AYO magambo yavuzwe n’Umwami Salomo agaragaza neza uko abantu babona ubuzima. Kubera ko ari bugufi kandi urupfu rukaba rutarobanura, abantu bagiye bashakisha icyatuma barama. Hari inkuru zabayeho n’iz’impimbano, zigaragaza ukuntu abantu bagiye bashakisha uko babaho igihe kirekire.

Reka dufate urugero rw’umwami w’Abasumeri witwaga Gilgamesh. Hari inkuru z’impimbano zivuga ibyamubayeho. Imwe muri zo yitwa “Igitekerezo cya Gilgamesh,” ivuga iby’urugendo ruteye ubwoba yakoze ashakisha uko yacika urupfu, ariko ntiyagira icyo ageraho.

Mu kinyejana cya kane Mbere ya Yesu, hari abashakashatsi bo mu Bushinwa bagerageje kuvumbura umuti bakekaga ko watuma abantu babaho iteka. Amaherezo bakoze ikinyobwa kirimo uburozi. Hari abavuga ko hari abami b’abami bo mu Bushinwa bishwe n’icyo kinyobwa. Hagati y’ikinyejana cya 5 n’icya 15 hari abashakashatsi bo mu Burayi batunganyije zahabu ku buryo umuntu ashobora kuyirya, kuko batekerezaga ko umuntu aramutse ayiriye yabaho igihe kirekire cyane kuko na yo itajya isaza.

Muri iki gihe, abahanga mu binyabuzima no mu by’iyororoka barimo barashakisha igituma abantu basaza. Ibyo bigaragaza ko na n’ubu abantu bagishakisha icyatuma badasaza ngo bapfe. Ariko se ubushakashatsi bwabo bwageze ku ki?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi biga imiterere y’ingirabuzimafatizo z’umubiri w’umuntu, bavuze impamvu zisaga 300 zituma dusaza kandi tugapfa. Vuba aha, abahanga batumye ingirabuzimafatizo z’inyamaswa n’iz’abantu zibaho igihe kirekire. Ibyo byatumye abakire bamwe na bamwe batanga amafaranga menshi, kugira ngo batere inkunga abashakashatsi maze bashake impamvu ituma dupfa. Ni iki abo bashakashatsi bakoze?

Bashakishije icyatuma umuntu arama. Hari abahanga babonye ko ahanini igituma dusaza, biterwa n’uburebure bw’umutwe w’ingirabuzimafatizo witwa telomere, bugenda bugabanuka. Uko ingirabuzimafatizo zigenda zigabanyamo izindi, telomere zirinda amakuru agenga iby’iyororoka aba ari muri izo ngirabuzimafatizo. Uko zigenda zigabanya, ni ko telomere zigenda ziba ngufi. Amaherezo ibyo bituma  izo ngirabuzimafatizo zidakomeza kwigabanyamo ibice, nuko umuntu agasaza.

Elizabeth Blackburn wahawe igihembo kitiriwe Nobeli mu mwaka wa 2009, afatanyije na bagenzi be, bavumbuye ikintu gituma telomere itinda kuba ngufi bigatuma ingirabuzimafatizo idasaza. Icyakora abo bashakashatsi na bo biyemerera ko telomere zidatuma umuntu abaho igihe kirekire.

Ubundi buryo abahanga bavuga ko bushobora gutuma abantu baramba, ni uguhindura uko ingirabuzimafatizo zikora. Iyo ingirabuzimafatizo zimaze gusaza cyane ku buryo zitakwigabanyamo izindi, bituma abasirikare b’umubiri badakora neza, maze umuntu agahorana ububabare kandi akarwara. Vuba aha abashakashatsi bo mu Bufaransa bahinduye imikorere y’ingirabuzimafatizo z’abantu bashaje cyane, bamwe muri bo bakaba bari bafite imyaka isaga 100. Porofeseri Jean-Marc Lemaître wari uhagarariye itsinda ryakoze ubwo bushakashatsi, yavuze ko ibyo bagezeho byabemeje ko “ingirabuzimafatizo ishobora kwiyuburura,” umuntu ntasaze.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi benshi bemera ko imiti irwanya gusaza, idashobora gutuma umuntu arama igihe kirekire kurushaho. Ni byo koko kuva mu kinyejana cya 19, ugereranyije abantu bagiye barama igihe kirekire. Ibyo ahanini byatewe no kugira isuku, gushyiraho ingamba zo kurwanya indwara zandura, no gukoresha imiti n’inkingo. Icyakora hari abahanga mu by’iyororoka babonye ko hari imyaka umuntu atarenza.

Hashize imyaka 3.500 umwanditsi wa Bibiliya witwaga Mose avuze ati: “Iminsi y’ubuzima bwacu ni imyaka mirongo irindwi; twagira imbaraga zidasanzwe ikaba imyaka mirongo inani; nyamara iba yuzuyemo ibyago n’imibabaro, kuko ishira vuba, tukaba turigendeye” (Zaburi 90:10). Nubwo abantu bakora uko bashoboye kugira ngo babeho igihe kirekire, ni hahandi nta cyo bahindura cyane ku byo Mose yavuze.

Icyakora hari ibisimba bishobora kurama imyaka isaga 200 n’ibiti bishobora kumara imyaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi. Iyo tugereranyije imyaka turama n’iyo ibyo binyabuzima bimara, dusanga tubaho igihe gito cyane.