Mbese, abasinike bagize ingaruka ku myifatire yawe?

“UMUSINIKE ni umuntu utigera agira umuco mwiza abona mu muntu, ariko buri gihe ntabure kubona umuco mubi. Ni umuntu umeze nk’igihunyira, kigira umwete mu mwijima cyagera ku mucyo kigahuma, kigenda cyomboka gishaka udusimba tubi kandi nta na rimwe kijya kibona udusimba twiza.” Ayo magambo yitiriwe umupadiri wo muri Amerika wo mu kinyejana cya 19 witwaga Henry Ward Beecher. Hari benshi bashobora gutekereza ko agaragaza neza neza umwuka w’ubusinike bwo muri iki gihe. Ariko kandi, ijambo “umusinike (cynique)” ryakomotse mu Kigiriki cya kera, aho ritumvikanishaga na busa umuntu ufite bene iyo myifatire. Mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi, ryerekezaga ku itsinda ry’abahanga mu bya filozofiya.

Ni gute filozofiya y’Abasinike yaje kubaho? Ni iki bigishaga? Mbese, imico y’Umusinike ishobora kuba ikintu cyifuzwa ku Mukristo?

Abasinike ba kera​—Inkomoko yabo n’imyizerere yabo

U Bugiriki bwa kera bwari indiri y’ibiganiro bishyushye n’impaka zikaze. Mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi byashyiraga Igihe Cyacu, abantu bamwe na bamwe, urugero nka Socrate, Platon, na Aristote bagiye bazamura ibiganiro bishingiye kuri za filozofiya zatumye baba ibirangirire. Inyigisho zabo zagize ingaruka ku bantu mu buryo bwimbitse, kandi bene ibyo bitekerezo na n’ubu biracyaboneka mu mico yo mu bantu bo mu Burengerazuba.

Socrate (470-399 M.I.C.) yajyaga impaka avuga ko ibyishimo birambye bitabonerwa mu kwiruka inyuma y’ibintu by’umubiri cyangwa gushimisha irari ry’umubiri. Yavugaga ashimitse ko ibyishimo nyakuri bituruka ku mibereho irangwa no kwiyegurira ibyo gushaka ingeso nziza. Socrate yabonaga ko kugira ingeso nziza ari byo byiza kurusha ibindi byose. Kugira ngo agere kuri iyo ntego, yangaga gutunga ibintu by’umubiri by’akataraboneka, akanga n’imishinga itari ngombwa kubera ko yatekerezaga ko ibyo byari kumurangaza. Yari yaratoye imico yo kwiyoroshya no kwiyanga, agira imibereho yoroheje, irangwa no kudasesagura.

Socrate yahimbye uburyo bwo kwigisha bwitwa uburyo bwa Socrate. Mu gihe abahanga mu byo gutekereza hafi ya bose batangaga igitekerezo bagatanga n’ibihamya bigishyigikira, Socrate we yakoze ibinyuranye n’ibyo. Yategaga amatwi inyigisho z’abandi bahanga mu bya filozofiya, maze agashakisha ukuntu yashyira ahagaragara inenge zabaga ziri mu bitekerezo byabo. Ubwo buryo bwateraga abantu inkunga yo kugira imyifatire yo kunenga abandi no kubasuzugura.

Mu bigishwa ba Socrate hari harimo umuhanga mu bya filozofiya witwaga Antisthène (ahagana mu mwaka wa 445-365 M.I.C.). We hamwe n’abandi benshi bafashe inyigisho z’ibanze za Socrate bazigeza ku yindi ntera, bavuga ko ingeso nziza ari cyo kintu cyiza cyonyine. Kuri bo, kwiruka inyuma y’ibinezeza ntibyari ibintu bibarangaza gusa, ahubwo byari uburyo bwo gukora ibibi. Kubera ko bari abantu bakabije kutavuga rumwe n’abandi mu muryango, basuzuguraga abandi bantu cyane. Baje kwitwa Abasinike. Izina Umusinike rishobora kuba ryaraturutse ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki (ky·ni·kosʹ) ryasobanuraga imyifatire yabo yo kuba abantu bijimye kandi irangwa  n’ubwirasi. Risobanurwa ngo “umeze nk’imbwa.” *

Ingaruka byagize ku mibereho yabo

N’ubwo ibintu bimwe mu byari bigize filozofiya y’Abasinike, urugero nko kurwanya ibyo gukunda ubutunzi no kwirundumurira mu binezeza, ubwabyo bishobora kuba byarabonwaga ko ari ibyo gushimwa, Abasinike barakabyaga mu bitekerezo byabo. Ibyo bigaragarira mu mibereho y’Umusinike uzwi cyane kurusha abandi​—ni ukuvuga umuhanga mu bya filozofiya witwaga Diogène.

Diogène yavutse mu mwaka wa 412 M.I.C., avukira mu mujyi wa Sinope uri ku Nyanja Yirabura. We na se bimukiye muri Atenayi, aho yaje kugezwaho inyigisho z’Abasinike. Diogène yigishijwe na Antisthène maze aza gutwarwa na filozofiya y’Abasinike. Socrate yari afite imibereho yoroheje, naho Antisthène akagira iyo kwibabaza. Icyakora, Diogène we yagize imibereho yo kwigunga. Kugira ngo atsindagirize ukuntu yangaga iraha ry’ibintu by’umubiri, abantu bavuga ko yamaze igihe gito aba mu ngunguru.

Mu gihe Diogène yashakishaga icyiza kiruta ibindi byose, bavuga ko yanyuze mu mujyi wa Atenayi ku manywa y’ihangu acanye itara ngo ashakisha umuntu ufite ingeso nziza! Bene iyo myifatire yatumaga abantu bahurura, kandi ni bwo buryo Diogène hamwe n’abandi Basinike bakoreshaga bigisha. Bavuga ko Alexandre le Grand yigeze kubaza Diogène ikintu yifuzaga cyane kurusha ibindi. Diogène ngo yaba yaramubwiye ko nta kindi yifuzaga kitari uko Alexandre amukinguruka akamuva mu zuba!

Diogène hamwe n’abandi Basinike bari batunzwe no gusabiriza. Nta gihe bari bafite cyo kugira imishyikirano isanzwe hagati y’abantu, kandi bangaga inshingano zireba abaturage. Wenda babitewe n’uburyo bwa Socrate bwo gutekereza, babaye abantu basuzugura abandi cyane. Diogène yari azwiho kuba avuga amagambo akarishye asesereza. Abasinike bari bazwiho kuba ari abantu “bameze nk’imbwa,” ariko Diogène we ubwe bari baramwise Imbwa. Yapfuye ahagana mu mwaka wa 320 M.I.C. afite imyaka igera kuri 90. Hejuru y’imva ye bahashinze ishusho ibajwe mu ibuye ry’urugarika rifite isura y’imbwa.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe byari bigize filozofiya y’Abasinike byaje kwinjira mu yandi matsinda y’abahanga mu byo gutekereza. Icyakora, byaje kugera aho imyifatire ya Diogène hamwe n’iy’abigishwa be bamukurikiye yo kwitandukanya n’amahame yemewe mu muryango ituma itsinda ry’Abasinike ribonwa nabi. Amaherezo ryarazimangatanye burundu.

Abasinike bo muri iki gihe​—Mbese, wagombye kurangwa n’imyifatire yabo?

Inkoranyamagambo yitwa The Oxford English Dictionary isobanura Umusinike wo muri iki gihe ivuga ko ari “umuntu uba yiteguye gutukana cyangwa gushakisha amakosa. . . . Umuntu ugaragaza imyifatire yo kudashira amakenga intego z’abantu n’ibikorwa byabo abona ko bitazira uburyarya cyangwa bitagamije icyiza, kandi usanga ibyo ashaka kubigaragaza binyuriye mu gusekera abandi no kuvuga amagambo asesereza; umuntu ukunda gusekera abandi abashakaho amakosa.” Izo ngeso zigaragara mu isi idukikije, ariko kandi birumvikana ko zidahuje na kamere ya Gikristo. Reka dusuzume inyigisho hamwe n’amahame ya Bibiliya bikurikira.

“Uwiteka ni umunyebambe n’umunyambabazi, atinda kurakara, afite kugira neza kwinshi. Ntakomeza kurwana iteka, ntagumana umujinya iminsi yose” (Zaburi 103:8, 9). Abakristo babwirwa ko bagomba ‘kwigana Imana’ (Abefeso 5:1). Niba Imana Ishoborabyose ihitamo kugaragaza umuco w’imbabazi no kugira neza kwinshi aho kuba “yiteguye gutukana cyangwa gushakisha amakosa,” rwose Abakristo na bo bagombye kugerageza kubigenza batyo.

Yesu Kristo, we wahagarariye Yehova mu buryo nyabwo, ‘yadusigiye icyitegererezo, kugira ngo tugere ikirenge mu cye’ (1 Petero 2:21; Abaheburayo 1:3). Rimwe na rimwe, Yesu yajyaga ashyira ahagaragara ibinyoma by’abanyamadini kandi yahamyaga ko imirimo y’isi yari mibi (Yohana 7:7). Nyamara kandi, yavugaga ibintu byiza ku bantu babaga bafite imitima itaryarya abashimira. Urugero, yerekeje kuri Natanayeli agira ati “dore Umwisirayeli nyakuri, udafite uburiganya” (Yohana 1:47). Mu gihe Yesu yakoraga ibitangaza, rimwe na rimwe yibandaga ku kwizera k’uwabaga akorewe igitangaza (Matayo 9:22). Kandi igihe abantu bamwe batekerezaga ko impano umugore yatanze agaragaza ugushimira yari ukwaya, Yesu ntiyigeze agaragaza ko atashiraga amakenga icyo uwo mugore yari agamije, ahubwo yagize ati “aho ubutumwa bwiza buzigishirizwa hose mu isi yose, icyo uyu mugore ankoreye kizavugirwa kugira ngo bamwibuke” (Matayo 26:6-13). Yesu yari incuti yiringirwa y’abigishwa be, kandi yabagaragarizaga ubwuzu, “yakomeje kubakunda kugeza imperuka.”—Yohana 13:1.

 Kubera ko Yesu yari atunganye, yashoboraga kuba yaragiye abona amakosa y’abantu badatunganye mu buryo bworoshye. Ariko kandi, aho kugira ngo agaragaze umwuka wo kutagira icyizere no gushakisha amakosa, yashakaga uko yagarurira abantu ubuyanja.—Matayo 11:29, 30.

“[Urukundo] rwizera byose” (1 Abakorinto 13:7). Ayo magambo ahabanye rwose n’imyifatire y’Umusinike udashira amakenga ibikorwa by’abandi hamwe n’ikiba kibasunikiye kubikora. Birumvikana ariko ko mu isi hari abantu benshi bakora ibintu bafite ibindi bagamije; bityo rero, kugira amakenga ni ngombwa (Imigani 14:15). Icyakora, urukundo ruba rwiteguye kwizera bitewe n’uko rwiringira, aho gukemanga bitari ngombwa.

Imana ikunda abagaragu bayo kandi ikabiringira. Izi aho ubushobozi bwabo bugarukira, ndetse kurusha uko bo babizi. Nyamara kandi, Yehova ntiyigera akeka amababa ubwoko bwe, kandi nta n’ubwo abwitegaho ibirenze ibyo bushobora gukora mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro (Zaburi 103:13, 14). Byongeye kandi, Imana ishaka icyiza mu bantu, maze mu buryo burangwa n’icyizere igaha inshingano n’ubutware abagaragu bayo b’indahemuka n’ubwo badatunganye.—1 Abami 14:13; Zaburi 82:6.

“Jye, Uwiteka, ni jye urondora umutima, nkawugerageza nkitura umuntu wese ibihwanye n’inzira ze, uko imbuto ziva mu mirimo ye ziri” (Yeremiya 17:10). Yehova ashobora gusoma ibiri mu mutima w’umuntu nta kwibeshya. Twe nta byo twashobora. Ku bw’ibyo rero, tugomba kugira ubwitonzi ku birebana no gutekerereza abandi impamvu zibatera gukora ibintu runaka.

Kwemerera umwuka w’ubusinike ugashinga imizi muri twe, maze amaherezo ukagenga imitekerereze yacu, bishobora kuzana amacakubiri hagati yacu na bagenzi bacu duhuje ukwizera. Bishobora guhungabanya amahoro y’itorero rya Gikristo. Ku bw’ibyo rero, nimucyo dukurikize urugero rwa Yesu, we wari umuntu ushyira mu gaciro ariko kandi urangwa n’icyizere mu mishyikirano yagiranaga n’abigishwa be. Yabaye incuti yabo yiringirwa.—Yohana 15:11-15.

“Uko mushaka ko abantu babagirira, abe ari ko mubagirira namwe” (Luka 6:31). Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa iyo nama ya Yesu Kristo. Urugero, twese twishimira ko abantu batuvugisha babigiranye ubugwaneza no kubaha. Ubwo rero, rwose natwe twagombye kuvugana n’abandi mu buryo burangwa n’ineza no kubaha. Ndetse n’igihe Yesu yashyiraga ahagaragara mu buryo bukomeye inyigisho z’ikinyoma z’abayobozi ba kidini, nta na rimwe yigeze abikora mu buryo bw’abasinike bwo kubakeka amababa.—Matayo 23:13-36.

Uburyo bwo kurwanya ingeso y’ubusinike

Niba twaragiye tugira abantu badutenguha, kwirekura tukayoborwa n’ibitekerezo by’ubusinike byakoroha cyane. Dushobora kurwanya iyo myifatire binyuriye mu gusobanukirwa ko Yehova yiringira ubwoko bwe budatunganye mu mishyikirano agirana na bwo. Ibyo bishobora kudufasha kwemera abandi basenga Imana uko bari—ni ukuvuga abantu badatunganye bihatira gukora ibiboneye.

Ibintu bibabaje byabayeho, bishobora gutuma bamwe batiringira abandi. Ni iby’ukuri ko bidahuje n’ubwenge kwiringira abantu badatunganye mu buryo bwimazeyo (Zaburi 146:3, 4). Ariko kandi, mu itorero rya Gikristo hari benshi bifuza nta buryarya kubera abandi isoko y’inkunga. Tekereza abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi bameze nka ba mama, ba data, bashiki bacu, abavandimwe n’abana ku bantu batakaje imiryango yabo bwite (Mariko 10:30). Tekereza ukuntu benshi bagaragaza ko ari incuti nyancuti mu bihe by’amakuba. *—Imigani 18:24.

Ikimenyetso kiranga abigishwa ba Yesu si ukugaragaza ubusinike, ahubwo ni urukundo rwa kivandimwe, kuko yagize ati “ibyo ni byo bose bazabamenyeraho ko muri abigishwa banjye, nimukundana” (Yohana 13:35). Bityo rero, nimucyo tugaragaze urukundo, kandi nimucyo twibande ku mico myiza ya bagenzi bacu b’Abakristo. Kubigenza dutyo bizadufasha kwirinda kugira imico y’Umusinike.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 21]

Umusinike uzwi cyane kurusha abandi, ari we Diogène

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Byavuye mu gitabo cyitwa Great Men and Famous Women