Ibibazo by’abasomyi

Amavanjiri atatu avuga ibyo kwitotombera ko Yesu yasizwe amavuta ahenze cyane. Mbese, intumwa zaba zaritotombye ari nyinshi, cyangwa Yuda ni we mbere na mbere witotombye?

Ibyo bintu tubisanga mu Mavanjiri ya Matayo, Mariko na Yohana. Birasa n’aho Yuda ari we wafashe iya mbere mu kwitotomba, hamwe wenda n’izindi ntumwa zimwe na zimwe zaje kubona ibintu nk’uko yabibonaga. Ibyo bintu bigaragaza impamvu dushobora gushimira ku bwo kuba dufite inkuru enye z’Amavanjiri. Ibyo buri mwanditsi yanditse ni iby’ukuri, ariko bose si ko batanze ibisobanuro birambuye kimwe. Binyuriye mu kugereranya inkuru zivuga ku kintu kimwe, tubona ibintu byinshi byagiye biba mu buryo bwuzuye kandi burambuye kurushaho.

Inkuru yanditswe muri Matayo 26:6-13 ivuga aho ibintu byabereye—mu nzu ya Simoni umubembe, i Betaniya—ariko ntivuga izina ry’umugore wasutse amavuta ahumura cyane ku mutwe wa Yesu. Matayo yaranditse ati “abigishwa babibonye bararakara,” bitotomba bavuga ko ayo mavuta yashoboraga kugurishwa maze amafaranga agahabwa abakene. (Iryo jambo riri mu nyuguti ziberamye ni twe twaryanditse dutyo.)

Inkuru ya Mariko yo ikubiyemo ibyo bisobanuro hafi ya byose. Ariko kandi, yongeraho ko uwo mugore yamennye umukondo w’amavuta akawupfundura. Wari urimo amavuta ahumura cyane, “ameze nk’amadahano y’agati kitwa narada,” ashobora kuba yaratumizwaga mu Buhindi. Ku bihereranye n’uko kwitotomba, Mariko we agira ati “bamwe muri bo bararakara,” kandi “baramwivovotera.” (Mariko 14:3-9, iryo jambo riri mu nyuguti ziberamye ni twe twaryanditse dutyo.) Bityo rero, izo nkuru zombi zigaragaza ko intumwa zirenze imwe zagize uruhare mu kwitotomba. None se, ibyo byatangiye bite?

Yohana wabyiboneye n’amaso ye yongeraho ibisobanuro birambuye birebana n’iyo nkuru. Avuga izina ry’uwo mugore—ko ari Mariya, mwene nyina wa Marita na Lazaro. Nanone, Yohana yatanze ibi bisobanuro birambuye dushobora kubona ko byuzuzanya, aho kubifata nk’aho bivuguruzanya; biragira biti “ayasiga ku birenge bya Yesu, abihanaguza umusatsi we.” (Iryo jambo riri mu nyuguti ziberamye ni twe twaryanditse dutyo.) Mu guhuriza hamwe izo nkuru, dushobora kubona ko Mariya agomba kuba yarashyize amavuta ku mutwe wa Yesu no ku birenge bye, amavuta Yohana yemeza ko yari “ameze nk’amadahano y’agati kitwa narada.” Yohana yari afitanye imishyikirano ya bugufi cyane na Yesu, kandi yahitaga ababara iyo hagiraga umuntu umusuzugura. Turasoma ngo “Yuda Isikaryota, umwe mu bigishwa be wendaga kumugambanira, aravuga ati ‘ni iki gitumye aya mavuta atagurwa idenariyo magana atatu ngo bazifashishe abakene?’ ”—Yohana 12:2-8.

Birumvikana ko Yuda yari “umwe mu bigishwa be,” ariko kandi ushobora kwiyumvisha ukuntu Yohana yababajwe n’uko umuntu wari uri mu mwanya nk’uwo yari arimo ategura umugambi wo kugambanira Yesu. Ku bihereranye no muri Yohana 12:4, umuhinduzi witwa Dr. C. Howard Matheny yagize ati “impitagihe ivuga igikorwa kitarakorwa ‘kuba yenda’ [cyangwa “wendaga”] hamwe n’indagihe iri mu mbundo ‘kuba arimo agambanira’ [cyangwa “wendaga kumugambanira”], zombi zigaragaza igikorwa kigenda gikorwa mu byiciro cyangwa gikomeza. Ibyo bigaragaza ko kuba Yuda yaragambaniye Yesu bitari igikorwa cy’akanya gato yakoze bimugwiririye, kubera ko byari byaratekerejweho kandi bigategurwa mu gihe cy’iminsi myinshi.” Yohana yongeyeho ikintu gituma dusobanukirwa ko icyateye Yuda kwitotomba “[atari] ukubabarira abakene, ahubwo ni uko yari umujura, kandi akaba ari we wari ufite umufuka w’impiya, akība ibyo yabikagamo.”

Ku bw’ibyo rero, birasa n’aho bihuje n’ubwenge kuvuga ko umujura Yuda ari we watangije ibyo kwitotomba kubera ko yari kubona andi mafaranga yo kwiba iyo ayo mavuta ahenze aza kugurishwa maze amafaranga agashyirwa mu mufuka w’impiya yatwaraga. Yuda amaze gutangiza ibyo kwitotomba, izindi ntumwa zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba zaravugiye mu matamatama zishyigikira icyasaga n’aho ari igitekerezo gifite ireme. Ariko rero, Yuda ni we wafashe iya mbere muri uko kwitotomba.