Ni iki uzi ku bihereranye n’ubupfumu?

UBUPFUMU! Iyo bavuze iryo jambo wumva iki?

Kuri benshi, usanga ari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu bigize imiziririzo n’inzozi, umuntu atagomba kwitaho cyane. Kuri bo, ubupfumu buba mu bitekerezo gusa—ni ukuvuga abapfumu bageze mu za bukuru bambaye imyitero itendera, bagashyira amababa y’uducurama mu nkono itogota, bagahindura abantu ibikeri, kandi bakagenda baguruka mu kirere nijoro bafite imihini miremire y’imyeyo, ari na ko bakubita agatwenge kuzuye ubugome.

Ku bandi bo, ubupfumu nta mukino urimo. Abantu bamwe na bamwe bakoze ubushakashatsi kuri iyo ngingo babyitondeye bavuze ko abantu basaga kimwe cya kabiri mu batuye isi bemera ko abapfumu babaho koko, kandi ko bashobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abandi. Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bizera ko ubupfumu ari bubi, bushobora guteza akaga, kandi ko bugomba gutinywa cyane. Urugero, hari igitabo kivuga ibihereranye n’amadini yo muri Afurika kigira kiti “imyizerere y’uko ibikorwa bibi by’ububasha ndengakamere, ubupfumu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muntu kandi bikaba byateza akaga, yashinze imizi mu buryo bwimbitse mu mibereho y’Abanyafurika . . . Abapfumu ni bo bantu bangwa cyane kurusha abandi bose mu turere batuyemo. Ndetse no muri iki gihe, hari uturere tumwe na tumwe n’ibihe bimwe na bimwe usanga abandi baturage bo mu karere batuyemo babakubita bakabica.”

Ariko kandi, mu bihugu by’i Burengerazuba ho, ubupfumu bwambaye isura nshya ituma bwubahwa. Ibitabo, za televiziyo hamwe na za filimi, byagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma abantu badaterwa ubwoba cyane n’ubupfumu. Uwitwa David Davis, akaba asesengura ibihereranye n’imyidagaduro, yagize ati “mu buryo butunguranye, abapfumu basigaye ari abantu bakiri bato kandi bafite uburanga, uburanga bw’igitangaza. Ikigo bakoreramo za filimi cyitwa Hollywood, nticyatinze gutahura ibyo bintu. . . . Binyuriye mu guhindura abapfumu kikabagira abantu bafite uburanga kandi b’igikundiro kurushaho, bashobora kureshya abantu benshi cyane, hakubiyemo abagore n’abana bakiri bato.” Hollywood izi ukuntu ihindura imyifatire iyo ari yo yose ikayivanamo ikintu kibyara inyungu.

Hari bamwe bavuga ko ubupfumu bwabaye bumwe mu matsinda yo mu rwego rw’idini arimo agira abayoboke benshi cyane mu buryo bwihuse muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Mu bihugu byateye imbere, umubare ugenda wiyongera w’abantu basunitswe n’amatwara y’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’igitsina gore, kandi bakaba baripakuruye amadini y’ibigugu, bashakira ukunyurwa ko mu buryo bw’umwuka mu bumaji bw’uburyo bunyuranye. Mu by’ukuri, hariho ubupfumu bw’ubwoko bwinshi cyane ku buryo ndetse abantu batumvikana ku bisobanuro by’ijambo “umupfumu.” Ariko kandi, abantu bavuga ko ari abapfumu akenshi bitwa Wicca—inkoranyamagambo imwe ikaba isobanura ko ari “idini gakondo rya gipagani ryakomotse  mu Burayi bw’i burengerazuba bwa mbere y’Ubukristo, rikaba ryaragiye rivugururwa mu kinyejana cya 20.” * Ku bw’ibyo rero, benshi nanone biyita abapagani cyangwa abapagani bavuguruye.

Mu mateka yose, abarozi barangwaga, bagatotezwa, bakababazwa urubozo ndetse bakicwa. Ntibitangaje rero kuba abantu bakora ibikorwa by’ubupfumu muri iki gihe bashishikajwe no kwiha isura nziza kurushaho. Mu iperereza rimwe ryakozwe, abapfumu benshi babajijwe ubutumwa bifuzaga cyane kugeza kuri rubanda. Igisubizo cyabo cyavuzwe mu buryo buhinnye n’umushakashatsi witwa Margot Adler, cyagiraga kiti “ntituri abantu babi. Ntidusenga Diyabule. Ntitugirira abantu nabi cyangwa ngo tubashyiremo uruhwiko. Ntidushobora guteza akaga. Turi abantu basanzwe kimwe namwe. Dufite imiryango, akazi, ibyiringiro hamwe n’intego twifuza kugeraho. Ntituri agatsiko k’ingirwadini. Ntidutera umwaku. . . . Ntimugomba kudutinya. . . . Tumeze nkamwe cyane kurusha uko mubitekereza.”

Ubwo butumwa bwagiye bwemerwa mu rugero rwagutse cyane. Ariko se, ibyo byaba bishaka kuvuga ko nta mpamvu dufite yo guhangayikishwa n’ibikorwa by’ubupfumu? Nimucyo dusuzume icyo kibazo mu gice gikurikira.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]