itegeko ryo muri Bibiliya ribuzanya ubusambanyi. Uko abantu bo muri iyi si batekereza, bigenda birushaho gutandukana cyane n’uko Yehova abona ibintu (Imig. 17:15). Ubwo rero, ni iby’ingenzi ko tumenya imitekerereze idakwiriye kandi tukayirinda. Ntitugomba kwemera ko abaturwanya baduca intege cyangwa ngo batubuze gukomeza gukorera Yehova.—Heb. 13:9.

8. Twakora iki ngo tugire ukwizera gukomeye?

⁸ Byaba byiza twumviye inama Pawulo yagiriye Abakristo b’Abaheburayo, ibasaba guhatanira kugira ukwizera gukomeye. Ibyo bikubiyemo kwiyigisha Bibiliya neza, kugira ngo dushobore kumenya Yehova n’uko abona ibintu. Ibyo dukomeza kubikora na nyuma yo kwiyegurira Yehova no kubatizwa. Uko igihe tumaze turi Abahamya ba Yehova cyaba kingana kose, tugomba kugira gahunda ihoraho yo gusoma Bibiliya no kuyiyigisha (Zab. 1:2). Ibyo bizadufasha kugira ukwizera gukomeye, akaba ari na byo Pawulo yasabye Abakristo b’Abaheburayo mu ibaruwa yabandikiye.—Heb. 11:1, 6.

“DUFITE UKWIZERA KANDI NI KO KUZATUMA TUROKOKA”

9. Kuki Abakristo b’Abaheburayo basabwaga kugira ukwizera gukomeye?

⁹ Igihe Yudaya yari kuba irimbuka, Abakristo b’Abaheburayo bagombaga kugira ukwizera gukomeye kugira ngo barokoke (Heb. 10:37-39). Yesu yari yaragiriye inama abigishwa be, ababwira ko igihe bari kubona Yerusalemu igoswe n’ingabo, bagombaga guhungira mu misozi. Iyo nama yarebaga Abakristo bose, baba abari muri uwo mujyi cyangwa ababaga hanze yawo (Luka 21:20-24). Ubusanzwe iyo abantu babaga batuye ahantu hatari mu mujyi baterwaga, bahungiraga mu mujyi ugoswe n’inkuta kuko ari bwo bumvaga bafite umutekano. Ubwo rero, guhungira mu misozi byasaga n’ibidashyize mu gaciro, ari yo mpamvu kumvira itegeko rya Yesu byasabaga ukwizera gukomeye.

10. Kugira ukwizera gukomeye byari gufasha Abakristo gukora iki? (Abaheburayo 13:17)

¹⁰ Nanone, Abakristo b’Abaheburayo bagombaga kugirira icyizere abo Yesu yakoreshaga kugira ngo ayobore itorero. Uko bigaragara abayoboraga itorero icyo gihe, batanze amabwiriza yumvikana kugira ngo bafashe abagize itorero gukurikiza inama ya Yesu yo guhunga, bakabikora mu gihe gikwiriye no kuri gahunda. (Soma mu Baheburayo  13:17.) Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryakoreshejwe mu Baheburayo 13:17 ryahinduwemo ngo: “Mwumvire,” ryumvikanisha igitekerezo cyo kumvira bitewe n’uko wizeye uguhaye amabwiriza. Ibyo birenze kumvira umuntu bitewe gusa n’uko afite ububasha bwo kuguha amabwiriza. Ubwo rero, Abakristo b’Abaheburayo bagombaga kwitoza kugirira icyizere ababayobora mbere y’uko igihe cy’umubabaro kigera. Niba abo Bakristo barumviraga igihe ibintu byari bimeze neza, byari kurushaho kuborohera igihe hari kuba havutse ibibazo.

11. Kuki tugomba kugira ukwizera gukomeye?

¹¹ Muri iki gihe, natwe tugomba kugira ukwizera gukomeye kimwe n’abo Bakristo Pawulo yandikiye. Usanga abantu benshi baduseka bitewe n’uko twemera ko imperuka y’iyi si mbi yegereje (2 Pet. 3:3, 4). Nanone kandi nubwo hari ibintu Bibiliya ivuga ko bizabaho mu gihe cy’umubabaro ukomeye, hari ibintu byinshi tutawuziho. Tugomba kwiringira tudashidikanya ko imperuka y’iyi si mbi, izaba mu gihe gikwiriye kandi ko Yehova azatwitaho.—Hab. 2:3.

12. Ni iki kizadufasha kurokoka umubabaro ukomeye?

¹² Muri iki gihe, natwe tugomba kurushaho kugira ukwizera, tukiringira ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge’ Yehova akoresha kugira ngo atuyobore (Mat. 24:45). Igihe umubabaro ukomeye uzaba utangiye, dushobora kuzahabwa amabwiriza azatuma turokoka nk’uko byagendekeye Abakristo b’Abaheburayo igihe ingabo z’Abaroma zagotaga Yerusalemu. Iki ni cyo gihe cyo kurushaho kwiringira abo Yehova akoresha, kugira ngo ayobore umuryango we. Niba kubumvira muri iki gihe bitugora, nta cyakwemeza ko nitugera mu mubabaro ukomeye ari bwo tuzabumvira.

13. Kuki inama iboneka mu Baheburayo 13:5 yari ikwiriye?

¹³ Mu gihe Abakristo b’Abaheburayo bari bategereje ko igihe cyo guhunga kigera, nanone bagombaga kwirinda “gukunda amafaranga,” maze bakibanda ku murimo bakorera Yehova. (Soma mu Baheburayo 13:5.) Bamwe muri bo bari barigeze guhura n’ibibazo by’inzara n’ubukene (Heb. 10:32-34). Nubwo bari barabyihanganiye kubera ubutumwa bwiza, hari bamwe bari baratangiye gushakisha amafaranga menshi batekereza ko azabarinda mu bihe bibi. Icyakora ayo mafaranga ntiyari kubarinda igihe Yerusalemu yari kuba irimbuka (Yak. 5:3). Byaragaragaye ko iyo umuntu akunda ibintu, guhunga bishobora kumugora, kubera ko aba atinya gusiga amazu ye n’ibyo atunze.

14. Kugira ukwizera gukomeye, byadufasha bite gufata imyanzuro irebana n’uko tubona ubutunzi?

¹⁴ Niba twizeye tudashidikanya ko Yehova ari hafi kurimbura iyi si mbi, ntituzumva ko kugira amafaranga menshi n’ubutunzi bwinshi ari byo bintu by’ingenzi. Bibiliya ivuga ko icyo gihe, abantu “bazajugunya ifeza zabo mu mihanda” kubera ko bazaba biboneye ko ‘zahabu yabo n’ifeza yabo bitazabasha kubakiza ku munsi w’uburakari bwa Yehova’ (Ezek. 7:19). Aho guhugira mu gushaka amafaranga menshi, tugomba gufata imyanzuro ituma twe n’abagize imiryango yacu dukomeza gukorera Yehova. Byaba bidakwiriye gukoresha amafaranga arenze ayo dufite, cyangwa kumara igihe kirekire twita ku bintu dutunze. Nanone tugomba kuba maso kugira ngo twirinde gukunda cyane ibintu dufite (Mat. 6:19, 24). Uko imperuka y’isi igenda yegereza, tugomba kugaragaza niba twiringira Yehova cyangwa niba twiringira ibyo dutunze.

 “TUGOMBA GUKOMEZA KWIHANGANA”

15. Kuki byari iby’ingenzi ko Abakristo b’Abaheburayo bihangana?

¹⁵ Abakristo b’Abaheburayo bagombaga kurushaho kwihangana mu murimo bakoreraga Yehova, kubera ko ibyaberaga i Yudaya byarushagaho kuba bibi (Heb. 10:36). Nubwo bamwe muri bo bari baratotejwe cyane, abandi benshi bari baraje mu itorero rya gikristo muri cya gihe cy’amahoro. Ni yo mpamvu Pawulo yabibukije ko bagombaga kwitegura ibitotezo bikaze, ndetse bakitegura ko bashobora no gupfa bazize ukwizera kwabo, nk’uko byagendekeye Yesu (Heb. 12:4). Abayahudi benshi bari bararakaye kandi bahinduka abanyarugomo bitewe n’uko abantu benshi bahindukaga Abakristo. Mbere yaho igihe Pawulo yabwirizaga i Yerusalemu, hari agatsiko k’abanyarugomo kamugabyeho igitero. Abayahudi barenga 40, bari ‘barahiriye ko batazagira icyo barya, cyangwa icyo banywa batarica Pawulo’ (Ibyak. 22:22; 23:12-14). Nubwo Abakristo batotezwaga kandi bakangwa, bagombaga gukomeza guhurira hamwe ngo basenge Yehova, babwirize ubutumwa bwiza, kandi baterane inkunga yo gukomeza kugira ukwizera gukomeye.

16. Ni gute ibaruwa yandikiwe Abaheburayo, ishobora kudufasha kubona ibigeragezo mu buryo bukwiriye? (Abaheburayo12:7)

¹⁶ Ni iki cyari gufasha abo Bakristo b’Abaheburayo kwihanganira ibigeragezo bahuraga na byo? Pawulo yabibukije akamaro ko kwihanganira ibigeragezo. Yasobanuriye abo Bakristo ko Imana yemera ko bageragezwa kugira ngo ibatoze. (Soma mu Baheburayo 12:7.) Ibigeragezo bifasha Umukristo kwitoza imico iranga umugaragu wa Yehova. Gutekereza ku mpamvu Imana yemera ko Abakristo bageragezwa, byari kubafasha kurushaho kwihanganira ibigeragezo bari guhura na byo.—Heb. 12:11.

17. Ni iki Pawulo yari azi ku birebana no kwihanganira ibitotezo?

¹⁷ Pawulo yagiriye Abakristo b’Abaheburayo  inama yo kwihanganira ibigeragezo nta gucogora. Ni we wari ukwiriye kubibandikira, kubera ko yari yarigeze gutoteza Abakristo. Ubwo rero, yari asobanukiwe neza ibyo bahanganye na byo. Nanone kandi yari azi uko umuntu yakwihanganira ibitotezo. Yari yaratotejwe mu buryo butandukanye, igihe yari amaze kuba Umukristo (2 Kor. 11:23-25). Ubwo rero yari azi neza igikenewe kugira ngo umuntu abashe kwihangana. Yabibukije ko mu gihe bahanganye n’ibigeragezo, batagomba kwiyiringira ahubwo ko bagomba kwiringira Yehova. Pawulo yashoboraga kuvugana ubutwari ati: “Yehova ni we umfasha, sinzatinya.”—Heb. 13:6.

18. Ni iki tuzi kizatubaho cyadufasha kwihanganira ibitotezo?

¹⁸ Muri iki gihe bamwe mu bavandimwe bacu baratotezwa. Dushobora kubafasha tubavuga mu masengesho yacu, cyangwa se tukabaha ibyo bakeneye (Heb. 10:33). Bibiliya ivuga idaciye ku ruhande iti: “Abantu bose bifuza kubaho bariyeguriye Imana, kandi bunze ubumwe na Kristo Yesu, na bo bazatotezwa” (2 Tim. 3:12). Ni yo mpamvu twese tugomba kwitegura ibihe bikomeye tuzahura na byo mu gihe kiri imbere. Ubwo rero, nimucyo dukomeze kwiringira Yehova mu buryo bwuzuye, twizeye ko azadufasha kwihanganira ikigeragezo cyose twahura na cyo. Mu gihe gikwiriye, azatabara abagaragu be b’indahemuka bose.—2 Tes. 1:7, 8.

19. Twakora iki ngo twitegure umubabaro ukomeye? (Reba n’ifoto.)

¹⁹ Nta gushidikanya ko ibaruwa Pawulo yandikiye Abakristo b’Abaheburayo, yafashije Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere kwitegura imibabaro bari guhura na yo. Pawulo yabagiriye inama yo kwiyigisha Ijambo ry’Imana no kurushaho kurisobanukirwa. Ibyo byari kubafasha kumenya inyigisho zashoboraga kwangiza ukwizera kwabo, maze bakazirinda. Yabateye inkunga yo kugira ukwizera gukomeye kwari kubafasha guhita bumvira amabwiriza ya Yesu no kumvira abayoboraga itorero. Nanone yafashije abo Bakristo kwitoza umuco wo kwihangana, bakabona ibigeragezo mu buryo bukwiriye, bakabona ko ari uburyo Papa wo mu ijuru akoresha kugira ngo abatoze. Natwe tugomba gukurikiza izo nama zo muri Bibiliya. Ibyo bizadufasha gukomeza kwihangana kugeza ku mperuka.—Heb. 3:14.