Ibibazo by’abasomyi

Mbese, Abahamya ba Yehova bemera imiti iyo ari yo yose ikomoka ku maraso?

Igisubizo cy’ishingiro ni uko Abahamya ba Yehova batemera guterwa amaraso. Twemera tudashidikanya ko itegeko ry’Imana rirebana n’amaraso ridashobora kuvugururwa kugira ngo rihuze n’ibitekerezo bigenda bihindagurika. Icyakora, hari ibibazo bishya bigenda bivuka bitewe n’uko noneho amaraso ashobora kugira icyo akorwaho, akaba yavanwamo ibice bine by’ibanze biyagize, ibyo bice na byo bikavanwamo utundi duce duto tubigize. Mu gihe Umukristo afata umwanzuro ku bihereranye no kuba yakwemera ibyo bintu, agomba kureba kure, akarenga inyungu n’ingaruka zishobora kubaho mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi. Icyagombye kumuhangayikisha ni ukumenya icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho n’ingaruka ibyo bishobora kugira mu mishyikirano afitanye n’Imana Ishoborabyose.

Ibibazo by’ingenzi birasobanutse neza. Mu buryo bwo kudufasha kureba impamvu ari uko bimeze, reka dusuzume ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishingiye kuri Bibiliya, ku mateka n’ibishingiye mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi.

Yehova Imana yabwiye Nowa, umukurambere wacu twese, ko amaraso agomba gufatwa nk’ikintu cyihariye (Itangiriro 9:3, 4). Nyuma y’aho, amategeko Imana yahaye Abisirayeli yagaragaje ukwera kw’amaraso; yagize iti “kandi umuntu wese wo mu nzu ya Isirayeli, cyangwa wo mu banyamahanga . . . urya amaraso y’uburyo bwose, nzahoza igitsure cyanjye kuri uwo muntu uriye amaraso.” Kubera ko Umwisirayeli yashoboraga kwanduza abandi binyuriye mu kutumvira itegeko ry’Imana, Imana yongeyeho iti “[nzamukura] mu bwoko bwe” (Abalewi 17:10). Nyuma y’aho, igihe intumwa n’abakuru bari bateraniye i Yerusalemu, baciye iteka ry’uko tugomba “kwirinda amaraso.” Kubigenza dutyo ni iby’ingenzi nko kwirinda gusambana no gusenga ibishushanyo.—Ibyakozwe 15:28, 29.

None se, icyo gihe ‘kwirinda’ byaba byarasobanuraga iki? Abakristo ntibaryaga amaraso, yaba ashyushye cyangwa ayavuze; ndetse nta n’ubwo baryaga inyama z’itungo ritavushijwe. Nanone ibindi bintu batashoboraga kurya, ni ibyokurya byongewemo amaraso, urugero nka saucisses zirimo amaraso. Kurya amaraso mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose muri ubwo byaba ari ukwica itegeko ry’Imana.—1 Samweli 14:32, 33.

Abantu benshi bo mu bihe bya kera bashobora kuba batarahangayikishwaga n’ibyo kurya amaraso nk’uko dushobora kubibona duhereye ku nyandiko za Tertullien (mu kinyejana cya kabiri n’icya gatatu I.C.). Mu gusubiza ibirego by’ibinyoma by’uko Abakristo baryaga amaraso, Tertullien yerekeje ku miryango yahanaga igihango binyuriye mu kunywana amaraso. Nanone kandi, yavuze ko “mu gihe habaga hari imirwano y’abakurankota mu nzu y’imikino y’Abaroma, [abantu bamwe na bamwe] bafataga amaraso y’umuntu wabaga yishwe bakayagotomera agishyushye bafite inyota n’umururumba . . . batekereza ko ari umuti ubavura igicuri.”

Ibyo bikorwa (n’ubwo Abaroma bamwe na bamwe babikoraga ku mpamvu z’ubuvuzi) byari bibi ku Bakristo: Tertullien yaranditse ati “nta n’ubwo dushyira amaraso y’inyamaswa muri gahunda isanzwe y’ibyo turya. Abaroma bakoreshaga ibyokurya birimo amaraso kugira ngo bibe ikigeragezo cy’ubudahemuka bw’Abakristo b’ukuri. Tertullien yongeyeho ati “noneho, reka mbibarize, ibyo ni ibiki ko muzi neza [ko Abakristo] banga urunuka amaraso y’inyamaswa, mbese, mwagombye gutekereza ko bagira umururumba w’amaraso y’abantu?”

Muri iki gihe, abantu batekereza ko iyo umuganga avuze ko baterwa amaraso amategeko y’Imana Ishoborabyose aba arebwa n’ibyo bintu, ni bake. N’ubwo twebwe Abahamya ba Yehova twifuza gukomeza kubaho, twiyemeje gukomeza kumvira itegeko ry’Imana rirebana n’amaraso. Ariko se ibyo bisobanura iki duhereye ku bikorwa byo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi byo muri iki gihe?

Igihe ibyo gutera amaraso yuzuye byakwiraga hose nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, Abahamya ba Yehova babonye ko ibyo byari binyuranye n’itegeko ry’Imana—kandi ni uko tukibyemera. Ariko kandi, ubuvuzi bwagiye buhinduka uko ibihe byagiye bihita. Muri iki gihe, amenshi mu maraso batera nta bwo aba ari amaraso yuzuye, ahubwo usanga ari ibice bimwe by’ibanze biyagize: (1) insoro zitukura; (2) insoro zera; (3) udufashi tw’amaraso; (4) umushongi w’amaraso (serumu y’amaraso), ni ukuvuga igice cy’amaraso gisukika. Hakurikijwe imimerere y’umurwayi, abaganga bashobora kumwandikira insoro zera, udufashi tw’amaraso cyangwa umushongi w’amaraso. Gutera umuntu bimwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso, bituma agapaki kamwe k’amaraso gasaranganywa mu barwayi benshi. Abahamya ba Yehova babona ko kwemera guterwa amaraso yuzuye cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bice byayo bine by’ingenzi ari ukwica itegeko ry’Imana. Mu buryo bushishikaje, gukomera kuri icyo gihagararo gishingiye kuri Bibiliya byagiye bibarinda akaga kenshi, hakubiyemo indwara y’umwijima na sida zishobora kwandurira mu maraso.

Ariko kandi, kubera ko amaraso ashobora kugira ibyo akorwaho akaba yavanwamo ibintu birenze ibyo bice by’ibanze biyagize, hari ibibazo bivuka ku byerekeranye n’uduce duto tundi dukomoka kuri ibyo bice by’ibanze bigize amaraso. Ni gute utwo duce duto dukoreshwa, kandi se, ni ibiki Umukristo yagombye gusuzuma mu gihe afata umwanzuro werekeranye na two?

Amaraso akubiyemo ibintu byinshi. Ndetse n’umushongi w’amaraso—ugizwe na 90 ku ijana by’amazi—uba urimo imisemburo myinshi cyane, imyunyu ngugu, za  enzymes (soma anzime) n’ibitunga umubiri, hakubiyemo imyunyu n’amasukari. Nanone kandi, umushongi w’amaraso uba urimo za poroteyine zimwe na zimwe, urugero nk’iyitwa albumine, izituma amaraso avura n’abasirikare bo kurwanya indwara. Abahanga bavana poroteyine nyinshi mu mushongi w’amaraso kandi bakazikoresha. Urugero, poroteyine iba mu mushongi w’amaraso ituma amaraso avura yitwa facteur VIII, yagiye ihabwa abantu barwaye indwara ituma amaraso atavura, bakunda kuva amaraso ntakame. Cyangwa se niba umuntu arwaye indwara runaka, abaganga bashobora kumwandikira guterwa serumu yitwa gammaglobuline, yakuwe mu mushongi w’amaraso y’abantu bamaze gukingirwa izo ndwara. Hari izindi poroteyine zo mu mushongi w’amaraso zikoreshwa mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, ariko izo zivuzwe haruguru zigaragaza ukuntu igice kimwe cy’ibanze kigize amaraso (umushongi w’amaraso) bashobora kugira ibintu bagikoraho kugira ngo babone utundi duce duto tukigize. *

Nk’uko umushongi w’amaraso ushobora gukomokwaho n’uduce tunyuranye, ibindi bice by’ibanze (insoro zitukura, insoro zera n’udufashi tw’amaraso) bashobora kugira ibyo babikoraho kugira ngo bavanemo utundi duce duto. Urugero, insoro zera z’amaraso zishobora kuvanwamo za poroteyine zitwa interférons n’izitwa interleukines, zikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na virusi hamwe na kanseri. Bashobora kugira ibyo bakora ku dufashi tw’amaraso bakatuvanamo umuti uvura ibisebe. Kandi hari n’indi miti irimo ikorwa ikubiyemo (nibura mu buryo bw’ibanze) ibintu bikomoka ku bice bigize amaraso. Bene ubwo buryo bwo kuvura ntibukubiyemo gutera umuntu ibyo bice by’ibanze bigize amaraso; ubusanzwe usanga bikubiyemo ibice bito cyane cyangwa uduce duto cyane tw’amaraso. Mbese, Abakristo bagombye kwemera kuvuzwa utwo duce duto cyane tugize amaraso? Ibyo nta cyo twabivugaho. Nta cyo Bibiliya ibivugaho mu buryo burambuye, bityo Umukristo akaba agomba kwifatira umwanzuro we bwite akurikije umutimanama we imbere y’Imana.

Hari bamwe bakwanga ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gikomoka ku maraso (hakubiyemo ndetse n’uduce tugamije kurinda umubiri mu gihe runaka tuwuha abasirikare bavuye mu wundi muntu). Uko ni ko bumva itegeko ry’Imana ridusaba ‘kwirinda amaraso.’ Bazi ko itegeko ryahawe Abisirayeli ryasabaga ko amaraso yavanywe mu kiremwa ‘avushirizwa hasi’ (Gutegeka 12:22-24). Kuki ibyo bifitanye isano n’ibyo turiho dusuzuma? Kugira ngo bategure gammaglobuline, imiti ituma amaraso avura ikozwe mu maraso n’ibindi n’ibindi, bisaba ko amaraso ashyirwa ahantu hamwe, maze bakagira ibyo bayakoraho. Ku bw’ibyo rero, Abakristo bamwe na bamwe banga bene iyo miti nk’uko banga guterwa amaraso yuzuye cyangwa ibice bine by’ibanze biyagize. Igihagararo cyabo kizira uburyarya kandi gishingiye ku mutimanama wabo cyagombye kubahirizwa.

Abandi Bakristo bafata imyanzuro mu buryo bunyuranye n’ubwo. Na bo banga guterwa amaraso yuzuye, insoro zitukura, insoro zera cyangwa udufashi tw’amaraso cyangwa umushongi w’amaraso. Ariko kandi, bashobora kwemerera muganga kubavura akoresheje uduce duto twavanywe mu bice by’ibanze bigize amaraso. Aha naho hashobora kubaho imimerere inyuranye. Umukristo umwe ashobora kwemera guterwa gammaglobuline, ariko ashobora kwemera cyangwa kutemera guterwa umuti urimo ikintu cyavanywe mu nsoro zitukura cyangwa izera. Ariko se muri rusange, ni iki gishobora gusunikira Abakristo bamwe na bamwe gufata umwanzuro w’uko bashobora kwemera uduce duto dukomoka ku bice by’ibanze bigize amaraso?

Ingingo ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibibazo by’Abasomyi”  yo mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Kamena 1990 (mu Gifaransa), yavuze ko poroteyine zikomoka ku mushongi w’amaraso (uduce duto tw’igice cy’ibanze) ziva mu maraso y’umugore utwite zikajya mu rwungano nyamaraso rw’urusoro ruri mu nda ye rutandukanye n’urwungano rwe. Bityo, umugore aha umwana we za poroteyine zirinda umubiri (immunoglobulines), akaba amuhaye ubushobozi bw’ingirakamaro butuma umubiri wirinda indwara. Mu mikorere y’urusoro ukwarwo, uko insoro zitukura z’amaraso yarwo zigenda zirangiza igihe cyazo gisanzwe cyo kubaho, igice cyazo kijyana ogisijeni mu mubiri kigira ibintu bigikorwaho. Kimwe mu bigize icyo gice gihinduka bilirubine, ikaba irenga ingobyi ikinjira muri nyina maze igasohorerwa hamwe n’iyindi myanda y’umubiri we. Abakristo bamwe na bamwe bashobora kubona ko bitewe n’uko uduce duto tw’ibice by’ibanze bigize amaraso dushobora kuva mu muntu umwe tukajya mu wundi muri ubwo buryo kamere, bashobora kwemera agace k’igice cy’ibanze cy’amaraso gakomoka ku mushongi w’amaraso cyangwa ku nsoro.

Mbese, kuba ibitekerezo hamwe n’imyanzuro ishingiye ku mutimanama bishobora kunyurana byaba bisobanura ko icyo kibazo nta cyo kivuze? Oya. Kirakomeye. Ariko kandi, harimo ikintu cy’ingenzi gisobanutse neza. Ibintu bimaze kuvugwa bigaragaza ko Abahamya ba Yehova banga guterwa amaraso yuzuye cyangwa ibice biyagize by’ibanze. Bibiliya itegeka Abakristo “kwirinda inyama zaterekerejwe ibishushanyo bisengwa, n’amaraso, n’ibinizwe, no gusambana” (Ibyakozwe 15:29). Ibirenze ibyo ngibyo, mu gihe ari ibihereranye n’uduce duto tugize ibice by’ibanze, buri Mukristo yifatira umwanzuro ku giti cye ahuje n’umutimanama we nyuma yo kubitekerezaho abigiranye ubwitonzi no kubishyira mu isengesho.

Abantu benshi baba biteguye kwemera uburyo bwo kuvura ubwo ari bwo bwose busa n’aho bubazanira inyungu z’ako kanya, ndetse bakaba bakwemera n’uburyo bwo kuvura bugira ingaruka mbi zizwi ku buzima, nk’uko bimeze ku miti ikomoka ku maraso. Umukristo utaryarya yihatira kubona ibintu mu buryo bwagutse kandi bushyize mu gaciro kurushaho, bukubiyemo ibirenze ibintu bifatika gusa. Abahamya ba Yehova bashimira imihati ishyirwaho kugira ngo haboneke ubuvuzi bwiza, kandi bashyira ku munzani bakagereranya ingaruka n’inyungu buri muti wose ushobora kugira. Icyakora, mu gihe ari imiti ikomoka ku maraso, basuzuma babigiranye ubwitonzi icyo Imana ivuga kandi bagatekereza ku mishyikirano bafitanye na Nyir’ukubaha Ubuzima.—Zaburi 36:10, umurongo wa 9 muri Biblia Yera.

Mbega ukuntu ari imigisha ku Mukristo kugira icyizere nk’icy’umwanditsi wa Zaburi wanditse agira ati ‘Uwiteka Imana ni izuba n’ingabo ikingira; Uwiteka azatanga ubuntu n’icyubahiro: ntazagira ikintu cyiza yima abagenda batunganye. Uwiteka, hahirwa umuntu ukwiringira’!—Zaburi 84:12, 13, umurongo wa 11 n’uwa 12 muri Biblia Yera.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 30]

IBITEKEREZO BYATANZWE KU BIHERERANYE N’IBIBAZO BISHOBORA KUBAZWA UMUGANGA

Uramutse ugiye kubagwa cyangwa kuvurwa mu buryo bushobora gutuma biba ngombwa ko hakoreshwa bimwe mu bice bigize amaraso, baza uti:

Mbese, abaganga bose bahihibikanira ikibazo cyanjye bazi ko, kubera ko ndi umwe mu Bahamya ba Yehova, nanditse nsaba ko ntagomba guterwa amaraso (yaba amaraso yuzuye, insoro zitukura, insoro zera, udufashi cyangwa umushongi) mu mimerere iyo ari yo yose?

Niba hari imiti yakozwe mu mushongi w’amaraso, mu nsoro zitukura cyangwa izera, cyangwa udufashi tw’amaraso igomba kukwandikirwa, baza uti:

Mbese, uwo muti waba warakozwe muri kimwe mu bice bine by’ibanze bigize amaraso? Niba ari ko biri, mbese, wansobanurira ibiwugize?

Uwo muti ukomoka ku maraso ngomba guhabwa ungana iki kandi nzawuhabwa mu buhe buryo?

Niba umutimanama wanjye unyemerera kwemera icyo gice gikomoka ku maraso, ni akahe kaga kagendana na cyo ko mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi?

Niba umutimanama wanjye unsunikira kwanga uwo muti, ni ubuhe buryo bundi bwo kuvura bushobora gukoreshwa?

Mu gihe nzaba maze gusuzuma iby’iki kibazo mu buryo bwimbitse kurushaho, ni ryari nshobora kukumenyesha umwanzuro nafashe?